Efficacy and safety comparison between axillary lymph node dissection with no axillary surgery in patients with sentinel node-positive breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to study the evidence on the efficacy and safety of omitting axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) for patients with clinically node-negative but sentinel lymph node (SLN)-positive breast cancer using all the available evidence. METHODS: The Embase, Medline, and Cochrane Library databases were searched through February 25, 2023. Original trials that compared only the sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) with ALND as the control group for patients with clinically node-negative but SLN-positive breast cancer were included. The primary outcomes were axillary recurrence rate, total recurrence rate, disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS). Meta-analyses were performed to compare the odds ratio (OR) in rates and the hazard ratios (HR) in time-to-event outcomes between both interventions. Based on different study designs, tools in the revised Cochrane risk of bias tool were used for randomized trials and the risk of bias in nonrandomized studies of interventions to assess the risk of bias for each included article. Funnel plots and Egger's test were used for the publication's bias assessment. RESULTS: In total, 30 reports from 26 studies were included in the systematic review (9 reports of RCTs, 21 reports of retrospective cohort studies). According to our analysis, omitting ALND in patients with clinically node-negative but SLN-positive breast cancer had a similar axillary recurrence rate (OR = 0.95, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.76-1.20), DFS (HR = 1.02, 95% CI: 0.89-1.16), and OS (HR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.92-1.03), but caused a significantly lower incidence of adverse events and benefited in locoregional recurrence rate (OR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.59-0.97) compared with ALND. CONCLUSION: For patients with clinically node-negative but SLN-positive breast cancer (no matter the number of the positive SLN), this review showed that SLNB alone had a similar axillary recurrence rate, DFS, and OS, but caused a significantly lower incidence of adverse events and showed a benefit for the locoregional recurrence compared with ALND. An OS benefit was found in the Macro subset that used SLNB alone versus complete ALND. Therefore, omitting ALND is feasible in this setting. TRIAL REGISTRATION: CRD 42023397963.

Correlations between flavor and fermentation days and changes in quality-related physiochemical characteristics of fermented Aurantii Fructus.

The effects of different fermentation times (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 days) on the physicochemical properties and flavor components of fermented Aurantii Fructus (FAF) were evaluated. Component analysis identified 66 compounds in positive ion mode and 32 compounds in negative ion mode. Flash GC e-nose results showed that propanal, (+)-limonene and n-nonanal may be the flavor characteristic components that distinguish FAF with different fermentation days. Furthermore, we found that the change of total flavonoid content was closely related to colony growth vitality. The total flavonoid content of FAF gradually decreased from 3rd day and then increased from 5th day (3rd day: 0.766 ± 0.123 mg/100 g; 4th day: 0.464 ± 0.001 mg/100 g; 5th day: 0.850 ± 0.192 mg/100 g). Finally, according to antioxidant activity correlation analysis, meranzin, (+)-limonene and total flavonoids were found to be the key substances affecting the fermentation days of FAF. Overall, the optimal fermentation time for FAF was 4 days.

Sanwei sandalwood decoction ameliorates acute ischemiareperfusion injury in rats by modulating myocyte electrophysiological characteristics.

Sanwei sandalwood decoction (SWTX) is a classical Chinese medicine formula and clinically effective treatment for coronary heart disease, including myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Because the treatment mechanism of SWTX in I/R injury remains obscure, we intended to analyze the potential cardioprotective effects of SWTX in rats with myocardial I/R injury. Our research revealed that SWTX prolonged ventricular conduction time in a dose-dependent manner. While SWTX significantly delayed left ventricular signal conduction velocity, it had no effect on left atrial conduction velocity. Under sinus conditions, low SWTX concentrations reduced left ventricular conduction dispersion, while high concentrations increased conduction dispersion. SWTX also prolonged the QRS interval, APD30/50/90, and ERP. In whole-cell patch clamp experiments on myocytes, Ito and Ikr were inhibited by SWTX. While SWTX had no effect on INa, the activation curve for Nav1.5 was left-shifted. Finally, SWTX reduced the probability of ventricular fibrillation and suppressed early and late depolarization in an acute I/R injury rat model. These findings shed light on the mechanism by which SWTX alleviates myocardial I/R injury.

[Astragalus injection mediates autophagy and myocardial remodeling in rats with ischemic cardiomyopathy through calumenin].

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of astragalus injection on myocardial remodeling, calumenin and autophagy in rats with ischemic cardiomyopathy. METHODS: Thirty-six male SD rats were divided into normal control group, ischemic cardiomyopathy group and astragalus injection group, 12 in each group. Electrocardiogram (ECG) and echocardiography were performed before operation in three groups. Rats in ischemic cardiomyopathy group and astragalus injection group underwent thoracotomy and ligation of coronary artery for 20 minutes, then thoracic cavity was closed after reperfusion. In the astragalus injection group,10 g/kg body weight of Astragalus injection was injected once a week, four times in total. Four weeks after operation, rats in three groups were executed by echocardiography and their hearts were collected for Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) staining and Van Gieson (VG) staining to observe myocardial pathological changes. Calumenin, LC3-I, LC3-II expressions and LC3-I/LC3-II ratio were detected by Western blot. RESULTS: Compared with ischemic cardiomyopathy group, the echocardiography and myocardial pathology of rats in astragalus injection group changed obviously, and the expressions of calumenin, LC3-I, LC3-II and LC3-I/LC3-II ratio changed significantly (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION: Astragalus injection has apparent inhibitory effect on ventricular remodeling and autophagy of myocardial cells in rats with ischemic cardiomyopathy, which may be mediated by calumenin.

