The Influence of Comorbid Endemic Goiter on the Quality of Life of Patients with Gastrointestinal Pathology.

The impairment of adaptive mechanisms of functional systems of the body plays an important role in the occurrence of gastrointestinal diseases. This impairment is caused by unfavorable ecological and radiation conditions, external stress factors, food containing carcinogens, macro - and microelements deficiency. Technogenic environmental pollution contributes to decrease in the level of iodine in the body and more severe course of thyroid pathology. Diseases of the digestive and endocrine systems and their combination will occupy one of the leading places among the existing pathologies according to the forecasts of WHO experts in the XXI century. Adaptation of the body to various environmental influences is the most important factor in the quality of life. The relevance of the study was determined by the high incidence of psychological disadaptation, borderline personality disorders and, as a consequence, decrease in the quality of life in patients with gastrointestinal pathology and hypothyroidism. The article presents the results of comparative analysis of the quality of life indications of patients with gastric ulcer and / or gastroesophageal reflux disease in combination with hypothyroidism. The Russian-language analogue of the international questionnaire SF36 was used to analyze the indicatoions of patients' quality of life. The results of the study will allow to formulate the diagnosis exactly and organize adequate, comprehensive multidisciplinary treatment.

Magnetic nanogold microspheres-based lateral-flow immunodipstick for rapid detection of aflatoxin B2 in food.

A novel membrane-based lateral-flow immunodipstick assay was developed for the fast screening of aflatoxin B(2) (AFB(2)) as a model compound in food samples. The detector reagent consisted of magnetic nanogold microspheres (MnGMs) with nano-Fe(2)O(3) particles as core and gold nanoparticles as shell, and bio-functionalized with monoclonal anti-AFB(2) antibodies. Manually spotted AFB(2)-bovine serum albumin conjugates (AFB(2)-BSA) and goat anti-mouse IgG on nitrocellulose membrane were used as test and control lines, respectively. As the major advantage, experimental results indicated that the visual detection limit (cutoff value) of the MnGM-based dipstick immunoassay with 0.9 ng/ml AFB(2) was about threefold lower compared to a conventional immunodipstick test using gold nanoparticles as detection reagent. Qualitative results (yes/no) could be obtained within 15 min without expensive equipment. The assay was evaluated with AFB(2) spiked or naturally contaminated samples (n=8), including peanuts, hazelnuts, pistacia and almonds, receiving excellent correspondance with results from high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Most importantly, the assay gave no false negative results. By controlling the target antibody this assay can be easily extended for use with other food relevant toxins and thus represents a versatile detection method.

Novel gel-based rapid test for non-instrumental detection of ochratoxin A in beer.

A rapid easy-to-use immunoassay was optimised for the non-instrumental detection of ochratoxin A (OTA) in beer. The analytical method involves preconcentration on the immunoaffinity layer inside a column followed by direct competitive ELISA detection in the same layer. The visual cut-off value, i.e. the lowest OTA concentration resulting in no colour development, was 0.2 microg L(-1). Assay validation was performed using samples spiked with OTA. Thirty-seven naturally contaminated samples were screened with the gel-based method developed and no false-negative results were obtained. The method described offers a simple, rapid and cost-effective screening tool, thus contributing to better health protection of consumers.

[The structure and diversiity of hereditary pathology in Sakha Republic (Yakutia)]. / Struktura i raznoobrazie nasledstvennoi patologii v respublike sakha (Iakutiia).

The diversity of Mendelian hereditary pathology has been studied in Sakha Republic (Yakutia). The sample comprised 1 000 700 subjects, including 363 316 Yakuts, 14 428 Evenks, 8668 Evens, 550 263 Russians, and 64 025 subjects from other ethnic groups. Fifty-one autosomal dominant (AD) diseases, including five diseases with frequencies of 1 : 50 000 or higher; 40 autosomal recessive (AR) diseases, including eight diseases with frequencies of 1 : 50 000 or higher in the Yakut population; and five X-linked diseases have been detected.

[Burden of hereditary diseases in residents of the Sakh republic (Iakutiia)]. / Gruz nasledstvennykh boleznei u naseleniia respubliki Sakha (Iakutiia).

Summarized data of medical genetic survey of the population of Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) are presented. The number of the population examined constituted 1000700 individuals (including 424500000 of urban and 576,200 of rural population, respectively). Regarding the ethnicity, 33 regions of the Republic examined were at most inhabited by Yakuts (36%) and Russians (55%). A total of 400 families (606 patients) with autosomal dominant, 274 families (369 patients) with autosomal recessive, and 42 families (53 patients) with X-linked pathologies were detected. The segregation analysis performed showed good correlation with the expected type of inheritance for both dominant and recessive diseases. The prevalence rate of monogenic hereditary diseases for rural and urban populations, as well as for solely Yakuts, was calculated. It was shown that weighted average prevalence of dominant (0.68; 1.44) and recessive (0.43; 0.86) disorders in Yakuts was two times higher than in total population examined.

