RESUMO
Prematurity is a risk factor for positional cranial deformities since preterm infants have a more malleable skull and are susceptible to deformities due to external pressures. OBJECTIVES: To describe positional cranial deformities and peri/postnatal pathologies in preterm infants and to analyze the association between gestational age, birth weight, length of hospitalization, and severity of cranial deformities measured by the Cranial Vault Asymmetry Index (CVAI) and the Cephalic Index (CI). PATIENTS AND METHOD: Analytic, cross-sectional study. 103 preterm infants aged under 4 months of corrected age admitted during 2017 to an Early Intervention Program (EIP) were included. Participants were classified according to gestational age as follows: extremely preterm (< 28 weeks), very preterm (28-32 weeks), and moderate-to-late preterm (32-37 weeks). Head circumference, anteroposterior diameter, width, and head diagonals were measured, and the CVAI and CI were calculated. Peri- and postnatal history was obtained from clinical records. RESULTS: 103 preterm infants were evaluated (17 extremely preterm, 78 very preterm, and 8 moderate-to-late preterm). 99 (96.1%) of the preterm infants had positional cranial deformity and, regardless of the degree of prematurity, presented similar cranial anthropometric measurements. Mild plagiocephaly was the most frequent cranial deformity in all groups. We observed a positive association between the days of hospitalization and the CVAI and there was no relationship between the degree of prematurity and the severity of the positional cranial deformation. CONCLUSIONS: Most of the patients admitted to the EIP presented positional cranial deformities, mainly mild plagiocephaly, regardless of the degree of prematurity. The presence of plagiocephaly was positively associated with prolonged periods of hospitalization. No relationship was confirmed between the degree of prematurity and the severity of the positional cranial deformity.
Assuntos
Recém-Nascido Prematuro , Plagiocefalia , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Humanos , Estudos Transversais , Idade Gestacional , Peso ao Nascer , Plagiocefalia/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Se trata de un estudio retrospectivo, realizado en el hospital Naval Guayaquil, en el servicio de endoscopía y anatomía patológica, desde enero de 1986 a enero de 1998, incluyéndose pacientes diagnosticados con cáncer gástrico. El objetivo principal es demostrar sobrevida de cinco años en pacientes con cáncer gástrico, tratados médica y/o quirúrgicamente. De 25 pacientes diagnosticados con cáncer gástrico, 44%(11 pacientes) no fueron intervenidos quirúrgicamente: 20% no volvieron a la consulta, 16% por enfermedad avanzada, 8% rechazaron cirugía. Mientras que el 56% (14 pacientes) si se operaron.La sobrevida a 5 años se la investigó solo desde 1986 a 1992, en este lapso hubieron 10 pacientes (100%), el 70% fallecieron antes del año sin tratamiento quirúrgico, solo 30% sobrevivieron 5 años, todos ellos operados.La sobrevida a cinco años en los pacientes operados fue 30%, mientras que los no operados (70%) fallecieron antes del año.
The main objective is to demonstrate the survival to 5 years in patients with gastric cancer, treated with and without surgery.Materials and Methods: this is a prospective study, realized at Naval Hospital of Guayaquil, from January 1986 to January 1998, at the endoscopic and pathologic anatomy service including patients diagnosed with gastric cancer. Results: from 25 patients with gastric cancer, 44% (11 patients) weren´t treated with surgery: 20% didn´t return, 16% for advanced illness, 8% rejected surgery; while 56% (14 patients), accepted the surgery. The survival to 5 years was investigated only from 1986 to 1992; in this period, with only 10 patients (100%) having gastric cancer; 70% died before one year, all of them without surgical treatment, and 36% survived 5 years, all of them with surgical treatment.Conclusion: the survival to 5 years, in patients with surgical treatment was 30%, while those who didn´t operated (70%) died before the year.