Novel Endourological technique for a better navigation in incontinent urinary diversion (ileal conduit) during Double J stent removal.

Introduction: Assessing ileal conduit for double J stents removal after radical cystectomy is not always a straightforward task as navigation inside the ileal loop can be challenging to manage due to the difficulty to maintain a waterfilled environment and its long and tortuous aspect. Methods: We present a novel technique using a flexible ureteroscope that aims to ease this common demand with simple and readily available tools. Results: This technique has been successfully utilized in 2 patients now. No complications were documented. Conclusion: We propose a novel surgical technique to improve endoscopic navigation in incontinent ileal loop urinary diversion.

Incontinence after laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: a reverse systematic review

ABSTRACT Purpose: To report the prevalence of the definitions used to identify post-prostatectomy incontinence (PPI) after laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP), and to compare the rates of PPI over time under different criteria. Materials and Methods: In the period from January 1, 2000, until December 31, 2017, we used a recently described methodology to perform evidence acquisition called reverse systematic review (RSR). The continence definition and rates were evaluated and compared at 1, 3, 6, 12, and >18 months post-operative. Moreover, the RSR showed the "natural history" of PPI after LRP. Results: We identified 353 review articles in the systematized search, 137 studies about PPI were selected for data collection, and finally were included 203 reports (nr) with 51.436 patients. The most used criterion of continence was No pad (nr=121; 59.6%), the second one was Safety pad (nr=57; 28.1%). A statistically significant difference between continence criteria was identified only at >18 months (p=0.044). From 2013 until the end of our analysis, the Safety pad and Others became the most reported. Conclusion: RSR revealed the "natural history" of PPI after the LRP technique, and showed that through time the Safety pad concept was mainly used. However, paradoxically, we demonstrated that the two most utilized criteria, Safety pad and No pad, had similar PPI outcomes. Further effort should be made to standardize the PPI denomination to evaluate, compare and discuss the urinary post-operatory function.

Is extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) still suitable for >1.5 cm intrarenal stones? Data analysis of 1902 SWLs.

PURPOSE: According to the American Urological Association and European Association of Urology guidelines, shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) is the least-invasive treatment option for kidney stones smaller than 2 cm. However, it is well known that SWL stone-free rates (SFR) decline as stone size increases. We sought to evaluate whether the size limit of 1.5 cm could be a better predictor of success after a single SWL session than current recommendations. METHODS: Data from an SWL-dedicated center were prospectively scrutinized according to stone locations and sizes. Information on patients' demography, lithotripsy parameters, and outcomes was evaluated by multivariate analysis among 1902 SWLs. RESULTS: The overall SFR was 70.8% (1347/1902). SFRs according to stone size were <1 cm: 73.8% (825/1118), 1-1.5 cm: 70.4% (401/569) and >1.5 cm: 56.2% (121/215); and according to calculi location were lower pole (LP) 64.4% (398/618), mid pole 73.8% (339/459), upper pole 73.8% (273/370) and renal pelvis 74.1% (337/455). Multivariate analysis revealed better SFR independent better SFR in <1.5 cm (p < 0.01), and non-LP stones (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: SWL is an effective treatment modality for kidney stones. The single session reached up to 74.8% SFRs (range 70.8%-74.8%) when indicated for intrarenal non LP stones smaller than 1.5 cm. Patients with stones >1.5 cm or >1 cm located in the LP should be counseled on the lower SFRs after a single SWL session.

Prediction of stone-free rates following extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy in a contemporary cohort of patients with stone densities exceeding 1000 HU.

