Clinical and CBCT Assessment of Role of Bisphosphonate on Osteotomy Site and Implant Surface.

Objectives: To assess the role of bisphosphonate on osteotomy site and implant surface. Materials and Methods: Twenty patients with adequate width and height of edentulous space and a single missing posterior tooth between the ages of 25 and 55 were incorporated in this research. Ten participants received implant therapy alone; the other ten patients received implant therapy and bisphosphonate application to osteotomy site and the implant surface. Result: Changes in the crestal bone level were seen in both the study and control groups. At 1 year, crestal bone loss was less in the bisphosphonate-treated group than in the control group. Conclusion: The quantity of crestal bone loss was reduced when bisphosphonate (sodium alendronate) was applied locally near the implant and osteotomy site.

Correlation between Interalar Distance and Mesiodistal Width of Maxillary Anterior Teeth in Thrissur, Kerala, Indian Population.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess the validity of interalar distance as an aid in maxillary anterior teeth selection in Thrissur, Kerala, Indian population. The study also evaluated whether interalar distance and maxillary anterior teeth undergo any changes as age increases in this population and whether there is a gender difference in these parameters in this population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A study was planned on 1200 participants in Thrissur Municipal Corporation area, Kerala, India, with the aim of checking the validity of interalar distance as a successful aid in maxillary anterior teeth selection. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 21.0. Mean standard deviation and 95% confidence intervals were estimated. Student's t-test was used for comparison between gender and two age groups such as 18-25 and 40-50 years. One-way ANOVA analysis was done for combined effects. RESULTS: The study showed that there is a high statistical significance between the interalar distance and the mesiodistal width of six maxillary anterior teeth in females (P < 0.01) and no significance in males. CONCLUSION: The study concluded that, within the population evaluated, there was a high significant correlation between interalar distance and the mesiodistal width of six maxillary anterior teeth in both males and females. Both interalar distance and mesiodistal width of maxillary anterior teeth showed a significant increase in size as age increases. There was a significant increase in size difference for males compared to females in relation to interalar distance and not for mesiodistal width of maxillary anterior teeth.

Comparative clinicoradiographical evaluation of effect of aminobisphosphonate (sodium alendronate) on peri-implant bone status: Controlled clinical trial.

AIM: The present study aims to compare the peri-implant bone status around immediately loaded dental implants treated with aminobisphosphonate solution and untreated control implants in terms of clinical and radiographical parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 24 patients were randomly divided equally into two groups. This study was conducted in accordance to the Helsinki's declaration of 1975, revised in 2000, and with the approval of the institutional ethical committee. In the control group after preparation, osteotomy sites were irrigated with normal saline solution, whereas in the test group osteotomy sites were irrigated with modified bisphosphonate solution and then TRX-OP, Hi-Tec dental implants were inserted. Clinical parameters, such as modified plaque and gingival index, probing depth, mobility, and radiographic parameters were recorded at baseline (0), 3, 6, and 9 months. Data analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 17 for windows, and the statistical techniques employed were repeated measures analysis of variance, independent sample t-test, and paired sample t-test. RESULTS: Reduction in mean radiographic bone levels (height) was observed on the mesial and distal aspect of the control group in comparison to its baseline at all intervals. In the test group, there was reduction in mean radiographic bone levels on mesial and distal aspect of the implant site in comparison to its baseline till 6-month follow up, however, at 9 month, there was gain in bone level on both mesial and distal aspect of implant. This represents the effectiveness of sodium alendronate in enhancing the bone formation. On comparison, between both groups on mesial and distal aspect of implants, statistically significant differences were observed at 3 and 9 months on mesial and distal aspect, respectively, without any clinical evidence of mobility in the test group. CONCLUSION: Implant site treated with aminobisphosphonate solution represents greater efficacy in enhancing bone formation when used as an irrigant; thus, it is considered beneficial in implant dentistry.

Comparative evaluation of fracture resistance of glass fiber reinforced, carbon, and quartz post in endodontically treated teeth: An in-vitro study.

