[Mycoplasma genitalium detection and correlation with clinical manifestations in population of the Zulia State, Venezuela]. / Detección de Mycoplasma genitalium y correlación con manifestaciones clínicas en una población del estado Zulia, Venezuela.

Diverse studies demonstrate an association between Mycoplasma genitalium and urogenital pathologies. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of M. genitalium in patients attending gynecological evaluation in private clinics (n = 172). DNA amplification assays of the genes 16S rRNA and MgPa were utilized. The prevalence of M. genitalium in the study population was 7.5%. M. genitalium was detected in 12.1% and 4.1% of the symptomatic and asymptomatic patients, respectively (p = 0.047). The infection was diagnosed in patients with cervicitis (17.2%) and mucopurulent secretion (16.6%) and the highest prevalence of infections was registered in the 31-40 years age group. No significant association between the presence of M.genitalium and individual clinical manifestations or the patients age was showed (p > 0.05). The high prevalence of M. genitalium infections, mostly in patients with clinical manifestations showed in this study, warrants the application of diagnostic strategies in the population to investigate the clinical meaning of these microorganisms and to reevaluate therapeutic schemes against non-gonococcal and non-chlamydial infections.

Detección de Mycoplasma genitalium y correlación con manifestaciones clínicas en una población del estado Zulia, Venezuela / Mycoplasma genitalium detection and correlation with clinical manifestations in population of the Zulia State, Venezuela

Diverse studies demonstrate an association between Mycoplasma genitalium and urogenital pathologies. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of M. genitalium in patients attending gynecological evaluation in private clinics (n = 172). DNA amplification assays of the genes 16S rRNA and MgPa were utilized. The prevalence of M. genitalium in the study population was 7.5 percent. M. genitalium was detected in 12.1 percent and 4.1 percent of the symptomatic and asymptomatic patients, respectively (p = 0.047). The infection was diagnosed in patients with cervicitis (17.2 percent) and mucopurulent secretion (16.6 percent) and the highest prevalence of infections was registered in the 31-40 years age group. No significant association between the presence of M.genitalium and individual clinical manifestations or the patients age was showed (p > 0.05). The high prevalence of M. genitalium infections, mostly in patients with clinical manifestations showed in this study, warrants the application of diagnostic strategies in the population to investigate the clinical meaning of these microorganisms and to reevaluate therapeutic schemes against non-gonococcal and non-chlamydial infections.

Diversos estudios demuestran una asociación entre Mycoplasma genitalium y patologías urogenitales. El objetivo de este trabajo fue investigar la prevalencia de infecciones por M. genitalium en pacientes atendidas en clínicas privadas (n = 172). Se utilizaron ensayos de amplificación de genes 16S rARN y MgPa. La prevalencia de M. genitalium en esta población fue 7,5 por ciento. Mycoplasma genitalium fue detectado en 12,1 y 4,1 por ciento) de las pacientes sintomáticas y asintomáticas, respectivamente (p = 0,047). La infección se diagnosticó en pacientes con cervicitis (17,2 por ciento) y con secreción mucopurulenta (16,6 por ciento) y la mayor prevalencia de infecciones se registró en el grupo etario de 31 a 40 años. No se encontró asociación significativa entre la presencia de M. genitalium y manifestaciones clínicas individuales o edad de las pacientes (p > 0,05). La alta prevalencia de infecciones por M. genitalium, principalmente en pacientes con manifestaciones clínicas demostrada en este estudio, demanda la aplicación de estrategias diagnósticas en la población para investigar el significado clínico de estos microorganismos y reevaluar esquemas terapéuticos contra infecciones no gonocóccicas y no clamidiales.

[Evaluation of a multiplex PCR assay to differentiate mycobacteria of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in a reference laboratory]. / Evaluación de un ensayo de RPC múltiple para diferenciar micobacterias del complejo Mycobacterium tuberculosis en un laboratorio de referencia.

Mycobacteria that cause tuberculosis in animals and humans belong to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. Techniques for conventional diagnosis are time-consuming and do not differentiate between different strains belonging to the M. tuberculosis complex. The aim of this study was to evaluate a multiplex PCR assay applicable to mycobacteria in culture with the capacity to differentiate different strains belonging to the M. tuberculosis complex in a reference laboratory. Primers based on genomics regions of difference (RD) consisting in DNA segments that are present in M. tuberculosis, but differentially deleted in several members of M. tuberculosis complex were used in a PCR assay. The test was applied to 86 clinical isolates of mycobacteria. The pattern of amplification allowed differentiating between M. tuberculosis, M. bovis and M. bovis BCG in a single PCR reaction. This PCR multiplex assay may be used in a Reference Laboratory of Tuberculosis Diagnosis as a complementary test to differentiate mycobacteria strains belonging to the M. tuberculosis complex. This test significantly reduces the time period between culture and strain identification, and thus for could favor the adoption of better strain specific antimycobacterial regimens as well as identification of zoonotic transmission of M. bovis to humans.