Purpose: Nephrolithiasis is a common urologic problem, and its incidence is increasing. Shockwave Lithotripsy (SWL) has better results for patients with stones < 1000 HU. We attempted to identify SWL stone-free (SF) predictors for > 1000 HU stones.Methods: From January 2013 to September 2019, patient shared decision consecutive SWL for the treatment of a single > 1000 HU renal stone diagnosed by non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT). Endpoints: Fragmentation and SF or clinically insignificant residual fragments ≤ 4 mm at 4 weeks. Age, gender, stone side, location, size and density, number and average energy (Joules) of shocks were explored on uni- and multivariate regression analysis.Results: All sixty-one patients included were diagnosed with renal stone between 5 and 20 mm (maximum length) and underwent one SWL session only: 62.3% males, median age 48 (21-80) years, mean stone size 9.43 ± 2.9 mm (6.0-20.0), mean density 1210 ± 135 HU (1000-1558). There were 39 (63.9%) cases of SF, 16 (26.2%) of partial success and six (9.8%) of no success. Stone size was the only independent predictor of fragmentation, OR = 1.83, 95% CI = 1.32-2.55, p = 0.0003, and SF OR = 1.91, 95% CI = 1.31-2.78, p = 0.008. The best discriminatory stone size on ROC analysis was 1 cm.Conclusion: Stone size was the only significant success predictor in our cohort, with 76% SF rate for stones < 1 cm in 4 weeks follow-up, supporting that renal stones > 1000 HU may be suitable to SWL.

Biopsy core length in white versus African descendant prostate cancer patients.

Objective: To explore whether distinct prostate cancer (PCa) prognoses between ethnicities could be explained by diverse characteristics in the prostate biopsy.Methods: Clinical, prostate biopsy and surgical single-institution data of whites and African descendants with similar access to the health system who underwent radical prostatectomy whole gland histopathology within 60 days after biopsy from 2010 to 2011 and followed for 5 years minimum were compared.Results: Among 203 included patients, 153 (75.4%) were whites and 50 (24.6%) were African descendants. The mean patients' age was 63.7 (± 6.8) years. Digital rectal examination (DRE) was suspected of cancer in 45.2% of the patients. The prostate biopsy core length was smaller in African descendants than in whites, overall 11.0 ± 3.2 vs 12.0 ± 2.9 mm, p = 0.037, and without neoplasia, 10.4 ± 3.8 vs 11.7 ± 3.1 mm, p = 0.038, respectively. Also, suspicious DRE showed smaller biopsy core length, overall 11.1 ± 3.2 mm vs 12.4 ± 2.6, p = 0.003, cancer positive 12.0 ± 4.8 mm vs 13.3 ± 3.7, p = 0.022 and negative 10.6 ± 3.6 mm vs 12.2 ± 3.0, p = 0.002. On 81 months median follow-up, more African descendants were lost to follow-up (10%, n = 5 vs 3.9%, n = 6) and the biochemical recurrence rate was the same between the groups (33.3%).Conclusion: In a PCa population with similar access to the health system, prostate biopsy core length in African descendant men is significantly smaller than in whites. This finding is new and may add to the controversial argument of PCa having a worse prognosis in African descendant patients.

Are 10-, 10-12-, or > 12-mm prostate biopsy core quality control cutoffs reasonable?

PURPOSE: To explore the role of prostate biopsy core length on prediction of index tumor clinical significance and localization on radical prostatectomy (RP) and time to recurrence, hypothesizing 10-, 10-12-, or > 12-mm minimum core as potential biopsy quality control. METHODS: Assessed 2424 prostate biopsy cores and corresponding RP of 202 patients submitted to the first set of 12 cores prostate biopsy between 2010 and 2015. Analyzed biopsy core length, age, prostate volume (PV), free and total PSA ratio, PSA density, RP index tumor clinical significance, extension, localization, surgical margins, and cancer control. Prostate biopsy confronted to surgical specimens defined Gleason grade-grouping system (1-5) agreement. RESULTS: Median age was 63.7 years, PSA 10.1 ng/dl, PSA density 28%, and mean follow-up 5 years. Recurrence was identified in 64 (31.7%) patients and predicted by PSA > 10 at time of diagnosis (p = 0.008), seminal vesicle invasion (p = 0.0019), core tumor percentage (p = 0.033), and tumor localization predominantly in the prostate base (p = 0017). The mean core length was longer in index tumor positive cores (p = 0.043) and in tumors classified as clinically insignificant (p = 0.011), without impact on tumor localization (basal vs apical p = 0.592; left vs. right p = 0.320). Biopsy core length categories (≤ 10, 10-12 and > 12 mm) did not significantly impact Gleason grade-grouping agreement or time to recurrence (p > 0.05). Core length was not significantly different in all Gleason grade-groupings 1-5 (p = 0.312). CONCLUSION: Prostate biopsy core length impacts tumor characterization; however, 10 mm minimum core length and even 10-12- and > 12-mm categories failed as a biopsy quality control in our data.

