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Electrochemical CO2 reduction (ECO2R) to value-added chemicals offers a promising approach to both mitigate CO2 emission and facilitate renewable energy conversion. We demonstrate a solar energy powered ECO2R system operating at a relatively large current density (57 mA cm-2) using In2O3 nanosheets (NSs) as the cathode and a commercial perovskite solar cell as the electricity generator, which achieves the high solar to formate energy conversion efficiency of 6.6 %. The significantly enhanced operative current density with a fair solar energy conversion efficiency on In2O3 NSs can be ascribed to their high activity and selectivity for formate production, as well as the fast kinetics for ECO2R. The Faradic efficiencies (FEs) of formate In2O3 NSs are all above 93 %, with the partial current density of formate ranging from 2.3 to 342 mA cm-2 in a gas diffusion flow cell, which is among the widest for formate production on In-based catalysts. In-situ Raman spectroscopy and density functional theory simulations reveal that the exceptional performances of formate production on In2O3 NSs originates from the presence of abundant low coordinated edge sites, which effectively promote the selective adsorption of *OCHO while inhibiting *H adsorption.
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Rare Earth Elements (REEs) have been implicated in potential health effects. However, the health risk of REE exposure among tea drinkers in China remains poorly understood. This study aimed to characterize the concentration of REEs in different tea categories and evaluate the associated health risks for tea consumers in China. By analyzing the content of 16 REEs in 4326 tea samples from China, the exposure level of REEs to the general population was estimated. The content of these 16 REEs was similar across six types of tea, with oolong tea exhibiting the highest levels. The concentration of light rare earth elements (LREEs) in six types of tea was higher than that of heavy rare earth elements (HREEs). The daily mean and 95th percentile (P95) exposure to REEs from tea for the general population in China were 0.0328 µg/kg BW and 0.1283 µg/kg BW, respectively, which are significantly lower than the temporary acceptable daily dose (tADI). Our findings suggest that REEs from tea do not pose a known health risk to Chinese consumers.
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Metais Terras Raras , Chá , Chá/química , Metais Terras Raras/análise , China , Medição de Risco , Humanos , Contaminação de Alimentos/análise , Exposição DietéticaRESUMO
The widespread presence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in various environmental matrices and their adverse health effects have gained worldwide attention. Therefore, numerous studies have focused on human exposure to PFAS through different pathways, such as fish and drinking water, and little attention has been paid to milk consumption. This study aimed to explore the transfer of PFAS by investigating the occurrence of PFAS in cow feed, drinking water, and raw milk from 20 regions of China and to assess the risk of human exposure to PFAS from raw milk. In total, 13, 15, and 7 PFAS were detected in cow feed, drinking water, and raw milk with total concentrations (∑PFAS) of 5.59 ± 2.91 ng/g (mean ± standard deviation), 11.91 ± 23.12 ng/L, and 0.15 ± 0.13 ng/mL, respectively. Perfluoropentanoic acid (PFPeA) was dominant with a concentration of 2.28 ± 1.75 ng/g, approximately 40.7 % of ∑PFAS in feed. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) were the dominant compounds found in drinking water at 4.80 ± 14.37 and 3.01 ± 6.06 ng/L, respectively. Additionally, PFOA (0.08 ± 0.09 ng/mL) was the most significant compound in raw milk, contributing 51.5 % of ∑PFAS. Moreover, the results of the carry-over rate (COR) were as follows: perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS, 29.58 %) > PFOA (15.78 %) > perfluorobutanesulfonic acid (PFBS, 9.45 %). According to the reference dose (RfD) established by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) in 2018, there is a potential toxicological hazard of PFOA exposure for preschool children through milk consumption. Notably, the health risk from PFOS for 1-year-old children in Central China exceeded that observed for humans in other regions and age groups. Our results showed that PFOS and PFOA were more likely to accumulate in cows and to be constantly transferred to milk, thus increasing the human health risk, especially in children.
