RESUMO
Neoponcirin causes anxiolytic-like effects in mice when administered intraperitoneally but not orally. Neoponcirin is non-water-soluble and insoluble in solvents, and in medium acid, it isomerizes, reducing its bioavailability. To improve the pharmacological properties of neoponcirin, we formed a neoponcirin complex with beta-cyclodextrin (NEO/ßCD), which was characterized by FT-IR, UV-Vis, and NMR, and their solubility profile. We evaluated the antidepressant-like effects of NEO/ßCD acutely administered to mice orally in the behavioral paradigms, the tail suspension (TST) and the forced swimming (FST) tests. We also analyzed the benefits of repeated oral doses of NEO/ßCD on depression- and anxiety-like behaviors induced in mice by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS), using the FST, hole board, and open field tests. We determined the stressed mice's expression of stress-related inflammatory cytokines (IL-1ß, IL-6, and TNFα) and corticosterone. Results showed that a single or chronic oral administration of NEO/ßCD caused a robust antidepressant-like effect without affecting the ambulatory activity. In mice under CUMS, NEO/ßCD also produced anxiolytic-like effects and avoided increased corticosterone and IL-1ß levels. The effects of the NEO/ßCD complex were robust in both the acute and the stress chronic models, improving brain neurochemistry and recovering immune responses previously affected by prolonged stress.
Assuntos
Antidepressivos , Depressão , Estresse Psicológico , beta-Ciclodextrinas , Animais , beta-Ciclodextrinas/farmacologia , beta-Ciclodextrinas/química , Camundongos , Antidepressivos/farmacologia , Antidepressivos/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Estresse Psicológico/tratamento farmacológico , Depressão/tratamento farmacológico , Comportamento Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Citocinas/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Ansiedade/tratamento farmacológico , Ansiolíticos/farmacologia , Natação , Administração OralRESUMO
Background/Objectives: Crohn's disease is a chronic and debilitating intestinal disorder that alternates between remission and active flare-ups, often leading to hospitalization. Social support is known to enhance adaptation to the disease and modulate stress perception in patients, while stress may exacerbate symptoms. The aim of this study was to examine the roles of perceived stress and social support in Crohn's disease and their impact on the frequency of flare-ups. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted, assessing stress and social support in a cohort of 91 patients with Crohn's disease during flare-up and remission phases. The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14) and a Social Support Questionnaire were utilized for evaluation. We examined the relationship between stress and social support in Crohn's disease. The interaction between the variables studied was also observed, considering the stage of the disease. Finally, we carried out an analysis of the influence of these two variables on the development of flare-ups in Crohn's disease. Results: The study revealed that patients experience higher stress levels during flare-ups and that these levels are amplified by a lack of social support. A significant relationship was identified between the levels of social support and the occurrence of flare-ups, indicating that better social support is associated with fewer flare-ups. Conclusions: Patients with Crohn's disease in the flare-up phase are subject to considerable stress. A deficit in social support is linked to an increase in stress levels. The interaction between social support and stress plays a critical role in the development of flare-ups.
RESUMO
Resumen
Introducción: en la medida en que el sistema de educación superior logre tener mayor información sobre el perfil de los estudiantes, autoridades y profesores estarán en mejores condiciones de cumplir con los objetivos esenciales de la educación.
Objetivo: describir y analizar las características de los estudiantes que ingresan a la Licenciatura en Enfermería en una institución de educación superior.
Metodología: estudio transversal analítico, con 469 alumnos de dos generaciones, previo consentimiento informado se aplicó un cuestionario sobre las características personales, familiares, socioeconómicas y escolares. El análisis fue con el programa estadístico SPSS versión 21, Chi cuadrada y t de student.
Resultados: se encontró asociación entre el sentirse a gusto con la Licenciatura en Enfermería y la elección de la carrera p = 0.000; así como con el deseo de cambiarse de carrera p = 0.000 y con el deseo de estudiar un posgrado en Enfermería p = 0.014. No existe relación entre el promedio del bachillerato y el sexo de los alumnos p = 0.108, con el deseo del alumno para realizar estudios de posgrado p = 0.032, con el espacio para el estudio en casa p = 0.064, ni con el acceso a Internet p = 0.822.
