RESUMO
PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to carry out a detailed study of morphological features and to determine the phylogenetic position of Parabronema smithii (Cobbold, 1882) found in wild elephants in Sri Lanka. METHODS: Adult worms were collected from stomach ulcers at postmortem examination of wild elephants in the Udawalawe National Park, Sri Lanka. The detailed morphology of P. smithii was studied using light microscopy and, for the first time, scanning electron microscopy. Fifteen morphological characteristics were investigated. The phylogenetic analysis was conducted using the second internal transcribed spacer region (ITS2), and portions of the large subunit ribosomal DNA (28S) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1). Furthermore, the present study provides a comparison of morphology and morphometrics of Parabronema species that occur in different hosts. CONCLUSION: Parabronema smithii isolated from wild elephants exhibited the key morphological features. Phylogenetic analysis of selected genes revealed that P. smithii is closely associated with P. skrjabini and Habronema spp. Findings of the present study enhance our understanding of the biology and taxonomy of P. smithii in wild elephant in Sri Lanka and will contribute to future phylogeographic studies.
Assuntos
Animais Selvagens/parasitologia , Elefantes/parasitologia , Infecções por Spirurida/veterinária , Spirurina/genética , Spirurina/ultraestrutura , Animais , Autopsia/veterinária , Teorema de Bayes , Citocromos c1/genética , DNA de Helmintos/química , DNA de Helmintos/isolamento & purificação , DNA Intergênico/química , DNA Intergênico/genética , DNA Ribossômico/química , DNA Ribossômico/genética , Feminino , Masculino , Cadeias de Markov , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura/veterinária , Método de Monte Carlo , Filogenia , RNA Ribossômico 28S/genética , Infecções por Spirurida/parasitologia , Spirurina/classificação , Sri Lanka , Estômago/parasitologia , Úlcera Gástrica/parasitologia , Úlcera Gástrica/veterináriaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Over the last two decades intra-aural tick infestation (otoacariasis) has been a common occurrence in the hilly central region in Sri Lanka. Very occasional detection of isolated unilateral facial nerve palsy associated with otoacariasis attributed to toxin damage of the nerve prompted us to study the clinico-epidemiology and aetio-pathology of the problem. METHODS: All cases having isolated unilateral facial nerve palsy associated with otoacariasis presented to, Ear Nose and Throat clinic at General Hospital Kandy, Sri Lanka from 2001 to 2016 were included in the study. The facial palsies were assessed with nerve conduction studies and, harvested ticks were identified. RESULTS: There were 29 patients with mean age of 46 years (range 22-76 years) with male to female ratio of 1:1.9. First 12 patients without specific treatment took 1-55 months for recovery and 4 had axonal degeneration. Last 5 patients were treated with doxycycline and recovered in 4 weeks. They had strong sero-conversion of immunofluorescence antibodies against spotted fever rickettsioses and the tick harvested from the last patient was PCR positive for rickettsial DNA. Identified ticks belonged to Dermacentor, Amblyomma, Rhipicephalus and Hyalomma species. CONCLUSIONS: On contrary to popular toxin theory, we were able to demonstrate treatable rickettsial aetio-pathology as the cause of otoacariasis associated lower motor facial palsy in Sri Lanka.
Assuntos
Meato Acústico Externo/parasitologia , Paralisia Facial/etiologia , Infecções por Rickettsia/complicações , Infecções por Rickettsia/fisiopatologia , Rickettsia/isolamento & purificação , Picadas de Carrapatos/complicações , Picadas de Carrapatos/microbiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Animais , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/sangue , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Doxiciclina/uso terapêutico , Paralisia Facial/tratamento farmacológico , Paralisia Facial/microbiologia , Paralisia Facial/parasitologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Rickettsia/imunologia , Infecções por Rickettsia/tratamento farmacológico , Sri Lanka/epidemiologia , Picadas de Carrapatos/tratamento farmacológico , Carrapatos/microbiologia , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: This preliminary study was carried out to determine the allele frequencies and forensic efficiency parameters for the short tandem repeat loci CSF1PO, TPOX, THO1, D16S539, D7S820, D13S317, vWA, FESFPS and F13B in a test sample population of Sri Lankans. DESIGN: Test samples were obtained from 305 non-related individuals originating from all 9 provinces of Sri Lanka. DNA was extracted from whole blood using chelex-100 and amplified by PCR using the GenePrint STR kit and silver stained. Final DNA profiles were analysed for forensic efficiency parameters and paternity indices using PowerStats version 12. Possible divergence from Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium was tested using the chi-square test and exact test. RESULTS: All common alleles in the allelic ladders were found in the test sample studied. PIC values >0.5 for all 9 STR loci indicate this STR system to be informative and useful for identification purposes. The D13S317, vWA and D7S820 loci were found to be the most polymorphic markers of the system studied. CONCLUSIONS: No deviations from Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium were found for any of the loci examined. The results indicate that the 9 STR loci system described here is suitable for estimating DNA profile frequencies in human identification and forensic and parentage testing for legal purposes among Sri Lankans.