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Fluorocarbonos , Leite , China , Animais , Leite/química , Fluorocarbonos/análise , Humanos , Medição de Risco , Exposição Ambiental/estatística & dados numéricos , Poluentes Ambientais/análise , Monitoramento Ambiental , Caprilatos/análise , Água Potável/química , Ácidos Alcanossulfônicos/análise , Exposição Dietética/estatística & dados numéricos , Exposição Dietética/análise , Contaminação de Alimentos/análise , Contaminação de Alimentos/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Resident immune cells are at the forefront of sensory organ-specific signals, and changes in these cells are closely related to the aging process. The Sirt pathway can regulate NAD + metabolism during aging, thereby affecting the accumulation of ROS. However, the role of the Sirt pathway in resident immune cells in aged tissues is currently unclear. METHODS: We investigated Sirt1 signalling in resident immune cells during chronic inflammation in an aged mouse model. Integrated single-cell RNA sequencing data from young and aged mice were used to refine the characterization of immune cells in aged tissues RESULTS: We found that C1q + macrophages could affect chronic inflammation during aging. C1q + macrophages acted in an opposing manner to Il1b + macrophages and were responsible for anti-inflammatory effects during aging. Sirt1 agonists inhibited the decrease in C1qb in macrophages during aging, and anti-aging drugs could affect the expression of C1qb in macrophages via the Sirt1 pathway. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we first identified the relevance of C1q + macrophages in chronic inflammation during aging. The potential anti-aging effect of C1q + macrophages was mediated by the Sirt1 pathway, suggesting new strategies for aging immunotherapy.
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Envelhecimento , Complemento C1q , Macrófagos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Transdução de Sinais , Sirtuína 1 , Animais , Sirtuína 1/metabolismo , Sirtuína 1/genética , Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Macrófagos/imunologia , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Complemento C1q/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Camundongos , Masculino , Inflamação , Interleucina-1beta/metabolismoRESUMO
Background: Whether the estimated pulse wave velocity (ePWV) in Chinese patients with hypertension can serve as an independent predictor of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality remains unknown. Therefore, this study investigated the associations between ePWV and cardiovascular and all-cause mortalities and explored potential effect modifiers influencing these relationships. Finally, we compared the ePWV with the brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) to determine which parameter better predicts mortality. Methods: The population of this longitudinal cohort study was selected from the China H-type Hypertension Registry Study. The exposure and outcome variables were ePWV and all-cause and cardiovascular mortalities, respectively. The Cox proportional hazard regression model was applied to assess the associations between ePWV and all-cause and cardiovascular mortalities. The performances of ePWV and baPWV in predicting death were compared using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve area, net reclassification improvement index (NRI), and integrated discrimination improvement index (IDI). Results: This prospective study enrolled 14,232 patients with hypertension. Following an average follow-up of 48 months, 806 individuals succumbed to all-cause mortality, with 397 cases specifically attributed to cardiovascular diseases. The Cox proportional regression analysis revealed a significant association between a 1â m/s increase in ePWV and a 37% higher risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.37, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.31-1.43) as well as a 52% higher risk of cardiovascular mortality (HR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.43-1.62) in the fully adjusted model. The findings for ePWV according to quartile demonstrated hazard ratios for all-cause mortality for Q2 (10.25 < ePWV < 11.32), Q3 (11.32 < ePWV < 12.40), and Q4 (ePWV ≥ 12.40) of 1.50 (HR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.07-2.10), 2.34 (HR: 2.34, 95% CI: 1.73-3.18), and 4.09 (HR: 4.09, 95% CI: 3.05-5.49), respectively, compared with Q1 (ePWV < 10.25). The risk of cardiovascular death also increased in proportion to the rise in ePWV. The results of the area under the ROC curve, NRI, and IDI all indicated that ePWV outperformed baPWV in predicting mortality. The results of the subgroup analysis demonstrated that body mass index (BMI) and hypoglycemic drug use modified the association between ePWV and mortality. Conclusions: The performance of ePWV in predicting all-cause and cardiovascular mortalities was superior to that of baPWV alone. Patients who were overweight or obese with higher ePWV values exhibited a significantly increased risk of all-cause death. The correlation between elevated ePWV and the risk of cardiovascular death was more pronounced in patients who had not received hypoglycemic drugs.