Evaluación de un ensayo de RPC múltiple para diferenciar micobacterias del complejo Mycobacterium tuberculosis en un laboratorio de referencia / Evaluation of a multiplex PCR assay to differentiate mycobacteria of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in a reference laboratory

Mycobacteria that cause tuberculosis in animals and humans belong to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. Techniques for conventional diagnosis are time-consuming and do not differentiate between different strains belonging to the M. tuberculosis complex. The aim of this study was to evaluate a multiplex PCR assay applicable to mycobacteria in culture with the capacity to differentiate different strains belonging to the M. tuberculosis complex in a reference laboratory. Primers based on genomics regions of difference (RD) consisting in DNA segments that are present in M. tuberculosis, but differentially deleted in several members of M. tuberculosis complex were used in a PCR assay. The test was applied to 86 clinical isolates of mycobacteria. The pattern of amplification allowed differentiating between M. tuberculosis, M. bovis and M. bovis BCG in a single PCR reaction. This PCR multiplex assay may be used in a Reference Laboratory of Tuberculosis Diagnosis as a complementary test to differentiate mycobacteria strains belonging to the M. tuberculosis complex. This test significantly reduces the time period between culture and strain identification, and thus for could favor the adoption of better strain specific antimycobacterial regimens as well as identification of zoonotic transmission of M. bovis to humans.

Las micobacterias que causan tuberculosis en animales y humanos pertenecen al complejo Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Las técnicas de diagnóstico convencional, además de ser lentas y laboriosas, no permiten diferenciar entre miembros de este complejo. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar ensayos de RPC múltiple para contribuir a la identificación diferencial de micobacterias del complejo M. tuberculosis a partir de cultivos, en un laboratorio de referencia. Se utilizaron oligonucleótidos partidores basados en regiones de diferencia (RD) que consisten en segmentos de ADN que están presentes en M. tuberculosis, pero que han sido eliminados diferencialmente del genoma de otros miembros del complejo M. tuberculosis. El ensayo se aplicó sobre 86 aislados clínicos de micobacterias. El patrón de amplificación permitió diferenciar entre cepas de M. tuberculosis, M. bovis y M. bovis variedad BCG en una única RPC. Este ensayo de RPC múltiple puede ser utilizado en el Laboratorio de Referencia de Diagnóstico de Tuberculosis como prueba complementaria para diferenciar micobacterias del complejo M. tuberculosis, contribuyendo a un acortamiento en el período de reporte de resultados y un tratamiento adecuado del paciente, y podría ser aplicado también en estudios epidemiológicos de transmisión zoonótica de M. bovis a humanos.

[Molecular diagnosis and Chlamydia trachomatis infections prevalence in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients of a population of the Zulia State, Venezuela]. / Diagnóstico molecular y prevalencia de infecciones por Chlamydia trachomatis en pacientes sintomáticas y asintomáticas de una población del estado de Zulia, Venezuela.

One of the world-wide most prevalent sexually transmitted pathogens is Chlamydia trachomatis. Technical limitations in their detection difficult the estimation of it true prevalence. The aim of this study was to investigate C. trachomatis prevalence in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients by two PCR assays. DNA extraction of endocervical swabs from 105 patients were performed and the samples tested by PCR. Positive samples for C. trachomatis were considered if fragments in both PCR reactions were observed. The prevalence rates were 13.7%, 7.4% and 10.4% for the symptomatic, asymptomatic patients and the total population, respectively. Highest prevalence was registered in symptomatic 20 to 30 years old patients. (19.2%) Chlamydia trachomatis prevalence in the population was relatively high and is desirable to apply diagnostics strategies as the reported one in this study to detect the pathogen and offer an adequate and opportune treatment to patients.

Diagnóstico molecular y prevalencia de infecciones por Chlamydia trachomatis en pacientes sintomáticas y asintomáticas de una población del estado de Zulia, Venezuela / Molecular diagnosis and Chlamydia trachomatis infections prevalence in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients of a population of the Zulia State, Venezuela

Chlamydia trachomatis es uno de los patógenos de transmisión sexual predominantes en el mundo. Limitaciones técnicas para su diagnóstico dificultan la estimación de su verdadera prevalencia. El objetivo de este trabajo fue investigar la prevalencia de infecciones por C. trachomatis en pacientes sintomáticas y asintomáticas, a través de dos ensayos de amplificación por RPC. Se hizo extracción de ADN de hisopados endocervicales de 105 pacientes y se analizaron por RPC. Se consideraron positivas para C. trachomatis, aquellas muestras en las cuales se detectaron fragmentos en ambas reacciones de RPC. Las tasas de prevalencia fueron de 13,7 por ciento, 7,4 por ciento y 10,4 por ciento para las pacientes sintomáticas, asintomáticas y la población total, respectivamente. La mayor prevalencia se registró en pacientes sintomáticas del grupo etario de 20 a 30 años (19,2 por ciento). La prevalencia de infecciones por C. trachomatis en la población fue relativamente alta y se debe resaltar la importancia de aplicar estrategias diagnósticas, como la reportada en el presente estudio, que permitan detectar el patógeno y brindar a las pacientes terapias adecuadas y oportunas.

One of the world-wide most prevalent sexually transmitted pathogens is Chlamydia trachomatis. Technical limitations in their detection difficult the estimation of it true prevalence. The aim of this study was to investigate C. trachomatis prevalence in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients by two PCR assays. DNA extraction of endocervical swabs from 105 patients were performed and the samples tested by PCR. Positive samples for C. trachomatis were considered if fragments in both PCR reactions were observed. The prevalence rates were 13.7 percent, 7.4 percent and 10.4 percent for the symptomatic, asymptomatic patients and the total population, respectively. Highest prevalence was registered in symptomatic 20 to 30 years old patients. (19.2 percent) Chlamydia trachomatis prevalence in the population was relatively high and is desirable to apply diagnostics strategies as the reported one in this study to detect the pathogen and offer an adequate and opportune treatment to patients.