Implications of circular economy, digitalization and technological innovation to achieve sustainable environmental goal: Pre and post-vision 2030.

The current study contributes to the existing literature by constructing a digitalization index to investigate the significance of digitalization in controlling the environmental footprint. Moreover, the dataset is divided into pre-Vision 2030 and post-Vision 2030 implementation to scrutinize the progress of Saudi Vision 2030 to counter the environmental challenges. Vision 2030 is a strategic framework to reduce Saudi Arabia's dependence on oil, diversify its economy, and develop public service sectors such as health, education, infrastructure, recreation, and tourism. The findings have documented the negative coefficients for post-Vision 2030 and post-COVID-19 estimations, reflecting that a significant digitalization increase is useful for controlling the environmental externalities in Saudi Arabia. In the case of post-Vision 2030, the role of environmental technology turns out to be significant and negative, but with a lower magnitude. The study results are useful for drawing significant environmental policies through enhancing the digitalization parameters and advancement of technology.

The prospect of green hydrogen in Saudi Arabia: an overview of theoretical and empirical approach.

Saudi Arabia is in a great position to create low-cost green hydrogen to diversify the economy and assist other nations in meeting carbon emission reduction targets due to the abundance of renewable energy sources, including solar and wind. The country may achieve this by becoming a leader in green hydrogen exports. The current research explores the prospects of green hydrogen production in the Saudi Arabia to demonstrate the current stage of hydrogen production in these countries. Previous studies checked renewable energy and carbon emissions nexus; however, in this study, hydrogen-based energy indicators are used for the first time. Also, contrary to the secondary data, forecasted data is used in this study. Through autoregressive distributive lag model is applied on Saudi Arabian data from 2020 to 2050. Results show that blue natural gas is significantly and positively related to carbon emission in the long run. Also, the relationship between green renewable energy and carbon emission is significant and negative and long and short run.

Emerging trends of green hydrogen and sustainable environment in the case of Australia.

The world faces immense pressure regarding the negative impacts of increased greenhouse gas emissions, climate change, global warming, droughts, and many other environmental problems. Australia is also facing the same issues and requires urgent attention. In this research, we have examined the effect of hydrogen firms on Australia's greenhouse gas emissions. We employed the monthly data from January 2002 to December 2021 for econometric estimations. Through quantile regression, it is noted that the expansion of hydrogen firms contributes to environmental pollution instead of controlling the emissions. Most hydrogen energy still emits carbon dioxide, which contributes to climate change. Around the world, carbon-containing fossil fuels produce more than 95% of hydrogen energy. However, as a policy suggestion, it is recommended that green hydrogen produced by electrolysis of water using renewable energy sources will succeed in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

Relevance of oil price, military expenditure and exports to achieve the Saudi Arabian sustainable economic and environmental objectives: a non-linear ARDL approach.

This study investigates the economic and environmental issues of Saudi Arabia, a net exporter of crude oil mainly relying on oil exports, which faces economic crises due to the decline in oil prices. For this purpose, we highlighted the main challenges of the Saudi economy, such as oil price shocks and a significant increase in military expenditures. The economic and environmental issues are vital for the country's development and sustainability. Saudi Arabia is a major exporter of fossil fuels, which threatens its long-term economic growth due to the global transition towards renewables. Also, heavy dependence on fossil fuels is deteriorating the environment as well. On account of this, we extended the Solow growth model by augmenting oil prices, military expenditure, and exports. Similarly, the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bound testing approach is used to find the long-term as well as the short-term nexus between variables. The study provides innovative findings regarding the country's role in oil price fluctuations, exports, and heavy military expenditures. In the short run, higher oil prices are increasing the economic process. In the long run, higher oil prices have a significant and negative impact. Military expenditure and exports have a significant and positive relationship with economic growth in the case of long-run analysis. For carbon emissions, the rise in oil prices helps reduce carbon emissions. In comparison, higher exports are also responsible for carbon emissions. The study proposes innovative and fruitful policies regarding the economic prosperity of Saudi Arabia, such as increasing the military expenditure to maintain peace in the region and increasing the exports of oil products, as well as non-oil products, to have shelter from oil price shocks.

Empirical Evidence of Environmental Technologies, Renewable Energy and Tourism to Minimize the Environmental Damages: Implication of Advanced Panel Analysis.

The motivation behind this research is to investigate the determinants of the ecological footprint in MENA countries and find appropriate solutions. We updated the STIRPAT model and applied sophisticated panel techniques to data from 1996 to 2020. According to the findings, economic expansion along with urbanization and tourism is to blame for these countries' huge environmental footprints. In addition, when it comes to environmental degradation remedies, environmental innovation and the use of renewable energy play an important role in minimizing these environmental externalities. The results of post Saudi Vison 2030 analysis confirmed the significance of urban population and renewable energy in minimizing the environmental footprint. In light of the findings, it is advised that policymakers should revise the legislative framework to attract not only private sector investment, but also foreign investment to utilize the full potential of renewable energy generation.

Empirical relationship between creativity and carbon intensity: a case of OPEC countries.

This article attempts to examine the role of creativity on carbon intensity in case of Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) countries. The panel estimation techniques are used for annual data for the period of 1990-2018. The empirical evidence affirms that patent rights and innovation act as a policy factor in controlling carbon intensity, i.e. creativity leads to energy-efficient and environment friendly society. However, innovations have higher magnitude compared to patent. Contrarily, urbanization and economic growth are the key determinants in enhancing carbon intensity, while renewable energy has insignificant impact on carbon intensity. The empirical analysis, especially for creativity, can add practical implications for related authorities in controlling carbon intensity and improving energy efficiency.

The Impact of Sustainable Growth and Sustainable Environment on Public Health: A Study of GCC Countries.

The current study investigates the impact of economic growth, carbon emission, temperature, and environmental technology on public health in GCC countries. Panel data from 1990 to 2020 is used, and the panel unit root test is used to check the stationarity of the data. After cointegration analysis, the ARDL estimation technique checks the long-run and short-run association between variables. The results have proved that economic growth enhances exposure to PM2.5 and mortality but helps in increasing life expectancy. Likewise, carbon emission also enhances exposure to PM2.5 and mortality but improves life expectancy. As far as temperature is concerned, although it increases the exposure to PM2.5, it also increases life expectancy. It is also found that environmental technology enhances exposure to PM2.5. For policy implication, the study reports that investment in research and development and modifications the energy mix are key measures to enhance the public health in GCC countries.