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Background: The associations of body fat parameters with arterial stiffness measured by brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity in hypertensive patients were scarce. Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed 4322 hypertensive adults. The correlations between the anthropometric indexes (body mass index [BMI], waist circumference, waist-tohip ratio [WHR], waist-to-height ratio [WHtR], a body shape index [ABSI], body round index [BRI]) and ba-PWV values were analyzed using multivariable linear regression model. Results: In both sex categories, linear regression models showed that BMI levels were inversely related to baPWV (adjusted-ß per SD increase in male: -0.51, 95% CI -0.66 to -0.36, P < 0.001; female: -0.50, 95% CI -0.63 to -0.37, P < 0.001). Waist circumference positively correlated with baPWV only in male hypertensive individuals. BaPWV positively correlated to WHR or WHtR levels (adjusted-ß per SD increase: 0.32, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.43, P < 0.001; 0.64, 95% CI 0.47 to 0.82, P < 0.001; respectively), ABSI (adjusted-ß per SD increase for ABSI × 100: 0.27, 95% CI 0.18 to 0.36, P < 0.001) and BRI (adjusted-ß per SD increase: 0.64, 95% CI 0.46 to 0.81, P < 0.001) levels. The relationship between anthropometric indices and arterial stiffness based on baPWV values were also consistent. ABSI had the highest predictive power of arterial stiffness (area under the curve, 0.594; P < 0.001). Conclusion: In Chinese adults with hypertension, BMI was inversely related to baPWV, while WHR, WHtR, ABSI and BRI were positively related. Waist circumference positively correlated with baPWV only in male hypertensive individuals.
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BACKGROUND: While folic acid (FA) is widely used to treat elevated total homocysteine (tHcy), promoting vascular health by reducing vascular oxidative stress and modulating endothelial nitric oxide synthase, the optimal daily dose and individual variation by MTHFR C677T genotypes have not been well studied. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the efficacy of eight different FA dosages on tHcy lowering in the overall sample and by MTHFR C677T genotypes. METHODS: This multicentered, randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial included 2697 eligible hypertensive adults with elevated tHcy (≥ 10 mmol/L) and without history of stroke and cardiovascular disease. Participants were randomized into eight dose groups of FA combined with 10 mg enalapril maleate, taken daily for 8 weeks of treatment. RESULTS: The intent to treat analysis included 2163 participants. In the overall sample, increasing FA dosage led to steady tHcy reduction within the FA dosing range of 0-1.2 mg. However, a plateau in tHcy lowering was observed in FA dose range of 1.2-1.6 mg, indicating a ceiling effect. In contrast, FA doses were positively and linearly associated with serum folate levels without signs of plateau. Among MTHFR genotype subgroups, participants with the TT genotype showed greater efficacy of FA in tHcy lowering. CONCLUSIONS: This randomized trial lent further support to the efficacy of FA in lowering tHcy; more importantly, it provided critically needed evidence to inform optimal FA dosage. We found that the efficacy of FA in lowering tHcy reaches a plateau if the daily dosage exceeds 1.2 mg, and only has a small gain by increasing the dosage from 0.8 to 1.2 mg. GOV IDENTIFIER: NCT03472508 (Registration Date: March 21, 2018).
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Ácido Fólico , Genótipo , Homocisteína , Metilenotetra-Hidrofolato Redutase (NADPH2) , Humanos , Ácido Fólico/administração & dosagem , Ácido Fólico/sangue , Homocisteína/sangue , Feminino , Masculino , Método Duplo-Cego , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Metilenotetra-Hidrofolato Redutase (NADPH2)/genética , Hipertensão/tratamento farmacológico , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Idoso , Enalapril/administração & dosagem , Enalapril/farmacologia , Adulto , Hiper-Homocisteinemia/tratamento farmacológico , Hiper-Homocisteinemia/sangueRESUMO
Plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) and kidney function are both associated with mortality risk, but the degree to which kidney function modifies the impact of tHcy on mortality remains unknown. This prospective cohort study included a total of 14,225 hypertensive adults. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to analyze the separate and combined association of tHcy and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) with all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Mediation analysis was conducted to explore the mediating effect of eGFR. During a median follow-up of 4.0 years, 805 deaths were identified, including 397 deaths from cardiovascular disease (CVD). There were significant, positive relationships of tHcy with all-cause mortality (per 5 µmol/L; HR: 1.09; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.11), CVD mortality (HR: 1.11; 95% CI: 1.08, 1.13), and non-CVD mortality (HR: 1.07; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.10). The proportions of eGFR mediating these relationships were 39.1%, 35.7%, and 49.7%, respectively. There were additive interactions between tHcy and eGFR. Compared with those with low tHcy (<15 µmol/L) and high eGFR (≥90 mL·min-1·1.73 m-2), participants with high tHcy (≥20 µmol/L) and low eGFR (<60 mL·min-1·1.73 m-2) had the highest risk of all-cause mortality (HR: 4.89; 95% CI: 3.81, 6.28), CVD mortality (HR: 5.80; 95% CI: 4.01, 8.40), and non-CVD mortality (HR: 4.25; 95% CI: 3.02, 5.97). In conclusion, among Chinese hypertensive adults, high tHcy and impaired kidney function were independently and jointly associated with higher risks of all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Importantly, kidney function explained most (nearly 40%) of the increased risk of mortality conferred by high tHcy.
