Human Responses in Public Health Emergencies for Infectious Disease Control: An Overview of Controlled Topologies for Biomedical Applications.

COVID-19 originated in Wuhan city of Hubei Province in China in December three years ago. Since then, it has spread to more than 210 countries and territories. This disease is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2. The virus has a size of one to two nanometers and a single-stranded positive RNA. Droplets spread the virus from coughing and sneezing. This condition causes coughing, fever, acute respiratory problems, and even death. According to the WHO, the virus can survive outside the body for several hours. This research aimed to determine how environmental factors influenced the COVID-19 virus's survival and behavior, as well as its transmission, in a complex environment. Based on the results, virus transmissions are influenced by various human and environmental factors such as population distribution, travel, social behavior, and climate change. Environmental factors have not been adequately examined concerning the transmission of this epidemic. Thus, it is necessary to examine various aspects of prevention and control of this disease, including its effects on climate and other environmental factors.

Numerical Simulation of Magnetic Drug Targeting to the Stenosis Vessel Using Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanoparticles Under the Effect of Magnetic Field of Wire.

PURPOSE: In the present paper, the magnetic drug targeting using drug coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles to the stenosis region of the vessel was investigated. The problem was solved for various magnetic numbers. Moreover, the effect of the location of the wire, as a magnetic source, on the MDT was studied. METHODS: The governing equations of continuity, momentum and volume fraction were solved by taking into account the effects of kelvin force and magnetophoresis. Finite volume method is used for discretization of unsteady two-phase flow equations. RESULTS: In low magnetic numbers, the most important phenomenon is the gradual formation of drug droplet on the location of the wire. The drug drop holds the drug near the target tissue for a long time and has a positive role in the MDT as a source of drug over time. Also, in high magnetic numbers, the amount of drug in the tissue is also high at the time of the formation of the droplet. However, the number of vortices formed in the flow increases, and this leads to get the target further away from the tissue. Two main phenomena of drug droplet formation and vortices generation were observed as positive and negative factors in MDT, respectively. The results showed that in a specific magnetic number, the MDT function could be optimal. If the wire is located in the upstream region of the stenosis, it will have a small positive effect on the concentration of the drug in the target tissue.

Modeling and sensitivity analysis of NOx emissions and mechanical efficiency for diesel engine.

This paper involves discovering effective and better reaction of the diesel engine at various velocities by having ideal values in a short period. Therefore, gene expression programming is used for modeling and presenting governing expression for the related factors. The effective parameters consist of engine speed, intake air temperature, rate of air over fuel, fuel mass, NOx emission, mechanical efficiency, and immediate infusion diesel engine used as a part of demonstrating. Gene expression programming and its values exactly predict output results and present precise formula. Moreover, the sensitivity analysis was performed to recognize the effectiveness of the factors for reducing NOx and increasing mechanical efficiency. In the sensitivity analysis, the methods such as partial correlation coefficient, standard regression coefficient, and the Sobol'-Jansen and distributed evaluation of local sensitivity analysis are all used. The obtained results show that air/fuel rate is more influential factor in both NOx emission and mechanical efficiency. Moreover, the difference between results of standard regression or partial correlation coefficients and Sobol'-Jansen or distributed evaluation methods is in nonlinearity effect or interactions among the factors.