RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Lomatogonium rotatum (LR) is traditionally used in Mongolian folk medicine as a hypoglycemic agent, but its evidence-based pharmacological effects and me-chanisms of action have not been fully elucidated. AIM: To emphasize the hypoglycemic action mechanism of LR in a type 2 diabetic rat model and examine potential biomarkers to obtain mechanistic understanding regarding serum metabolite modifications. METHODS: A high-fat, high-sugar diet and streptozotocin injection-induced type 2 diabetic rat model was established. The chemical composition of the LR was identified by high performance liquid chromatography. LR extract administrated as oral gavage at 0.5 g/kg, 2.5 g/kg, and 5 g/kg for 4 wk. Anti-diabetic effects of LR extract were evaluated based on histopathological examination as well as the measurement of blood glucose, insulin, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), and lipid levels. Serum metabolites were analyzed using an untargeted metabolomics approach. RESULTS: According to a chemical analysis, swertiamarin, sweroside, hesperetin, coumarin, 1.7-dihydroxy-3,8-dimethoxyl xanthone, and 1-hydroxy-2,3,5 trimethoxanone are the principal active ingredients in LR. An anti-diabetic experiment revealed that the LR treatment significantly increased plasma insulin and GLP-1 levels while effectively lowering blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and oral glucose tolerance test compared to the model group. Furthermore, untargeted metabolomic analysis of serum samples detected 236 metabolites, among which 86 were differentially expressed between the model and the LR group. It was also found that LR considerably altered the levels of metabolites such as vitamin B6, mevalonate-5P, D-proline, L-lysine, and taurine, which are involved in the regulation of the vitamin B6 metabolic pathway, selenium amino acid metabolic pathway, pyrimidine metabolic pathway, and arginine and proline metabolic pathways. CONCLUSION: These findings indicated that LR may have a hypoglycemic impact and that its role may be related to changes in the serum metabolites and to facilitate the release of insulin and GLP-1, which lower blood glucose and lipid profiles.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To study the chemical constituents of Mongolian medicine Halenia corniculata. METHODS: Positive phase and reversed phase silica gel, as well as Sephadex LH-20 methods were used to separate and purify. The structure of the isolated constituents was identified according to the NMR spectroscopy data and the literature data. RESULTS: Nine compounds were isolated from 95% ethanol extracts of petroleum ether part of Halenia corniculata and identified as: 1-hydroxy-2,3,4,6-tetramethoxyxanthone (1), 1-hydroxy-2,3, 5-trimethoxyxanthone (2) 1-hydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyxanthone (3), 1-hydroxy-3,5,6,7,8-pentamethoxyxanthone (4), 1-hydroxy-2,3,4, 7-tetramethoxyxanthone (5), 1-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyxanthone (6),1-hydroxy-2,3,4,5,7-pentamethoxyxanthone (7), palmitic acid (8) and ß-sitosterol (9). CONCLUSION: Compounds 3, 4 and 8 are isolated from this genus for the first time, Compound 1 is isolated from this plant for the first time.