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Taxa de Filtração Glomerular , Homocisteína , Hipertensão , Humanos , Homocisteína/sangue , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Hipertensão/mortalidade , Hipertensão/fisiopatologia , Hipertensão/sangue , Estudos Prospectivos , Idoso , Doenças Cardiovasculares/mortalidade , Doenças Cardiovasculares/sangue , Adulto , Rim/fisiopatologia , Causas de Morte , Análise de MediaçãoRESUMO
Prevention of cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIED) infection is crucial for successful outcomes. In this study, we report an adhesive and antibacterial hydrogel coating for CIED infection treatment, by immobilizing polyethylene glycol (PEG) and 2'-O-hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (HAC) on Ti surface. Initial alkali and APTES treatment caused the formation of -NH2 to enhance the adhesion of the hydrogel coating to Ti implants, followed by immobilizing a photo-cross-linkable PEG/2'-O-HTACCS hydrogel on Ti/OH/NH2 surface. Surface characterization of Ti/OH/NH2 sample and adhesion testing of hydrogel on Ti/OH/NH2 surface confirm successful immobilization of hydrogel onto the Ti/OH/NH2 surface. In vitro and in vivo antimicrobial results exhibited that the photo-cross-linkable PEG/HAC composite hydrogel has excellent antimicrobial capabilities against both Grampositive (S. aureus and S. epidermidis) and Gram-negative (P. aeruginosa and E. coli) bacteria. The outcome of this study demonstrates the photo-cross linked PEG/HAC coating hydrogels can be easily formed on the Ti implants, and has great potential in preventing CIED pocket infection.
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Background: The impact of triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index variations on chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression remains unexplored. To investigate the effects of the TyG index and its dynamic changes on CKD progression. Method: This prospective cohort study included data from 8,418 hypertensive participants. The exposure variable in this study was defined as the difference between the TyG index at the last visit from that at baseline. The study's outcome variable was the progression of CKD, defined as follows: for subjects with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥60 mL/min, a ≥30% decrease in eGFR with a final follow-up value <60 mL/min; for those with an eGFR <60 mL/min, a ≥50% decrease in eGFR; or terminal renal failure requiring dialysis. Results: During a median follow-up period of 48 months, 1077 patients were diagnosed with CKD progression. In the fully adjusted Model 3, patients with a change in the TyG index <0 exhibited a significantly decreased 13% risk of CKD progression (HR: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.76-0.98) compared to those with a change in the TyG index≥0 group. Subgroup analyses showed that changes in the TyG index significantly increased the risk of CKD progression only in patients with diastolic blood pressure (DBP) <90mmHg. In the path analysis, baseline TyG was associated with follow-up eGFR (the standard regression coefficient was 1.26 [95% CI, 0.45-2.06]). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that TyG variability may serve as a useful tool for identifying individuals at risk of CKD progression, particularly hypertensive patients with normal DBP levels.
