Extra-cellular matrix rigidity may dictate the fate of injury outcome.

After injury, while regeneration can be observed in hydra, planaria and some vertebrates, regeneration is rare in mammals and particularly in humans. In this paper, we investigate the mechanisms by which biological tissues recover after injury. We explore this question on adipose tissue, using the mathematical framework recently developed in Peurichard et al., J. Theoret. Biol. 429 (2017), pp. 61-81. Our assumption is that simple mechanical cues between the Extra-Cellular Matrix (ECM) and differentiated cells can explain adipose tissue morphogenesis and that regeneration requires after injury the same mechanisms. We validate this hypothesis by means of a two-dimensional Individual Based Model (IBM) of interacting adipocytes and ECM fiber elements. The model successfully generates regeneration or scar formation as functions of few key parameters, and seems to indicate that the fate of injury outcome could be mainly due to ECM rigidity.

Cold climate could be an etiologic factor involved in Raynaud's phenomenon physiopathology. Epidemiological investigation from 954 consultations in general practic.

AIM: The physiopathology of Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) is not currently fully resolved. The cold seems to be not only an important factor triggering attacks, but also inducing RP. The aims of this study were to assess the prevalence of RP in Nantes urban district, and study the relationship between RP prevalence and cold climate. METHODS: Patients aged between 10 and 80 years old, consulting in five Nantes General Practices, from June 2011 and March 2012, were included. Patients presenting RP underwent a full clinical examination. Subjects not meeting Allen and Brown criteria benefited from at least a dosage of Anti-Nuclear Antibodies and a naifold Capillaroscopy. Climate data provided by French national weather agency allowed establishing an average of observed temperatures during the past five years and correlating them to the observed prevalence. RESULTS: Of 954 patients included, 78 had a RP, for an overall prevalence estimated at 8.2%. The prevalence among women (8.9%) was slightly higher than men (7.3%). Secondary form represented 5.1% of RP. In the RP group, 13 patients were active smokers, mean BMI was 22.3±3.2 kg/m², and only 4 patients were treated by vasoconstrictor therapy. According to French national weather agency, between 2007 and 2011, mean temperature of January in Nantes area was 5.8 °C. CONCLUSION: We confirmed that the lower winter temperatures a region experiences, the higher the prevalence of RP, thus raising the question of the physiopathological role of the cold in the induction or in the revelation of RP.

IgA nephropathy: prognostic classification of end-stage renal failure. L'Association des Néphrologues de l'Est.

BACKGROUND: As yet, no clinical or morphological prognostic classification of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) has been generally accepted. The objective of our study was to quantify the risk of developing end-stage renal failure (ESRF) in IgAN. METHODS: We report a prospective longitudinal study of 210 patients with IgAN confirmed by biopsy between 1987 and 1991. Thirty-two (15.2%) patients were lost to follow-up. Mean follow-up after renal biopsy was 5.6 (SD = 2.6) years. The variables included age, gender, illnesses prior to discovery of IgAN, clinical features at IgAN discovery, 24-h proteinuria, serum creatinine, IgA level, and antihypertensive drugs taken at the time of renal biopsy. Sixty-six renal biopsies were classified by light-microscopy according to Lee's morphological classification. The end-point was ESRF. Survival was analysed by a backward and forward stepwise procedure using the Cox model. The most accurate determination of relative risk was obtained by assessing collinearity of the variables. RESULTS: Thirty-three patients (15.7%) (31 men) developed ESRF. The five univariately significant variables: gender, gross haematuria, 24-h proteinuria (24-P), serum creatinine (SC), and antihypertensive treatment, were candidates for multivariate analysis. The final model used SC (< or = 100, 100-150, > 150 mumol/l), 24-P (< 1, > or = 1 g/day) and gender (female vs male) as independent variables (relative risk and 95% confidence interval were 3.5 (2.1, 5.9) for SC; 5.1 (1.9, 13.6) for 24-P; and 3.5 (0.9, 15) for gender). These estimates were used to construct a prognostic classification of ERSF for men with IgAN: stage 1 (SC < or = 150 mumol/l and 24-P < 1 g/day), stage 2 ((SC > 150 mumol/l and 24-P < 1 g/day) or (SC < or = 150 mumol/l and 24-P > or = 1 g/day)); stage 3 (SC > 150 mumol/l and 24-P > or = 1 g/day). The ESRF-free survival was estimated with Kaplan-Meier analysis. It was 98.5% for stage 1, 86.6% for stage 2, 21.3% for stage 3 (P < 0.001), 7 years after histological diagnosis. The validity of Lee's prognostic classification was confirmed using an independent sample. CONCLUSIONS: These classifications identify groups at high risk of ESRF. Therapeutic studies should focus on these groups.