AIM AND OBJECTIVES: Use of posts improves the physical properties of endodontically-treated teeth. Different post types are developed such as metal, custom-made, carbon, and quartz. The present study was conducted to evaluate the fracture resistance of glass fiber-reinforced, carbon, and quartz post in endodontically-treated teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty extracted human maxillary incisor teeth were decoronated and endodontically treated and equally divided into 4 groups; control, glass fiber-reinforced, carbon, and quartz posts. No post was used in the control group. Post space was prepared and cemented with different posts and subjected to universal testing machine to check fracture resistance. The data were statistically analyzed using t-test and analysis of variance to compare the mean difference between groups (SPSS version 20, IBM). RESULTS: Quartz type of endodontic post showed good fracture resistance compared to carbon and resin-reinforced post. Least resistance was observed in the control group without post. CONCLUSION: Quartz, carbon, and glass fiber-reinforced posts show good resistance to fracture, and hence can be used in endodontically-treated teeth to enhance their strength.

Correlation between Innercanthal Distance and Mesiodistal Width of Maxillary Anterior Teeth in a Thrissur, Kerala, India, Population.

BACKGROUND: Selecting and replacing missing teeth to natural proportions and esthetic preference of a patient in the absence of pre-extraction records is a very challenging task. Although facial analysis and proportions are well discussed in many populations, none exists for the Thrissur, Kerala, population. A prosthodontic rehabilitation for Kerala patients relying on other racial norms may result in dissonant facial proportions. Therefore, the purpose of this study was (1) to evaluate the validity of innercanthal distance as a guide in determining the mesiodistal dimension of six maxillary anterior teeth in a selected Malayalee population in the Thrissur Municipal Corporation area; (2) to check whether innercanthal distance undergoes dynamic changes over time as a result of aging; and (3) to evaluate whether there is a gender difference in the analyzed mean facial and dental proportions in this population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted on 1,200 subjects in the Thrissur Municipal Corporation area. From five wards, 240 subjects were selected, out of which 120 were from the 18 to 25 years age group and 120 from the 40 to 50 years age group. Sixty males and females were selected from each group. The innercanthal distance was measured using a Digital Vernier Caliper, and alginate impressions were made to evaluate the size of maxillary anteriors. The data was analyzed statistically. RESULTS: The study showed that there is a high statistical significance between the innercanthal distance and the mesiodistal width of six maxillary anterior teeth in females (p < 0.01) and no significance in males. There was also dynamic changes in the innercanthal dimension and the mesiodistal width of maxillary anteriors with increase in age (p < 0.001). The difference in the mean of innercanthal distance between the genders was highly statistically significant, but no significance was found between the genders in the mesiodistal width of maxillary anteriors. CONCLUSION: Within the population evaluated, there was a high statistical significance in females between the innercanthal distance and the mesiodistal width of six maxillary anterior teeth, but not for males. Innercanthal dimension was found to undergo dynamic changes as age increases in both males and females, and it was much higher in males than in females. There was no statistical significance in the comparative evaluation of mesiodistal width of maxillary anteriors of males and females in the study. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Teeth selection is a critical step in determining the outcome of successful prosthodontic treatment. No definite guidelines for the selection of maxillary anterior teeth pertaining to the Thrissur, Kerala, population exist. A prosthodontic rehabilitation of Thrissur, Kerala, patients relying on other racial norms will result in dissonant facial proportions. In selecting maxillary anterior teeth, the knowledge of racial norms will help specify certain esthetic and functional modifications in treatment plans, which might be specific to each group. Therefore, there remains an unquestionable need for a scientific and reliable method for maxillary anterior teeth selection, which can be applied on this group of Indian population.

Comparative evaluation of effect of complete denture wears on the flow rate of saliva in both medicated and apparently healthy patients.

AIM AND OBJECTIVES: In the denture wearing people, saliva is necessary to create adhesion, cohesion, and surface tension that ultimately leads to the increased retention of the denture. Medications have some influence on the flow rate of saliva and denture retention. The present study evaluates the effect of complete denture wear on the flow rate of saliva in both medicated and apparently healthy patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The participants were 42 edentulous individuals aged 35-70 years requiring complete denture prostheses. The participants were divided into two groups of medicated and unmedicated. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected at 24 h and 3 months after the insertion of new complete dentures in both the groups. The data obtained were analyzed using Student's paired t-test and unpaired t-test. Intergroup changes were compared with unpaired t-test. Intragroup changes were compared with paired t-test using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 22.0. RESULTS: In the unmedicated group, the mean salivary flow rate was high at 24 h after denture insertion when compared to before denture insertion (P = 0.001 VHS). In the medicated group, the observation was highly significant (P = 0.007 HS) 24 h after denture insertion and after 3 months (P = 0.02 S) when compared to before denture insertion. CONCLUSION: No significant difference in the salivary flow rate was found 3 months after denture insertion when compared to before denture insertion for both the medicated and unmedicated groups.