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Hipertensão , Insuficiência Renal Crônica , Humanos , Triglicerídeos , Glucose , Estudos Prospectivos , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/diagnóstico , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , China/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Increased plasma homocysteine (Hcy) has been identified as one of the important risk factors for cardiovascular disease. However, the association between plasma Hcy and peripheral artery disease (PAD) is still controversial. This study aimed to investigate the association between plasma Hcy and PAD and the potential modifier factors in Chinese hypertensive adults. A total of 25 300 hypertensive patients aged 18 years or older were included in the analysis in this cross-sectional study. The outcome was PAD, which defined as an ankle-brachial index ≤0.90 in either limb. Multiple logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between plasma Hcy and PAD. The median plasma Hcy was 14.00 (interquartile range: 11.60-17.80) µmol/L. There was a significant positive association between plasma Hcy and PAD (per SD increment; OR: 1.13; 95% CI: 1.06-1.19). Patients in the upper plasma Hcy tertile (≥16.16 µmol/L) were associated with a 53% increased risk of PAD compared with patients in the lower tertile (<12.33 µmol/L) after adjustment for multiple potential confounders. Subgroup analyses showed the association between Hcy and PAD was robust among various strata. Among Chinese adults with hypertension, plasma Hcy is an independent risk factor for PAD. This finding may improve the risk stratification of PAD.
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Hipertensão , Doença Arterial Periférica , Adulto , Humanos , Hipertensão/complicações , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Doença Arterial Periférica/diagnóstico , Doença Arterial Periférica/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Índice Tornozelo-Braço , HomocisteínaRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Normal weight central obesity (NWCO) is a category of obesity that is characterized by having a normal BMI and presence of abdominal obesity. Recently, studies have reported that NWCO was associated with the cardiovascular diseases. The researches exploring the relationship between NWCO and arterial stiffness are limited. So this study intended to investigate the relationship between NWCO and arterial stiffness in Chinese adults with hypertension. METHODS AND RESULTS: This study is a sub-study of the China H-type Hypertension Registry Study. We included 8580 Chinese hypertensive patients with normal weight (18.5 kg/m2 ≤BMI <24 kg/m2). Central obesity was defined as waist-height ratio ≥0.5, and participants were categorized into two groups: NWCO and normal weight and no central obesity (NWNO). Using the brachial-ankle pulse wave conduction velocity (baPWV) assessed the arterial stiffness. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to evaluate relationship between NWCO and baPWV. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate relationship between NWCO and arterial stiffness. Of 8580 participants, 4327 (50.4 %) were NWCO. The multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated that people with NWCO had higher baPWV value (total people: ß = 38.33, 95%CI 22.82-53.84; men: ß = 39.87, 95%CI 18.43-61.32; women: ß = 29.65, 95%CI 7.20-52.09) compared with NWNO. The baPWV ≥1800 cm/s was defined as arterial stiffness, and the multiple logistic regression analysis showed that people with NWCO associated higher arterial stiffness risk (total people: OR = 1.25, 95%CI 1.12-1.39; men: OR = 1.29, 95%CI 1.11-1.50; women: OR = 1.18, 95%CI 1.01-1.38). CONCLUSION: NWCO is significantly related to increased risk of arterial stiffness in Chinese adults with hypertension.
