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Sci Rep ; 14(1): 13830, 2024 06 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38879714

RESUMO

The 2021 tuberculosis (TB) preventive treatment guidelines in India included silicosis as a screening group, yet latent TB infection (LTBI) testing for silica-dust-exposed individuals is underemphasized. Focusing on an estimated 52 million silica-dust-exposed workers, particularly agate-stone workers in Khambhat, Gujarat, our study aims to estimate LTBI prevalence, identify predictors, and gather insights from TB and silicosis experts. Employing a sequential explanatory mixed-methods approach, a cross-sectional study involved 463 agate-stone workers aged ≥ 20 years in Khambhat, using IGRA kits for LTBI testing. In-depth interviews with experts complemented quantitative findings. Among agate-stone workers, 58% tested positive for LTBI, with predictors including longer exposure, type of work, and BCG vaccination. Our findings reveal a nearly double burden of LTBI compared to the general population, particularly in occupations with higher silica dust exposure. Experts advocate for including silica-dust-exposed individuals in high-risk groups for LTBI testing, exploring cost-effective alternatives like improved skin sensitivity tests, and shorter TB preventive treatment regimens to enhance compliance. Future research should explore upfront TB preventive treatment for silica-dust-exposed individuals with high LTBI prevalence and optimal exposure duration. This study underscores the urgent need for policy changes and innovative approaches to TB prevention among silica-dust-exposed populations, impacting global occupational health strategies.


Assuntos
Poeira , Tuberculose Latente , Exposição Ocupacional , Dióxido de Silício , Silicose , Humanos , Índia/epidemiologia , Masculino , Tuberculose Latente/epidemiologia , Tuberculose Latente/diagnóstico , Tuberculose Latente/prevenção & controle , Poeira/análise , Adulto , Exposição Ocupacional/efeitos adversos , Estudos Transversais , Silicose/epidemiologia , Silicose/diagnóstico , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência
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