Disfunção erétil / Erectile dysfunction

Uma grande revolução no tratamento da disfunção erétil, especialmente após o desenvolvimento dos inibidores da 5-fosfodiesterase (F-PDE), modificou a história da sexualidade, refletindo sobretudo na população de difícil tratamento (diabetes mellitus, prostatectomizados por câncer). Respeitando a estratégia de tratamento, os pacientes devem ser estimulados a experimentar todos os tipos de inibidores da 5-PDE disponíveis. Na falha da farmacoterapia oral ou quando houver contraindicação a ela, dever-se-á considerar a injeção intracavernosa e, finalmente, implante cirúrgico de prótese peniana.

A Universidade colaborando na construção de um projeto de promoção da saúde: relato de experiência de um grupo de alunos de Medicina da Unicamp, Campinas, SP, Brasil / The university collaborating in the construction of a health promotion project: report on an experience of a group of Medical Students at Unicamp, Campinas, SP, Brazil

Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de oferecer aos estudantes de graduação em Medicina da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp) a vivência de ações de saúde pública, segundo princípios do Sistema Unico de Saúde (SUS), por meio da elaboração de um projeto coletivo de promoção da saúde ocular de crianças de 0 a 7 anos. Para isto, foi aplicado um questionário para levantar as necessidades em relação à saúde ocular em uma amostra da população usuária do Centro de Saúde Jardim Santa Mônica em Campinas (SP), em 2003. Nele, percebeu-se a falta de informações sobre cuidados básicos com os olhos e de recursos e qualificação profissional para diagnóstico e tratamento, bem como o desconhecimento dos direitos à saúde e a ausência de medidas preventivas, principalmente para crianças. Foi desenvolvido, então, um projeto de ação e aprendizado com alunos, professores, agentes comunitários de saúde e auxiliares de uma creche do bairro, formando uma equipe de trabalho. Foram realizadas oficinas com essa equipe, na perspectiva da promoção e proteção da saúde ocular. Para a sustentabilidade do projeto, o planejamento previu a criação de um banco de óculos para a doação de armações e garantia da confecção para as pessoas com dificuldades financeiras. A experiência da construção e da aplicação do projeto permitiu o conhecimento, na prática, da organização dos serviços e a dinâmica do sistema de saúde, inclusive para compreender alguns limites e sugerir políticas públicas de saúde ocular que correspondam às necessidades da população, apontando-se o papel do médico no desencadeamento de um trabalho coletivo de compartilhamento de saberes e responsabilidades.

The goal of this project was to promote eye health and provide eye care to children from 0 to 7 years of age and to offer to medical students of Unicamp the possibility of participating in practice in a public health action carried out according to the principles of the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS - Sistema Unico de Saúde). In 2003, a questionnaire was applied to a sample of users of the Jardim Santa Mônica Health Care Center in Campinas, SP. Analysis of the data there obtained revealed some deficiencies in the promotion of eye health such as lack of information about basic eye care, lack of resources for treatment, lack of information about the right to care by the Unified Health System and the absence of any preventive measures, mainly for children. Thus, a project was developed offering workshops for students, teachers, community health agents and personnel from a neighborhood nurser y-school to enable them to act as multipliers of the obtained knowledge and to initiate a process of awareness building. A spectacle bank was created in order to grant the sustainability of the project, offering the confection of eye glasses with frames donated by the population and lenses offered by the city government and some optic stores to needed persons. Through this experience the medical students could obtain some practical knowledge about the organization of health services and the dynamics of the health system, enabling them to understand some limitations and to suggest public eye health policies meeting the needs of the population. A closer study of this project shows not only how important this kind of action is for the most needed segments of society but also the role a doctor can play as someone able to convince people to go for their rights.