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Hipertensão , Rigidez Vascular , Adulto , Masculino , Humanos , Feminino , Obesidade Abdominal/diagnóstico , Obesidade Abdominal/epidemiologia , Obesidade Abdominal/complicações , Fatores de Risco , Índice de Massa Corporal , Hipertensão/diagnóstico , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Hipertensão/complicações , Obesidade/diagnóstico , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Obesidade/complicaçõesRESUMO
Objective To explore the relationship of menarche age,menopause age,and reproductive period with cognitive function in the female patients with hypertension.Methods Hypertension screening was carried out in Wuyuan county of Jiangxi province from July to August in 2018.Data were collected through a face-to-face questionnaire survey,physical measurement,and biochemical tests.The cognitive function was scored according to the mini-mental state examination(MMSE)scale.Multiple linear regression and Logistic regression were employed to analyze the effects of menarche age,menopause age,and reproductive period on cognitive function,and the penalized spline regression to fit the curves.Results A total of 4595 postmenopausal women with hypertension were included in the analysis,with the mean age of(65.1±8.4)years,mean menarche age of(16.6±2.2)years,mean menopause age of(48.2±5.0)years,mean reproductive period of(31.7±5.5)years,mean MMSE score of(19.0±6.3)points,and total cognitive impairment detection rate of 40.4%(1859/4595).The detection rates of cognitive impairment were 28.4%,39.1%,and 45.8% in the females with the menarche ages of <15,15-16,and ≥17 years,47.9%,39.7%,and 38.3% in the females with the menopausal ages of <45,45-49,and ≥50 years,and 56.0%,44.4%,40.6%,and 32.6% in the females with the reproductive periods of <25,25-29,30-34,and ≥35 years,respectively.Moreover,the detection rates of cognitive impairment among different age groups were statistically significant(all P<0.05).Compared with the group with the menarche age <15 years,the groups with the menarche ages of 15-16 years and ≥17 years showed increased detection rates of cognitive impairment(OR=1.45,95%CI=1.19-1.75,P<0.001;OR=1.65,95%CI=1.37-1.98,P<0.001).Compared with the group with the menopausal age <45 years,the groups with the menopausal ages of 45-49 years and ≥50 years showed decreased detection rates of cognitive impairment(OR=0.80,95%CI=0.66-0.95,P=0.013;OR=0.78,95%CI=0.65-0.93,P<0.001).Compared with the group with the reproductive period <25 years,the groups with the reproductive periods of 25-29,30-34,and ≥35 years showed decreased detection rates of cognitive impairment(OR=0.66,95%CI=0.52-0.84,P<0.001;OR=0.62,95%CI=0.50-0.76,P<0.001;OR=0.51,95%CI=0.41-0.63,P<0.001).Conclusion The detection rate of cognitive impairment had a positive correlation with menarche age and negative correlations with menopause age and reproductive period in the female patients with hypertension.
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Hipertensão , Menopausa , Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Adolescente , Menarca , Reprodução , Cognição , Fatores Etários , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1038971.].
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Limited data exists on the association between Direct bilirubin (DBIL) and Indirect bilirubin (IBIL) with the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) among patients with hypertension. This study aimed to assess the relationship between DBIL and IBIL with the risk of CKD in a cohort of Chinese adults diagnosed with hypertension. This study included 14 182 Chinese patients with hypertension between the ages of 27 and 96. CKD, the outcome variable, was defined by an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 . The study employed multivariate linear and multivariate logistic regression analysis to evaluate the correlation between DBIL and IBIL with the risk of CKD. The prevalence of CKD in the study population was 9.77%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the increase in DBIL (OR: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.61, 0.71) and IBIL (OR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.71, 0.81) were independently and negatively correlated with CKD. Further analyses using a restricted cubic spline (smooth-fitting curve) confirmed the linearly negative association between DBIL and IBIL with the risk of CKD. The subgroup analysis showed that the correlation between IBIL and CKD was stronger among men and populations <65 years of age (p for interaction <.05). DBIL and IBIL were independently and negatively associated with CKD. Furthermore, the correlation between DBIL and IBIL with CKD in the hypertensive population is more significant in those under 65 years of age. These findings may inform future strategies for the management of CKD.
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Hipertensão , Insuficiência Renal Crônica , Masculino , Adulto , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Bilirrubina , Hipertensão/complicações , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/epidemiologia , China/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Background: Higher serum uric acid (SUA) can cause gout, which is principally characterized by arthritis due to monosodium urate crystal deposition in the lower extremities. High levels of SUA have been linked to endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and inflammation, all of which are involved in the pathogenesis of peripheral artery disease(PAD). To date, the relationship between SUA levels and PAD is still poorly understood. Method: An analysis of 9,839 Chinese adults with essential hypertension from the ongoing China H-type Hypertension Registry Study was conducted in this cross-sectional study. Patients with an ABI ≤0.9 was diagnosed with PAD. Hyperuricemia was defined as SUA levels >420 mol/L in men and >360 mol/L in women. The association between SUA levels and PAD was evaluated using multivariable logistic regression models based on odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: The enrolled subjects ranged in age from 27 to 93 years, with a mean age of 63.14 ± 8.99 years. The proportion of male patients was 46.22%, and the prevalence of hyperuricemia was 50.72%. In males, hyperuricemia was positively associated with the risk of PAD (adjusted OR per SD increase: 1.72, 95% CI 1.17 to 2.53, P =0.006). Males in the highest SUA tertile were significantly more likely to have PAD (adjusted OR: 2.63, 95% CI 1.42 to 4.86, P = 0.002; P for trend = 0.001). However, this positive relationship was not observed in females (adjusted OR: 1.29, 95% CI 0.77 to 2.17, P = 0.327; P for trend = 0.347). Conclusion: According to this cross-sectional study, higher SUA levels were positively associated with PAD in male hypertensive patients, while this positive relationship disappeared in female participants.