Conclusiones: los factores que facilitan u obstaculizan al estudiante en su tránsito por la licenciatura son: el promedio de bachillerato, las horas de estudio y el gusto por la carrera; así como: el nivel socioeconómico bajo y el grado académico y ocupación de los padres.
Abstract
Introduction: To the extent that the higher education system achieves greater information on the profile of students, authorities and teachers will be better able to meet the essential objectives of education.
Objective: Describe and analyze the characteristics of the students that enter the Nursing Degree in a Higher Education Institution.
Methods: Cross-sectional analytical study, with 469 students from two generations, with prior informed consent, a questionnaire was applied on personal, family, socioeconomic and school characteristics. The analysis was with the SPSS version 21, Chi squared test and Student t test.
Results: An association was found between feeling comfortable with the nursing degree and the choice of career p = 0.000; as well as, with the desire to change career p = 0.000 and with the desire to study a postgraduate nursing degree p = 0.014. There is no relationship between the average of the baccalaureate and the sex of the students p = 0.108; with the desire of the student to carry out postgraduate studies p = 0.032; with the space for home study p = 0.064; and with the Internet access p = 0.822.
Conclusions: The factors that facilitate or hinder the student in their transition through the bachelor's degree are: the high school average, the hours of study and the taste for the career; as well as, the low socioeconomic level and the academic degree and occupation of the parents.
Assuntos
Humanos , Coleta de Dados , Critérios de Admissão Escolar , Educação Profissionalizante , Educação em Enfermagem , Estudantes de Enfermagem , Estudos Transversais , Interpretação Estatística de Dados , México , HumanosRESUMO
Resumen:
En todo el mundo la educación superior enfrenta retos particularmente difíciles, como la formación de profesionistas capaces no simplemente de adaptarse a los imprevisibles cambios de la sociedad y de las actividades técnicas, científicas y sociales, sino de generar y conducir dichos cambios; para asumir este reto, se han buscado varias estrategias a nivel mundial. Una de ellas es la acreditación de programas educativos para impulsar la calidad educativa a través de la implantación de programas de evaluación. En los 30 años que lleva desarrollándose la acreditación en México y América Latina ha tenido avances importantes en la creación de una cultura hacia la evaluación, aunque sigue habiendo una serie de retos y desafíos que se deben vencer, en los que se encuentran comprometidos los diferentes actores que participan.
Abstract:
Higher education worldwide, faces particularly difficult challenges, such as the training of professionals able not just to adapt to unpredictable changes in society and the technical activities, scientific and social, but to generate and drive these changes; to take on this challenge several strategies have been sought worldwide, one is the accreditation of educational programs to enhance the quality of education through the implementation of screening programs. In the 30 years they have been developing accreditation in Mexico and Latin America have made significant progress in creating a culture to the evaluation, although there are still a number of challenges to overcome in which different actors are committed to involve.
Assuntos
Acreditação de Programas , Avaliação Educacional , Educação Profissionalizante , Educação em Enfermagem , Escolas de Enfermagem , México , HumanosRESUMO
Contexto: Diversas dificultades enfrenta la educación superior en México, en donde el abandono de estudios o la reprobación y el consecuente rezago caracterizan a un porcentaje no despreciable de las trayectorias estudiantiles. Objetivos: 1) Identificar los factores escolares y extraescolares con los que ingresan estudiantes de primer semestre de enfermería. 2) Correlacionar los factores escolares y extraescolares con la trayectoria escolar. Metodología: Estudio longitudinal con 278 estudiantes de enfermería; variables: factores escolares, extraescolares y trayectoria escolar. Se aplicó coeficiente de correlación de Pearson y t de Student. Resultados: El promedio de bachillerato fue de 8.2 y al tercer semestre de 8.0; el 64.7% eligió la carrera como primera opción; el 93.2% tiene una buena relación con su familia, el 55.1% tiene un ingreso familiar mensual de $ 2,001.00 a $ 4,000.00; del total de la generación, el 36.6% no se presentó desde un inicio o se encuentra rezagado; la aprobación al tercer semestre fue del 95.7%. Se encontró una asociación lineal estadísticamente significativa entre factores escolares y extraescolares y la trayectoria escolar. Conclusión: Existe un alto porcentaje de deserción; el rendimiento académico se mantuvo en relación con el bachillerato durante el primer y tercer semestre a pesar de los factores escolares y extraescolares negativos existentes