IgA nephropathy in patients over 50 years of age: a multicentre, prospective study.

BACKGROUND: IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is considered as a disease of young men under 30 years of age. Findings on clinical and histological presentation and outcome in older patients have rarely been published. METHODS: In a prospective cohort of IgAN patients, recruited over 3 years, 33 patients over age 50 were compared to 96 patients under age 50, according to clinical and histological findings. Actuarial renal survival rate was studied after a mean post-biopsy follow-up of 41 months. RESULTS: Both groups of patients were comparable at baseline for frequency of proteinuria, microscopic haematuria and gross haematuria, but older patients had a significantly higher incidence of hypertension (65 vs 24%, P<0.01). Time between onset and diagnosis of IgAN was similar in both groups. Proteinuria/day, systolic blood pressure, and serum IgA levels were significantly higher, and Ccr was significantly lower in older patients at the time renal biopsy was performed, but serum creatinine and albumin were not. No difference was observed between the two groups for the presence of glomerular or tubulointerstitial lesions. Only endarteritis was significantly more common in older patients (75 vs 34%, P<0.01). End-stage renal failure (ESRF) was confirmed in five patients over 50 and 17 under 50. Renal actuarial survival curves did not show any significant difference between the two groups, even though the six patients who died were classified as ESRF. CONCLUSIONS: When the histological diagnosis of IgAN was established, factors that carry a poor prognosis, i.e. proteinuria, high blood pressure, and decreased Ccr were more commonly present in patients over 50 than under 50. However, after the completion of a relatively short follow-up period, renal survival was identical in the two study groups. Prolonged follow-up is necessary to confirm this trend.

Epstein-Barr virus lymphoproliferative disease of donor origin after kidney transplantation: a case report.

A case of an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated B lymphoproliferative disorder presented as a renal transplant obstruction is reported. The diagnosis was made from histology, immunohistochemistry, and EBV expression studies. Cytogenetic analysis showed the tumor to be of donor origin and revealed chromosomal translocation 46, XY, inv (1)(p35; q41), involving the EBV insertion site 1(1p35) and transforming growth factor beta 2(1q41) loci.

Giant-cell arteritis of the female genital tract.

A 56-year-old woman with long-lasting fever of unknown origin was diagnosed as having a giant-cell arteritis of the genital tract with no evidence of temporal arteritis. Diagnosis relied on pathological examination, which showed a segmental panarteritis of ovaries, myometrium, endometrium and uterus cervix. Corticosteroid therapy led to clinical cure within a few weeks. Twenty-five cases of giant-cell arteritis of the female genital tract have been published of which only four were associated with temporal arteritis. We recommend that such a diagnosis should be considered in women presenting with long-lasting fever of unknown origin, even in the absence of temporal arteritis and the clinical evidence of genital abnormalities.

Osteoid osteoma of the rib: a case report.

A case of a 6-year-old boy with a painful dorsal scoliosis secondary to an osteoid osteoma in a rib is described. Surgical excision was performed and the scoliosis decreased. Such cases are very rare.

[Extracapillary and necrotizing glomerulonephritis without immunoglobulin deposits: clinical presentation, prognostic factors and response to treatment. Apropos of 42 cases]. / Glomérulonéphrite extracapillaire et nécrosante sans dépôt d'immunoglobulines: présentations cliniques, facteurs pronostiques et réponse au traitement. A propos de 42 cas.