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Gota , Hipertensão , Hiperuricemia , Doença Arterial Periférica , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Transversais , População do Leste Asiático , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Hiperuricemia/complicações , Hiperuricemia/epidemiologia , Doença Arterial Periférica/complicações , Doença Arterial Periférica/epidemiologia , Ácido Úrico/sangueRESUMO
Cold stress impairs plant growth and development, resulting in crop failure. Cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is sensitive to freezing, while its wild relative, S. commersonii, has a strong freezing tolerance. To decipher the anti-freezing mechanism of CM, we carried out a transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis of an anti-freezing variety of CM (a type of S. commersonii) and a freeze-sensitive variety of DM (a type of Solanum tuberosum L.). A total of 49,232 high-quality transcripts from 12,811 gene loci, including 46,772 coding sequences and 2018 non-coding RNAs, were identified. KEEG enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two varieties showed that the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway was strongly induced by freezing stress, which was proven by flavonoid metabolome analysis. Consistent with the accumulation of more flavonoids, nearly all the pathway genes were significantly upregulated in CM than those in DM. The transcript levels of two chalcone synthase (CHS-1) isoforms and four isoforms of flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase (F3'H-1) were confirmed by qRT-PCR. Co-expression analysis identified one Myb-related and three UGTs (UDP-glycosyltransferase) that were significantly upregulated in CM during freezing stress. Our findings support that the flavonoid pathway was significantly enhanced by freezing stress and the greater accumulation ofglycosylatedflavonoids in resistant types than that of sensitive types, maybe accounting for the increased freezing tolerance of freeze-resistant potato varieties.
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BACKGROUND AND AIM: A body shape index (ABSI) is a valuable predictor of mortality in the Western population, but similar evidence in the general Chinese population is limited. This study aims to evaluate the association between the ABSI and all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in the Chinese population with normal weight. METHODS AND RESULTS: 9046 participants with normal BMI (18.5-24.9 kg/m2) from the China Hypertension Survey were enrolled. The baseline ABSI was calculated as waist circumference/(BMI2/3height1/2). Cox proportional hazards regression was performed to evaluate the association of the ABSI with all-cause and CVD mortality. Over an average follow-up of 5.4 years, 686 all-cause and 215 CVD deaths occurred. A 0.01-unit increment in the ABSI was associated with a 31% greater risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 1.31; 95% CI: 1.12, 1.48) and CVD mortality (HR, 1.30; 95% CI: 1.08, 1.58). Compared with quartile 1 of the ABSI, the adjusted HRs of all-cause mortality for quartiles 2-4 were, respectively, 1.25 (95% CI: 0.98, 1.59), 1.28 (95% CI: 0.99, 1.67), and 1.54 (95% CI: 1.17, 2.03) (Ptrend = 0.004), and those of CVD mortality for quartiles 2-4 were, respectively, 1.28 (95% CI: 0.88, 1.83), 1.42 (95% CI: 0.97, 2.08), and 1.45 (95% CI: 0.98, 2.170) (Ptrend = 0.043). The dose-response analysis showed a linear positive association of the ABSI with all-cause (Pnonlinearity = 0.158) and CVD mortality (Pnonlinearity = 0.213). CONCLUSION: The ABSI was positively associated with all-cause and CVD mortality among the general Chinese population with normal BMI. The data suggest that the ABSI may be an effective tool for central fatness for mortality risk assessment.
