Suggestibility, Facebook use and relationship with substance addictive behaviors.

OBJECTIVE: Several health issues related to the us of social networking sites (SNS) are documented. One concept that is not clearly studied is suggestibility as the tendency of a person to accept and internalize communication. The aim of the study is to test a model in which suggestibility of people can predict SNS use, which in turn can predict substance use. METHODS: Participants answered a questionnaire measuring suggestibility, alcohol consumption, dependence to nicotine and Facebook use. Linear regression and a structural equation model (SEM) were carried out to assess which utilization of Facebook variables explained best the level of alcohol consumption or nicotine dependence and to assess how suggestibility predicted Facebook use. RESULTS: Linear regression analyses indicate that only the number of friends on Facebook is a predictor of the level of alcohol consumption (P<0.001). Suggestibility predict the frequency of Facebook use (P<0.001) and of the number of friends on Facebook (P=0.022). The SEM demonstrates that participants with a higher level of suggestibility have more friends on the SNS, which can influence substance consumption. CONCLUSION: Individuals' level of suggestibility affects Facebook use. People with a higher level of suggestibility are more likely to have many friends on the SNS resulting in a possible environmental influence on substance use.

Prognosis of isolated congenital diaphragmatic hernia using lung-area-to-head-circumference ratio: variability across centers in a national perinatal network.

OBJECTIVE: Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a severe anomaly. The observed-to-expected lung-area-to-head-circumference ratio (o/e-LHR) has been shown to provide a useful prediction of subsequent survival of fetuses with CDH in referral centers with expertise and a large caseload. However, the accuracy of o/e-LHR measurements in general fetal medicine units with less expertise is not well known. The aim of this study was to evaluate the capacity of o/e-LHR to provide a useful prediction of mortality of fetuses with CDH when the measurement is performed in fetal medicine units with different levels of expertise. METHODS: Between January 2008 and November 2013, 305 live births with expectantly managed left-sided isolated CDH were recorded in the database of the French National Center for Rare Diseases (31 centers) and followed up after birth. Centers were grouped into two categories according to their mean annual CDH caseload over the study period: large centers with an average of ≥ 14 cases and smaller centers with < 14 cases per year. The relationship between o/e-LHR and 28-day and 6-month mortality was modeled using fractional polynomials and the predictive value of o/e-LHR was quantified using the area under the receiver-operating characteristics curve. Comparisons between the two center categories were carried out. Analyses were adjusted for potential confounders such as thoracic herniation of the liver and gestational age at birth and at diagnosis. RESULTS: During the study period, two large centers managed a total of 82 CDH cases and 29 smaller centers a total of 223 CDH cases. Overall, there was a significant inverse relationship between 28-day mortality rate and o/e-LHR, which decreased from 54% when o/e-LHR was 20% to 6% when o/e-LHR was 75% (P < 0.01). When the category of center was considered, adjusted associations between o/e-LHR and 28-day mortality were significantly different (P = 0.032) between large and smaller centers. The ability to predict survival at 28 days postpartum based on o/e-LHR was better in large centers; for a specificity of 0.30, the sensitivity was 0.71 in large centers and 0.55 in smaller ones. The results were similar for 6-month mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that o/e-LHR measured on two-dimensional ultrasound is a good indicator of neonatal prognosis in cases of CDH that may be used even in fetal medicine centers with a small caseload. However, our results also suggest that LHR measurement may be difficult to perform correctly. Therefore, appropriate training should be offered to professionals. Copyright © 2017 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Registered Replication Report: Rand, Greene, and Nowak (2012).

In an anonymous 4-person economic game, participants contributed more money to a common project (i.e., cooperated) when required to decide quickly than when forced to delay their decision (Rand, Greene & Nowak, 2012), a pattern consistent with the social heuristics hypothesis proposed by Rand and colleagues. The results of studies using time pressure have been mixed, with some replication attempts observing similar patterns (e.g., Rand et al., 2014) and others observing null effects (e.g., Tinghög et al., 2013; Verkoeijen & Bouwmeester, 2014). This Registered Replication Report (RRR) assessed the size and variability of the effect of time pressure on cooperative decisions by combining 21 separate, preregistered replications of the critical conditions from Study 7 of the original article (Rand et al., 2012). The primary planned analysis used data from all participants who were randomly assigned to conditions and who met the protocol inclusion criteria (an intent-to-treat approach that included the 65.9% of participants in the time-pressure condition and 7.5% in the forced-delay condition who did not adhere to the time constraints), and we observed a difference in contributions of -0.37 percentage points compared with an 8.6 percentage point difference calculated from the original data. Analyzing the data as the original article did, including data only for participants who complied with the time constraints, the RRR observed a 10.37 percentage point difference in contributions compared with a 15.31 percentage point difference in the original study. In combination, the results of the intent-to-treat analysis and the compliant-only analysis are consistent with the presence of selection biases and the absence of a causal effect of time pressure on cooperation.

[Anal sphincter injury during operative vaginal delivery using spatulas. What are the risk factors?]. / Lésions périnéales sévères liées à une extraction fœtale par spatules. Quels facteurs de risques ?

OBJECTIVE: To assess risk factors for anal sphincter injury during operative vaginal delivery using spatulas. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A monocentric retrospective study of all assisted vaginal deliveries using Thierry and Teissier's spatulas between January 1st, 2008 and December 31st, 2009 in a teaching level III maternity. We studied risk factors such as primiparity, gestational age, maternal age, previous perineal laceration, level and type of presentation, type of expulsion, unsuccessful extraction and successive use of tools, episiotomy, type of anaesthesia and birth weight. RESULTS: There were 346 perineal tears (60.5%); among them, 175 (31%) were type 1, 131 (23%) type 2, 35 (6.1%) type 3 and five (0.9%) type 4. There were 235 episiotomy (41.1%). There was no statistically significant difference between all the supposed risk factors and the severe perineal tears. CONCLUSION: There are no relationship between third and fourth degree perineal lesions during spatula's delivery and supposed risk factors of anal sphincter injury. Only statistical tendances between first vaginal delivery and anal sphincter injury and between occipitosacral delivery and anal sphincter injury were found. We need further randomized studies comparing assisted births using spatulas, forceps and vacuum extractors to better assess perineal tears risk factors.