Forty-two cases of pauci-immune necrotizing glomerulonephritis were reviewed on a 10 years period. Selection was exclusively based on histological criteria, i.e. at least one elementary lesion of extracapillary proliferation and/or glomerular necrosis, without immunoglobulin deposits. Mean age was 56. Thirty per cent of patients presented with normal or non-worsening renal function. At least one extra-renal sign was present in 66% of patients. ANCA were found in 9/20 cases. Death occurred in 12 patients. Age over 60 and oligo anuria were the most predictive factors for the fatal outcome. Half of the patients were on dialysis at the end of their follow-up. The renal function at presentation was the main predictive variable for renal outcome. Severe tubular necrosis was associated with a poorer renal evolution whereas treatment with cyclophosphamide led to frequent improvement in this retrospective study.

Cystic degeneration in non-ossifying fibroma.

Two unusual cases of non-ossifying fibromas in boys of 4 years with partial cystic degeneration are presented. The osseous cavities did not respond to corticosteroids.

[Drug-induced pulmonary diseases: diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic aspects. Apropos of 10 personal case reports]. / Pneumopathies médicamenteuses. Modalités diagnostiques, thérapeutiques et pronostiques. A propos de 10 observations personnelles.

The authors report ten cases of drug induced lung diseases, complicated by respiratory failure of whom five were attributed to cytotoxic drugs and five to non cytotoxic drugs. The drug induced lung disease presented as acute respiratory distress syndrome in two cases, alveolar interstitial lung disease in three cases, purely interstitial in five cases. There was acute respiratory failure (ARF) in eight cases and chronic respiratory failure (CRF) in two cases. Among the five patients admitted for cytotoxic drug induced lung disease and ARF, four recovered and one died of diffuse destructive pulmonary fibrosis. Among the five patients having non cytotoxic drug induced lung disease, three were in ARF and recovered. The other two had CRF and died of diffuse pulmonary fibrosis. The diagnostic of drug induced lung disease was established in each case with the chronology of the clinical events, the exclusion of other possible causes of the lung disease and the evolution after removal of the incriminated drug. Broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) had a major diagnostic value. It was contraindicated by respiratory failure in five cases. The predominant alveolar cell type was lymphocyte (four cases), eosinophil (three cases) and neutrophil (one case), BAL was realized with a provocation test and demonstrated the pathogenic role of cyclothiazide in one case. No specific information was given by histology. The prognosis did not seem to be linked to the severity of the initial clinical picture, or to the nature of the underlying neoplastic disorder, but to the degree and evolution of the pulmonary fibrosis.

[Eosinophilic cystitis in children]. / La cystite à éosinophiles chez l'enfant.

In a 4-year-old boy, cystitis in a pseudotumoral form with left ureterohydronephrosis wa discovered on the occasion of repeated urinary infections. Several biopsies were required to rule out a malignant tumor, and they showed that this condition was an eosinophilic cystitis. Healing was obtained with an anti-bilharzial treatment, although this child did not suffer form bilharziasis. A few similar cases were found in the literature. We note that the diagnosis is usually not established before biopsy, but the association of repeated urinary infections and of a vesical pseudotumoral syndrome with ureteral obstruction must lead to suggesting it, especially if the first biopsy does not reveal any tumor.

[Histological and immunohistochemical diagnosis of bone marrow metastases of neuroblastomas]. / Diagnostic histologique et immunohistochimique des métastases ostéomédullaires des neuroblastomes.

A retrospective, morphological and immunochemical study was performed on 60 bone marrow biopsies (BOM) and 12 tumor specimens surgically excised, from 9 patients with neuroblastoma (NB). Immunochemistry concerned "neuron-specific enolase" (NSE), chromogranin A (CGA) and synaptophysin (SP). The results of immunochemical stains and the study of reticulin network on the argentic stain were compared to the results of morphological evaluation on the routine stain. NSE, CGA and SP staining of tumor cells (part or all of them) was obtained from all surgical specimens. 17/75 BOM (20%) were discarded because of poor material. NB cells were observed in 24 BOM from 3 patients. Tumor cells formed large strands (1 patient) or nests (2 patients) associated with segregated cells. Diagnosis of metastatic BM involvement was negative or doubtful for 6 BOM (3 obtained at the same time, 2 patients), in which NB cells were clearly demonstrated by immunochemical staining of NSE and/or CGA. Reticulin and/or collagen myelofibrosis was present in 32/35 BOM from the 3 patients metastatic in bone marrow (BM+) even if NB cells could not be demonstrated in these samples.