Assuntos
Vírus da Dengue/imunologia , Dengue/epidemiologia , Surtos de Doenças , Sorogrupo , Adolescente , Adulto , Aedes/fisiologia , Aedes/virologia , Idoso , Animais , Criança , Coinfecção/epidemiologia , Coinfecção/virologia , Estudos Transversais , Dengue/sangue , Dengue/transmissão , Dengue/virologia , Vírus da Dengue/classificação , Vírus da Dengue/isolamento & purificação , Feminino , Humanos , Malásia/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , RNA Viral/química , RNA Viral/isolamento & purificação , Proteínas não Estruturais Virais/imunologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Staphylococcus aureus produces virulence factors, including various exotoxins and adhesins, which are associated with a variety of symptoms caused by its infections. In the present study, the prevalence of these virulence factors was analyzed for 23 S. aureus strains isolated from wound infections in hospitals, nasal swabs, or vomit from patients and cooks in a food poisoning case and from healthy adults in Yangon, Myanmar. Among these strains, five were methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) derived from pus (four strains, SCCmec III, ST239) and a healthy adult (one strain, SCCmec-IVa, ST5). The Panton-Valentine leukocidine (PVL) gene was detected in five methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) clinical strains belonging to ST121 (CC121). The MRSA clinical strains had only a few or no staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) genes, whereas PVL-positive MSSA and an MRSA strain from a healthy adult possessed an enterotoxin gene cluster (seg, sei, sem, sen, seo, and selu). Strains from the food poisoning case had either SE genes or only etd and edin-B. Adhesin genes, which are associated with binding to fibronectin, fibrinogen, and elastin, were detected in all the MRSA and most of the MSSA strains examined. However, the bone sialoprotein-binding protein gene (bbp) and the variant form of the elastin-binding protein gene (ebpS-v) with an internal 180 bp deletion were identified only in the MSSA strains harboring the PVL gene. These findings suggest that those genetic traits are characteristic of PVL-positive ST121 S. aureus strains in Myanmar.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/genética , Meticilina/farmacologia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/epidemiologia , Staphylococcus aureus/genética , Fatores de Virulência/genética , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Proteínas de Bactérias/química , Proteínas de Bactérias/metabolismo , Toxinas Bacterianas/genética , Toxinas Bacterianas/metabolismo , Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana , Sequência de Bases , Proteínas de Transporte/química , Proteínas de Transporte/genética , Proteínas de Transporte/metabolismo , Elastina/metabolismo , Exotoxinas/genética , Exotoxinas/metabolismo , Humanos , Leucocidinas/genética , Leucocidinas/metabolismo , Resistência a Meticilina/genética , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/efeitos dos fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/isolamento & purificação , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/patogenicidade , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Mianmar/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Infecções Estafilocócicas/microbiologia , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus/isolamento & purificação , Staphylococcus aureus/patogenicidade , Fatores de Virulência/química , Fatores de Virulência/metabolismoRESUMO
Group B rotavirus (GBR) is a rare enteric pathogen that causes severe diarrhoea, primarily in adults. Nearly full-length sequences of all 11 RNA segments were determined for human GBRs detected recently in India (IDH-084 in 2007, IC-008 in 2008), Bangladesh (Bang117 in 2003) and Myanmar (MMR-B1 in 2007), and analysed phylogenetically with the sequence data of GBRs reported previously. All RNA segments of GBR strains from India, Bangladesh and Myanmar showed >95 % nucleotide sequence identities. Among the 11 RNA segments, the VP6 and NSP2 genes showed the highest identities (>98 %), whilst the lowest identities were observed in the NSP4 gene (96.1 %), NSP5 gene (95.6 %) and VP8*-encoding region of the VP4 gene (95.9 %). Divergent or conserved regions in the deduced amino acid sequences of GBR VP1-VP4 and NSP1-NSP5 were similar to those in group A rotaviruses (GARs), and the functionally important motifs and structural characteristics in viral proteins known for GAR were conserved in all of the human GBRs. These findings suggest that, whilst the degree of genetic evolution may be dependent on each RNA segment, human GBR may have been evolving in a similar manner to GAR, associated with the similar functional roles of individual viral proteins.
Assuntos
Evolução Molecular , Variação Genética , Genoma Viral , Rotavirus/genética , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Antígenos Virais/genética , Antígenos Virais/metabolismo , Bangladesh/epidemiologia , Proteínas do Capsídeo/genética , Proteínas do Capsídeo/metabolismo , Regulação Viral da Expressão Gênica/fisiologia , Humanos , Índia/epidemiologia , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Mianmar/epidemiologia , Filogenia , Infecções por Rotavirus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Rotavirus/virologiaRESUMO
In Yangon, Myanmar, a human group B rotavirus was first detected in 2007 in a stool specimen from a sporadic case of acute gastroenteritis in an adult. The strain was designated as MMR-B1. The full-length sequences of the MMR-B1 genes encoding VP7, VP4 (VP5* and VP8*), VP6, and NSP4 were determined for genetic characterization. These four MMR-B1 genes showed considerable higher sequence identities (97.2-98.4%) to those of group B rotaviruses detected in India (CAL-1 in 1998) and Bangladesh (Bang373 and Bang544 in 2000 and 2001, respectively) than to those of Chinese strains (90.7-93.6%) (ADRV and WH-1 in 1982 and 2002, respectively). Phylogenetically, the four genes of MMR-B1 were clustered into the Indian-Bangladeshi lineage. Although the deduced amino acid sequences of MMR-B1 were similar to those of strains CAL-1 and Bang373, several amino acids in VP8* were found to be different from those of the group B rotaviruses described previously. The first detection in Myanmar of a human group B rotavirus suggested endemic distribution or expansion of the group B rotavirus of the Indian-Bangladeshi lineage in Southeast Asia.