Aumento de pantorrillas con implantes subfascial

Objetivo: El objetivo del presente estudio es analizar las cirugías de aumento de pantorrillas realizadas por el autor principal describiendo características clínicas de los pacientes, tipos de implantes utilizados y detalles de la técnica quirúrgica con bolsillo subfascial. Material y Método: Estudio de tipo observacional retrospectivo de una serie de 19 pacientes que se realizaron aumento de pantorrilla bilateral por motivos estéticos en una clínica privada en el periodo 2009-2018. Resultados: Todos los pacientes consultaron por piernas delgadas de carácter estético y se les realizó aumento gemelar interno con implantes bilaterales subfascial. En 78% de los casos se utilizó implante de base simétrica y 22% implante de base asimétrica. Hubo 2 complicaciones menores. Discusión: Es necesario contar con mayor variedad de implantes que combinen diferentes medidas de longitud, ancho y proyección que se adecuen a las variables anatomías particulares de cada paciente. Conclusiones: La técnica de implantes de silicona en bolsillo subfascial es satisfactoria con pocas complicaciones. Su éxito depende del correcto balance entre bolsillo e implante. Debería existir mayor variedad de implantes ajustables para cada paciente.

Objective: The objective of the present study is to analyze the calf augmentation surgeries performed by the main author, describing patients' clinical characteristics, types of implants used and details of the surgical technique with subfascial pocket. Materials and Method: A retrospective observational study of a series of 19 patients who underwent bilateral calf augmentation for cosmetic reasons in a private clinic in the period 2009-2018. Results: All patients consulted for slim cosmetic legs, an internal calf augmentation was performed with bilateral implants. In 78% of cases, a symmetrical based implant was used and 22% asymmetric based implant. There were 2 minor complications. Discussion: It is necessary to have a greater variety of implants that combine different measures of length, width and projection that are adapted to the variable anatomies of each patient. Conclusions: Subfascial pocket silicone implant technique is satisfactory with good results and few complications. Its success depends on the correct balance between pocket and implant. It seems that there is not yet a variety of adjustable implants for each patient on the market.

Intermediates in assembly by photoactivation after thermally accelerated disassembly of the manganese complex of photosynthetic water oxidation.

The Mn4Ca complex bound to photosystem II (PSII) is the active site of photosynthetic water oxidation. Its assembly involves binding and light-driven oxidation of manganese, a process denoted as photoactivation. The disassembly of the Mn complex is a thermally activated process involving distinct intermediates. Starting from intermediate states of the disassembly, which was initiated by a temperature jump to 47 degrees C, we photoactivated PSII membrane particles and monitored the activity recovery by O2 polarography and delayed chlorophyll fluorescence measurements. Oxidation state and structural features of the formed intermediates of the Mn complex were assayed by X-ray absorption spectroscopy at the Mn K-edge. The photoactivation time courses, which exhibit a lag phase characteristic of intermediate formation only when starting with the apo-PSII, suggest that within approximately 5 min of photoactivation of apo-PSII, a binuclear Mn complex is formed. It is proposed that a MnIII2(di-mu-oxo) complex is a key intermediate both in the disassembly and in the assembly reaction paths.

Bromide does not bind to the Mn4Ca complex in its S1 state in Cl(-)-depleted and Br(-)-reconstituted oxygen-evolving photosystem II: evidence from X-ray absorption spectroscopy at the Br K-edge.

Chloride is an important cofactor in photosynthetic water oxidation. It can be replaced by bromide with retention of the oxygen-evolving activity of photosystem II (PSII). Binding of bromide to the Mn(4)Ca complex of PSII in its dark-stable S(1) state was studied by X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) at the Br K-edge in Cl(-)-depleted and Br(-)-substituted PSII membrane particles from spinach. The XAS spectra exclude the presence of metal ions in the first and second coordination spheres of Br(-). EXAFS analysis provided tentative evidence of at least one metal ion, which may be manganese or calcium, at a distance of approximately 5 A to Br(-). The native Cl(-) ion may bind at a similar distance. Accordingly, water oxidation may not require binding of a halide directly to the metal ions of the Mn complex in its S(1) state.

Specific loss of the extrinsic 18 KDa protein from photosystem II upon heating to 47 degrees C causes inactivation of oxygen evolution likely due to Ca release from the Mn-complex.

Exposure of Photosystem II (PS II) membrane particles from spinach to a temperature of 47 degrees C caused the rapid release of the 18 kDa protein in parallel to inactivation of oxygen evolution. Previously, it has been suggested that the first heat-jump response involves rapid Ca release from the Mn complex of O2-evolution, followed by the slower release of (2 + 2) MnII ions [Pospisil P et al. (2003) Biophys J 84: 1370-1386]. Here, the predicted biphasic MnII release to the bulk was verified by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Analysis of laser flash-induced delayed fluorescence transients suggests that the loss of the essential Ca ion from the Mn4Ca complex in the dark is due to the loss of the 18 kDa protein. The S2-state multiline EPR signal of the Mn complex was still generated in heat-treated PS II presumably lacking Ca, but retaining four Mn ions.