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Doenças Cardiovasculares , Humanos , Índice de Massa Corporal , Doenças Cardiovasculares/diagnóstico , Relação Cintura-Quadril , Estudos Prospectivos , População do Leste Asiático , Fatores de Risco , Circunferência da CinturaRESUMO
Background: Remnant cholesterol (RC) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) have not been definitively linked in individuals with different characteristics. This study aims to investigate the relationship between serum RC level and CKD and examine possible effect modifiers in Chinese patients with hypertension. Methods: Our study is based on the Chinese H-type Hypertension Project, which is an observational registry study conducted in real-world settings. The outcome was CKD, defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate of less than 60 ml/min·1.73 m2. Multivariate logistic regression and smooth curve fitting were used to analyze the association between RC and CKD. Subgroup analyses were subsequently conducted to examine the effects of other variables. Results: The mean age of the 13,024 patients with hypertension at baseline was 63.8 ± 9.4 years, and 46.8% were male. A conspicuous linear positive association was observed between RC level and CKD (per SD increment; odds ratio [OR], 1.15; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08-1.23). Compared with the lowest quartile group of RC, the risk of CKD was 53% higher (OR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.26-1.86) in the highest quartile group. Furthermore, a stronger positive association between RC level and CKD was found among participants with a higher body mass index (BMI <24 vs. ≥24 kg/m2; P-interaction = 0.034) or current non-smokers (smoker vs. non-smoker; P-interaction = 0.024). Conclusions: Among Chinese adults with hypertension, RC level was positively associated with CKD, particularly in those with a BMI of ≥24 kg/m2 and current non-smokers. These findings may help improve lipid management regimens in patients with hypertension.
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Hipertensão , Insuficiência Renal Crônica , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Colesterol , População do Leste Asiático , Taxa de Filtração Glomerular , Hipertensão/complicações , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/complicações , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Objective To explore the relationship between insulin resistance (IR) indexes and hyperuricemia (HUA) among the people with hypertension. Methods From July to August in 2018,hypertension screening was carried out in Wuyuan county,Jiangxi province,and the data were collected through questionnaire survey,physical measurement,and biochemical test.Logistic regression was performed to analyze the relationship between HUA and IR indexes including metabolic score for IR (METS-IR),triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index,TyG-body mass index (BMI),TyG-waist circumference (WC),visceral adiposity index (VAI),triglyceride (TG)/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C),and lipid accumulation product (LAP).The penalty spline method was used for the curve fitting between IR indexes and HUA.The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was employed to reveal the correlation between each index and HUA. Results The 14 220 hypertension patients included 6 713 males and 7 507 females,with the average age of (63.8±9.4) years old,the average uric acid level of (418.9±120.6) mmol/L,and the HUA detection rate of 44.4%.The HUA group had higher proportions of males,current drinking,current smoking,diabetes,and using antihypertensive drugs,older age,higher diastolic blood pressure,WC,BMI,homocysteine,total cholesterol,TG,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,blood urea nitrogen,creatinine,aspartate aminotransferase,alanine aminotransferase,total protein,albumin,total bilirubin,direct bilirubin, METS-IR, TyG, TyG-BMI, TyG-WC, VAI, TG/HDL-C, and LAP, and lower systolic blood pressure and HDL-C than the normal uric acid group (all P<0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression showed that METS-IR (OR=1.049,95%CI=1.038-1.060, P<0.001), TyG (OR=1.639,95%CI=1.496-1.797, P<0.001), TyG-BMI (OR=1.008,95%CI=1.006-1.010, P<0.001), TyG-WC (OR=1.003,95%CI=1.002-1.004, P<0.001), lnVAI (OR=1.850, 95%CI=1.735-1.973, P<0.001), ln(TG/HDL-C) (OR=1.862,95%CI=1.692-2.048, P<0.001),and lnLAP (OR=1.503,95%CI=1.401-1.613,P<0.001) were associated with the risk of HUA.Curve fitting indicated that METS-IR,TyG,TYG-BMI,TYG-WC,lnVAI,ln(TG/HDL-C),and lnLAP were positively correlated with HUA (all P<0.001),and the AUC of TyG index was higher than that of other IR indexes (all P<0.05). Conclusion Increased IR indexes,especially TyG,were associated with the risk of HUA among people with hypertension.