Production of ß-mannanase, inulinase, and oligosaccharides from coffee wastes and extracts.

This study aimed to produce enzymes (beta (ß)-mannanase using a recombinant Aspergillus sojae AsT3 and inulinase using Aspergillus niger A42) and oligosaccharides (mannooligosaccharides (MOS), fructooligosaccharides (FOS)) using coffee waste, ground coffee, and coffee extract by solid-state fermentation (SSF). Plackett-Burman Design (PBD) was used to create a design for enzyme production with four different parameters (temperature, pH, solid-to-liquid ratio (SLR), and mix with coffee wastes and ground coffee). The highest ß-mannanase and inulinase activities were 71.17 and 564.07 U/mg of protein respectively. Statistical analysis showed that the temperature was statistically significant for the production of both enzymes (P < 0.05). The produced enzymes were utilized in French Pressed coffee extracts to produce oligosaccharides. As a result of the enzymatic hydrolyzation, the highest mannobiose, mannotriose, mannotetraose, and total MOS levels were 109.66, 101.11, 391.02, and 600.64 ppm, respectively. For the FOS production, the maximal 1,1,1-kestopentaose was 38.34 ppm. Consequently, this study demonstrates that a recombinant Aspergillus sojae AsT3 ß-mannanase and Aspergillus niger A42 inulinase produced from coffee wastes and ground coffee can be used in coffee extracts to increase the amount of oligosaccharides in coffee extracts.

Inulinase and fructooligosaccharide production from carob using Aspergillus niger A42 (ATCC 204447) under solid-state fermentation conditions.

This study aimed to the production of inulinase and fructooligosaccharides (FOSs) from carob under the solid-state fermentation (SSF) conditions by using Plackett-Burman Design (PBD). Based on the results the maximum inulinase and specific inulinase activities were 249.98 U/mL and 318.29 U/mg protein, respectively. When the fructooligosaccharide (FOS) results were evaluated, the maximum values of 1,1,1-Kestopentaose, 1,1-Kestotetraose, and 1-Kestose were 182.01, 506.16, 132.16 ppm while the lowest and highest total FOS values were 179.35 and 516.66 ppm, respectively. On the other hand, it was observed that the maximum inulinase activity was found at the center points of the design. Therefore, validation fermentations were carried out at center point conditions. Subsequently, the yielded bulk enzyme extracts were partially purified using Spin-X UF membranes with 10, 30, and 50 kDa cut-off values. After purification, the maximum inulinase activity was 247.30 U/mg using a 50 kDa cut-off value. Followed by this process, the purified enzyme was used to produce FOSs and the results indicated that the maximum total FOS amount was 28,712.70 ppm. Consequently, this study successfully demonstrates that Aspergillus niger A42 inulinase produced from carob under the SSF conditions can be used in FOSs production.