Context: Several difficulties in Mexican college, where school desertion, failing and continuous delay highlight an appreciable percentage in school history. Objective: Correlate and identify school and extracurricular factors that students on first nursing degree present, and how those impact on their school career. Methodology: Cohort research with 278 8th grade nursing students, variables: school and extracurricular factors, school career, Pearson correlation coefficient was applied and Student t. Results: High school students average was 8.2 on 3rd semester 8.0; 64.7% chose nursing career as first option; 93.2% showed a good relationship with their family; 55.1% with a monthly family income from $ 2,001.00 to $ 4,000.00; from all students 36.6% did not attend or are lagging, from 3rd semester 95.7% approved, was found a linear association statistically significant between school and extracurricular factors and school career. Conclusion: There is a high lagging percentage; school performance remained in high school during 1st and 3rd semester despite school and extracurricular negative factors
Assuntos
Educação em Enfermagem/métodos , Educação , Educação Continuada , Educação/métodos , Educação/normas , Educação/tendênciasRESUMO
Resumen
Introducción: en la educación se pretende alcanzar patrones de calidad y excelencia, para lograrlo es importante realizar estudios sobre trayectoria escolar.
Objetivos: analizar y correlacionar factores que afectan la trayectoria escolar de egresadas(os) de la cuarta generación de la licenciatura en enfermería y compararlos con las tres generaciones anteriores.
Metodología: estudio con 104 egresados de la cuarta generación de la licenciatura en enfermería de la FES Iztacala. Se incluyó como variable dependiente trayectoria escolar y como independiente factores que intervienen. Se aplicó instrumento que obtuvo un alpha de Crombach de 0.942 y se aplicaron pruebas de correlación. Se retomó información de las tres generaciones anteriores.
Resultados: 58.7 % de las tres primeras generaciones y 59 % de la cuarta eligió la carrera como primera opción, el promedio de ingreso y de egreso aumenta de 8.25 a 8.80 en las tres primeras generaciones y de 8.48 a 8.70 en la cuarta, 84.3 % tuvieron siempre apoyo económico por parte de los padres, en 83.7 % la dinámica familiar fue propicia para sus estudios, los módulos muy complejos fueron: Procesos homeostáticos, Enfermería en la Salud del Adulto y Metodología de la Investigación, 80.7 % recibió apoyo académico de sus profesores. Se obtuvo χ2 = 3.613, gl = 2, p = 0.164, en general los factores son los mismos para todas las generaciones.
Discusión: los resultados coinciden con los de Acevedo y Meuly (2007), el promedio del bachillerato se mantiene en la licenciatura.
Conclusiones: la trayectoria escolar en relación al aprovechamiento, mejoró respecto al bachillerato no obstante la presencia de factores adversos.
Summary
Introduction: in education to reach quality standards and excellence, it is important to make a research about the school career.
Objective: analyze and correlate the factors affecting the school careers of graduated students of the fourth generation of nursing degree and compare the results with three generations before.
Methodology: a research of 104 graduated students of Nursing degree fourth generation of FES Iztacala. Was included as the dependent variable the school career and as the independent variable the factors affecting. A Test was used to obtain a Cronbach's alpha of 0.942 and correlation tests were applied. Information about three generations before was taken.
Results: 58.7 % of the first three generations and 59 % of the fourth one chose the career at first, the in and out average increase from 8.25 to 8.80 in the three generations before, and from 8.48 to 8.70 in the fourth, 87 % had always economic support from their parents, 83.7 % had family provision to study, hard modules were: Homeostatic processes, Nursing Adult Health and Research Methodology, 80.7 % received academic support from their teachers. Was obtained χ2= 3,613, df = 2, p = 0. 164, in general the factors are the same for all generations.
Discussion: results coincide with the Acevedos and Meuly (2007), most of high school students continue in Nursing degree.
Conclusions: school careers related to development, improved in high school despite of adverse factors.