[The host-opportunistic protozoa system. The incidence of mixed infections (Pneumocystis and cytomegalovirus) in children living in radionuclide-contaminated areas]. / Sistema "khoziain-uslovno-patogennye prosteishie". Chastota smeshannykh infektsii (pneumotsistnoi i tsitomegalovirusnoi) u detei, prozhivaiushchikh na zagriaznennykh radionuklidami territoriiakh.

The purpose of our study was to determine the influence of ionized radiation onto the frequency of mixed infections (P. carinii and Cytomegalovirus) in children inhabitants of the settlements affected with radionuclide after Chernobyl accident. Two groups of children were under survey. 1) 103 inhabitants of Novozybkov (Bryansk Province, Russia) and 38 patients under observation in Moscow paediatric hospital from another affected villages (5-15 Ci/km2) were examined serologically by the diagnostic system "Pneumo-test" and "Cytomegatest" (Nyarmedic, Moscow, Russia). Cut-off titers for P. carinii were IgM-1: 200, IgG-1: 20, for CMV IgG-1: 200, 2) Retrospective study of 563 patients with respiratory pathology and 1809 died children after acute pneumonia during 14 years period. Sputum and mucus of the patients taken by laryngoscopy and bronchoscopy were studied for P. carinii by microscopy, the section of lungs--histologically. The sediments of urine and saliva were examined for CMV by microscopy and section of different organs_-histologically. Examinations were performed by one and the same highly qualified pathologist. The results of the study were as follows. 1. Of 563 children examined for both P. carinii and CMV 186 (33%) were positive for P. carinii and 189 (33.7%) for CMV. Both pathogens were found in 46 children (8.2%), mainly among 1-2 and 6-12 month age (8.5 and 14.5%, respectively). Retrospective analysis of 1809 autopsy results shows, that in 73 cases (4%) were found only P. carinii, in 200 (11.1%) only CMV and in 24 (1.3%) two pathogens simultaneously. 2. Of 103 children surveyed serologically P. carinii monoinfection was found in 7 (8.8%), CMV-in 25 (24.3%) and coinfection in 55 (53.4%). Estimated frequency for coinfection (if combination of two infections were to be accidental) should equal 46.8%. In control group consisted of 30 children from clean Moscow region the rate of coinfection was 16.7% and estimated rate 15% (the difference between empiric and estimated rates are statistically significant, t > 4). Thus it is clear that the rate of coinfection of P. carinii and CMV is always high either in clean or in affected by ionized radiation regions. This rate determined by microscopy was higher in patients (8.2%) than in autopsy cases (1.3%) and much higher in children from affected region (53.3%) than in control (16.7%), being determined serologically. Separate interest present geometric mean titers found in the cases of coinfection. The titer for anti-CMV IgG in children from affected regions was rather high (5884 vs. 1246 in control) and on the contrary titers for anti-P. carinii IgM and IgG were lower than in control (512 vs. 1245 and 58 vs. 159 respectively). We are incline to interpret the results of our study as evidence of increased susceptibility to P. carinii and CMV in those children whose immune system was suppressed by premorbid factors or ionized radiation and peculiar symbiotic relationships of P. carinii and CMV resulting in enhancement of their infectiousness.

[The host-opportunistic protozoa system. The effect of ionizing radiation on the prevalence of cryptosporidiosis and pneumocystosis]. / Sistema "khoziain-uslovno-patogennye prosteishie". Vliianie ioniziruiushchei radiatsii na rasprostranenie kriptosporidioza i pnevmotsistoza.

The aim of this study was to determine an influence of ionized radiation on the prevalence of Cryptosporidium and Pneumocystis carinii (P. c.) infections in children inhabitants of settlements affected by radionuclides after Chernobyl accident. Survey of children from day-care centers for prevalence of Cryptosporidium was carried out in Bryansk region, Russia, and Gomel and Mogilev regions, Belarus; children from cities Mogilev and Gomel as well as small town Pochep, Bryansk region, serve as control clean zones. Survey for P. c. seroprevalence was carried out in town Novozybkov, Bryansk region, Specific Ab to P. c. determined by "Pneumo-test" system (Nyarmedic. Moscow. Russia), an evaluation of immune status included assessment of Ig in serum and saliva by Manchini method. Results of the study were as follows: 1) of 432 healthy children surveyed for Cryptosporidium oocysts 352 were from affected regions: the prevalence in Bryansk region was 8% vs. 2.8% in control, in Gomel and Mogilev 4.1% vs. 2.8%. 2) Prevalence anti-P.c. Ab accounts 56.3% in children and 78.2% in adult inhabitants of Novozybkov vs. 30% in children of control group. Special interest presents an relationship of seroprevalence P.c. and secretory immunity examined twice with 2 month interval. At the first survey IgG in seropositive for P. c. children was found in 36.8% (vs. 23.1% in control) and secretary IgA in 13.2% vs. 5.8% in control. At the second survey IgG was found in 53.4% vs. 21.8% and IgA in 2.7% vs. 1.8% in control. Taking into consideration the known fact that IgG and IgA in saliva are result of their transudation from blood through the inflammatory mucosa we consider that long ionized radiation impairs the barrier function of mucosae.