Upregulated expression of serum exosomal miR-375 and miR-1307 enhance the diagnostic power of CA125 for ovarian cancer.

BACKGROUND: Ovarian cancer (OC) is associated with high mortality in gynecological oncology; this is mainly due to the low diagnosis rate. Exosomal miRNA has demonstrated potential as a tumor biomarker. We aimed to explore the diagnostic potential of serum exosomal miR-1307 and miR-375 for OC. METHODS: The first six candidate miRNAs were selected from the previous literature. The relative quantification of qRT-PCR was used to screen for the stability of exosomal miRNAs, followed by validation of the cohort. ROC analysis was employed to analyze the specificity and sensitivity of exosomal miRNA. RESULTS: MiR-1307 and miR-375 were confirmed stably existing in serum exosomes of OC. Moreover, miR-1307 and miR-375 were both significantly up-regulated in serum exosomes of OC compared to ovarian benign and healthy groups. The overexpressed miRNAs showed independent diagnostic power and enhanced the diagnostic accuracy of traditional biomarkers when combined with CA-125 and HE4. MiR-1307 was associated with tumor staging, and miR-375 was associated with lymph node metastasis of OC. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that serum exosomal miR-1307 and miR-375 could serve as potential tumor biomarkers to improve diagnostic efficiency for OC.

[The relationship between myocardial remodeling and endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy in rats with ischemic cardiomyopathy].

OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between myocardial remodeling and endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy in rats with ischemic cardiomyopathy. METHODS: Thirty-six male SD rats were divided into normal control group, sham-operated group and ischemic cardiomyopathy group (n=12). Echocardiography was performed before operation in three groups. Rats in sham-operated group closed their thoracic cavity without ligation of coronary artery after thoracotomy. The rats in ischemic cardiomyopathy group were closed their thoracic cavity after ligating of coronary artery for 20 minutes and recovered reperfusion. After operation for 4 weeks, rats in three groups were killed after taking echocardiography. The myocardial tissues were taken for HE staining and Masson staining to observe the pathological changes of myocardium and the expressions of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3- I (LC3-I), microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3- II (LC3-II), Bcl-2 interacting protein (Beclin-I) and the ratio of LC3-II/LC3-I were detected by Western blot. RESULTS: Compared with normal group and sham-operated group, ischemic cardiomyopathy rats had significant differences in echocardiography and myocardial pathology; the myocardial array was disordered, myocardial fibrosis was increased, mitochondrial vacuolation was serious. Mean while, the expressions of GRP78, LC3-I, LC3-II, Beclin-I and LC3-II/LC3-I ratio had significant changes. CONCLUSION: Autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum stress may play important roles in myocardial remodeling in rats with ischemic cardiomyopathy.

Transcriptome and expression profile analysis of highly resistant and susceptible banana roots challenged with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4.

Banana wilt disease, caused by the fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense 4 (Foc4), is regarded as one of the most devastating diseases worldwide. Cavendish cultivar 'Yueyoukang 1' was shown to have significantly lower disease severity and incidence compared with susceptible cultivar 'Brazilian' in greenhouse and field trials. De novo sequencing technology was previously performed to investigate defense mechanism in middle resistant 'Nongke No 1' banana, but not in highly resistant cultivar 'Yueyoukang 1'. To gain more insights into the resistance mechanism in banana against Foc4, Illumina Solexa sequencing technology was utilized to perform transcriptome sequencing of 'Yueyoukang 1' and 'Brazilian' and characterize gene expression profile changes in the both two cultivars at days 0.5, 1, 3, 5 and 10 after infection with Foc4. The results showed that more massive transcriptional reprogramming occurs due to Foc4 treatment in 'Yueyoukang 1' than 'Brazilian', especially at the first three time points, which suggested that 'Yueyoukang 1' had much faster defense response against Foc4 infection than 'Brazilian'. Expression patterns of genes involved in 'Plant-pathogen interaction' and 'Plant hormone signal transduction' pathways were analyzed and compared between the two cultivars. Defense genes associated with CEBiP, BAK1, NB-LRR proteins, PR proteins, transcription factor and cell wall lignification were expressed stronger in 'Yueyoukang 1' than 'Brazilian', indicating that these genes play important roles in banana against Foc4 infection. However, genes related to hypersensitive reaction (HR) and senescence were up-regulated in 'Brazilian' but down-regulated in 'Yueyoukang 1', which suggested that HR and senescence may contribute to Foc4 infection. In addition, the resistance mechanism in highly resistant 'Yueyoukang 1' was found to differ from that in middle resistant 'Nongke No 1' banana. These results explain the resistance in the highly resistant cultivar and provide more insights in understanding the compatible and incompatible interactions between banana and Foc4.

[Main bacterial groups in banana soil under rotated and continuous cropping].

Banana wilt is the main disease in banana production, while banana-leek rotation can effectively control the occurrence of the disease. In order to understand the variations of soil bacterial groups under banana-leek rotation and banana continuous cropping, soil samples under these two cropping systems were collected to extract crude DNA, and the bacterial 16S rDNA in V3 region was amplified by PCR. The PCR products were then separated by DGGE, and the main different bands were sequenced and compared with the records of NCBI to identify the germs. Under banana-leek rotation, soil bacterial diversity was richer, and the main bacterial groups were Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Acidobacteria; while under banana continuous cropping, the soil bacterial diversity was somewhat decreased, and the main bacterial groups were Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Chloroflexi.