[Introducing marketing strategies and techniques into the field of voluntary blood donation, to meet the rise in blood demand]. / Techniques du marketing au service de la fidélisation des donneurs.

Social marketing uses marketing principles and techniques to induce a target audience to voluntary accept, reject, change or abandon a behaviour for the benefit of individuals, groups, or society as a whole. Thus, individual or societal gain is the primary goal of social marketing. This kind of marketing is frequently used in the United States or in Canada in several fields such as healthcare, social work, or the environment. In 2008, we introduced these strategies and techniques in the field of blood donation in France. This article describes what has been achieved in the last three years and outlines the main steps in the social marketing planning process: analyzing the social marketing environment, defining target audiences and objectives, building and implementing strategies and action plans, evaluating and monitoring. On the way to self-sufficiency, while respecting donors, social marketing is additional to the work done by the blood collection staffs, communication teams, and volunteers. Social marketing is a complementary tool to the work done by the blood collection staff, communication teams and blood donation organizations and can help to meet the challenge of self-sufficiency while still allowing for the privacy and rights of donors.

[Laparoscopic cervico-isthmic cerclage evaluation]. / Evaluation du cerclage isthmique par voie coelioscopique.

OBJECTIVE: The transabdominal cervico-isthmic cerclage could to be proposed in case of failure of vaginal cerclage, 2nd trimester fetal losses and cervical defects. The efficiency of the laparoscopic approach, more recently described, has to be demonstrated for the prevention of obstetrical accident. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This study is a retrospective monocentric evaluation of 14 laparoscopic cervico-isthmic cerclages performed with Benson modified technique before pregnancy between 2005 and 2007. Previous obstetrical accidents, etiology of cervical incompetence and patient outcome after cerclage were compared. RESULTS: Median age of the patients was 33.5 years; 93% had previous fetal losses or preterm delivery and 42.9% had failure of Mac Donald cerclages. The indication of laparoscopic cervico-isthmic cerclage was Mac Donald cerclage failure (six cases), and eight cases of anatomic incompatibility of Mac Donald cerclage. Mean duration of laparoscopic cervico-isthmic cerclage was 45 minutes. All patients were hospitalized on an outpatient basis. No operative complication was reported. Six women were pregnant after cerclage: five deliveries by caesarean section at term, and one first trimester foetal loss. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The cervico-isthmic cerclage can be easily performed by laparoscopy. The indications are strictly the same as cervico-isthmic cerclages by laparotomy. Increasing the number of term deliveries and the obstetrical outcome of these patients, the efficiency of the cervico-isthmic cerclage by laparoscopy is demonstrated.

Religious affiliation and social commitment as determinants of moral attitudes in the prevention of AIDS or the fight against poverty.

The present study is an analysis of the effect of religious affiliation and social commitment on moral attitudes in the fight against acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or the fight against poverty. French citizens (N = 284) who either belonged to the Roman Catholic church or were without religious affiliation, who were committed to the prevention of AIDS or to the fight against poverty, completed a 9-item scale drawn from R. C. Katz, J. Santman, and P. Lonero's (1994) Morally Debatable Behaviors Scale-Revised. Results indicated that the responses were significantly affected by the religious affiliation and beliefs of respondents: Roman Catholics expressed less moral tolerance than nonreligious respondents. An interaction between commitment and religious belief showed that Roman Catholics committed to the fight against AIDS were less tolerant of illegal conduct than those committed to the fight against poverty, whereas no difference appeared between nonreligious respondents. No gender effect appeared.

Social judgment of abortion: a black-sheep effect in a Catholic sheepfold.

French Catholic participants (N = 340) with high or low religious identification read 1 of 8 scenarios presented as an interview with a female target 2 months after she had had an abortion. The experimental device varied situational pressure (pressure vs. no pressure), the target's religious social identity (Catholic vs. neutral), and the consequences of abortion for the target (positive vs. negative). The participants then rated the acceptability of the target's decision. The participants judged abortion more negatively in the no-pressure condition. Moreover, the participants with high religious identification judged abortion more negatively than did those with low religious identification. In partial support of a black-sheep effect, the participants with high religious identification judged the Catholic target more negatively than they judged the neutral one in some conditions (pressure, negative consequences). In other conditions (no pressure, both positive and negative consequences), the participants with low religious identification judged the Catholic target more positively than they judged the neutral one.

The 1999 Balkan war: changes in ratings of values and prowar attitudes among French students.

This study investigated the association of Kosovo's 1999 war with a value rating of 56 female French students and links between values evaluated at two times (before and during the war) and attitudes towards the Balkan war. Subjects completed a survey of 15 values by means of a 9-point Likert-type scale one month before the beginning of the Balkan war (Time 1) and during the war, 3 mo. later (Time 2). Attitude towards the war was also measured by means of a 4-item scale completed at Time 2. Analysis indicated two slight unpredicted shifts: Universalism and Stimulation value-types were rated higher at Time 2 than at Time 1. Moreover, two value-types were consistently correlated both at Times 1 and 2 with prowar attitudes: conformity (r = .29 and .27) and universalism (r = -.29 and -.43). This latter result, consistent with our hypothesis, suggested that individuals' values represent modest but significant correlates of prowar attitudes.