RESUMO
Sterile alpha and TIR motif containing 1 (SARM1) is an inducible NADase that localizes to mitochondria throughout neurons and senses metabolic changes that occur after injury. Minimal proteomic changes are observed upon either SARM1 depletion or activation, suggesting that SARM1 does not exert broad effects on neuronal protein homeostasis. However, whether SARM1 activation occurs throughout the neuron in response to injury and cell stress remains largely unknown. Using a semiautomated imaging pipeline and a custom-built deep learning scoring algorithm, we studied degeneration in both mixed-sex mouse primary cortical neurons and male human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cortical neurons in response to a number of different stressors. We show that SARM1 activation is differentially restricted to specific neuronal compartments depending on the stressor. Cortical neurons undergo SARM1-dependent axon degeneration after mechanical transection, and SARM1 activation is limited to the axonal compartment distal to the injury site. However, global SARM1 activation following vacor treatment causes both cell body and axon degeneration. Context-specific stressors, such as microtubule dysfunction and mitochondrial stress, induce axonal SARM1 activation leading to SARM1-dependent axon degeneration and SARM1-independent cell body death. Our data reveal that compartment-specific SARM1-mediated death signaling is dependent on the type of injury and cellular stressor.
Assuntos
Proteínas do Domínio Armadillo , Córtex Cerebral , Proteínas do Citoesqueleto , Células-Tronco Pluripotentes Induzidas , Neurônios , Proteínas do Domínio Armadillo/metabolismo , Proteínas do Domínio Armadillo/genética , Animais , Proteínas do Citoesqueleto/metabolismo , Proteínas do Citoesqueleto/genética , Camundongos , Neurônios/metabolismo , Neurônios/patologia , Masculino , Córtex Cerebral/metabolismo , Córtex Cerebral/patologia , Humanos , Feminino , Células-Tronco Pluripotentes Induzidas/metabolismo , Degeneração Neural/patologia , Degeneração Neural/metabolismo , Degeneração Neural/genética , Células Cultivadas , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Estresse Fisiológico/fisiologia , Axônios/metabolismo , Axônios/patologia , Mitocôndrias/metabolismoRESUMO
We introduce neutron-encoded (NeuCode) amino acid labeling of mice as a strategy for multiplexed proteomic analysis in vivo. Using NeuCode, we characterize an inducible knockout mouse model of Bap1, a tumor suppressor and deubiquitinase whose in vivo roles outside of cancer are not well established. NeuCode proteomics revealed altered metabolic pathways following Bap1 deletion, including profound elevation of cholesterol biosynthetic machinery coincident with reduced expression of gluconeogenic and lipid homeostasis proteins in liver. Bap1 loss increased pancreatitis biomarkers and reduced expression of mitochondrial proteins. These alterations accompany a metabolic remodeling with hypoglycemia, hypercholesterolemia, hepatic lipid loss, and acinar cell degeneration. Liver-specific Bap1 null mice present with fully penetrant perinatal lethality, severe hypoglycemia, and hepatic lipid deficiency. This work reveals Bap1 as a metabolic regulator in liver and pancreas, and it establishes NeuCode as a reliable proteomic method for deciphering in vivo biology.