[Role of biopotentials of the retina in the study of mechanisms of the development of nystagmus]. / Rol' biopotentsialov setchatki v izuchenii mekhanizmov vozniknoveniia nistagma.

Total and local electroretinograms were studied simultaneously with registration of visual evoked potentials in 174 patients with nystagmus without pathologic shifts in the anterior section of the eyeball. Clinical and electrophysiologic findings permitting dividing the patients with nystagmus into two groups with different prognosis of the disease course: that without apparent changes in the fundus oculi with normal and subnormal parameters of the total and local ERG and that with pathologic changes in the retina and optic nerve and the corresponding electrophysiologic symptoms. Central mechanisms of nystagmus origin may be supposed in Group 1; visual function improved after pleoptic treatment. In Group 2 sensory mechanisms of nystagmus development are possible; visual functions did not improve after therapy. The mechanisms of vision deterioration in nystagmus are to be studied.

[Results of a new operation in the treatment of nystagmus]. / Wyniki nowej operacji w leczeniu oczoplasu.

A new surgical procedure is presented (Avietisov 1978) which in contrast to the Anderson-Kestenbaum method may be used in nystagmus of every kind. The essential element of this procedure is the resection of the anterior belly of the eye muscles comprising the neuro-muscular spindles responsible for the local mechanisms regulating the action of the oculomotor muscles. Application of this method in 76 patients caused a decrease of the nystagmus amplitude in all types of this condition. The discussed operation did not however influence the frequency of the ocular movements. The performed surgical procedure lead to an improvement of the visual acuity and of the position of the head.

Separation of some platinum metal 8-hydroxyquinolinates by normal phase high-performance liquid chromatography.

The method of normal phase high-performance liquid chromatography has been applied to the separation and determination of Pd(II), Pt(II), Rh(III), Ir(IV), Ru(III) and Os(IV) as chelates with 8-hydroxyquinoline on a 62 x 2 mm column packed with Silasorb 600 5 mu silica gel by elution with methylene chloride-isopropyl alcohol mixture (97:3 v/v). The detection limits (ng per 5 mul), were Pd 0.3, Pt 1.0, Rh 1.0, Ir 5.0, Ru 1.5, Os 25. The separation time was 12 min at a flow-rate of 0.1 ml/min.

[Manifestations of pseudo-allergy in different diseases in children]. / Proiavleniia psevdoallergii pri razlichnykh zabolevaniiakh u detei.

Fifty-seven children aged 1 to 14 years with pseudoallergic reactions were followed up. The reactions manifested in the form of eczema, neurodermatitis, urticaria, and Quincke's edema. All the patients showed different pathology associated with the above-indicated skin reactions. The infants presented with the hypertensive hydrocephalic syndrome whereas the elder children with vegetovascular dystonia, biliary and gastrointestinal diseases. The treatment of the revealed pathological process, that included administration of histaglobulin or zaditen, brought about well-defined positive clinical changes.

Liquid chromatography of palladium and non-ferrous metal chelates with 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol.

1-(2-Pyridylazo)-2-naphthol has been used for extraction concentration of palladium, copper, cobalt and nickel from aqueous solutions and subsequent separation of the chelates obtained, by means of high-pressure liquid chromatography. A technique for determining microamounts of palladium in aqueous solutions in the presence of 100-fold ratio of copper and 80-fold ratio of cobalt has been developed.

[Human IgG subclass study. II. The levels of the individual IgG subclasses in paired sera from mothers and newborn infants as well as in the blood sera of inhabitants of an isolated northern village]. / Issledovanie subklassov IgG cheloveka. Soobshchenie II. Urovni otdel'nykh subklassov IgG v parnykh syvorotkakh materei i novorozhdennykh, a takzhe v syvorotkakh krovi zhitelei severnogo sela-izoliata.

The levels of the first 3 subclasses of IgG, as determined by the radial immunodiffusion test, proved to be similar in the blood sera obtained from mothers and newborns in Moscow. The concentration of IgG4 was 0.64 +/- 0.02 g/l iently indicative of a limited passage of IgG4 molecules through the placenta. The inhabitants of an isolated northern village were found to have the inheritable combined deficit of IfG2 and IgG3 synthesis in their blood sera, which was probably due to the prolonged processes of inbreeding and the progenitor effect.

[Determination of human IgI allotypes by using a set of stable erythrocyte antigenic diagnostica of varying specificity]. / Opredelenie allotipov IgG cheloveka s pomoshch'iu nabora stabil'nykh éritrotsitarnykh antigennykh diagnostikumov raznoi spetsifichnost.

Technology of preparing a set of stable antigenic diagnostic agents of commercial type for determination of genetic determinants of human IgG and antibodies to them in the human blood sera and in the animal hyperimmune sera was worked out. Antisera against some human IgG allotypes were prepared. The frequency of detection of individual IgG allotypes and antibodies to them in human sera was studied.