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Background Diabetes is characterized by elevated blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production or abnormalities in cellular activity. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most prominent indicators of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which develops in pregnant women whose pancreatic function is insufficient to control the insulin resistance associated with pregnancy. Moreover, it is the most common metabolic disorder, with the majority of cases beginning in the second or third trimester of pregnancy and affecting up to 25% of pregnant women. Objectives The objective of this study was to identify factors associated with postpartum T2DM screening in women with GDM at King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH) between 2010 and 2022. The secondary objective was to assess the factors associated with providing information to the patients about the risks of increased blood glucose and postpartum lifestyle modification. Methods We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study at KAUH to investigate potential factors associated with postpartum screening for T2DM. Out of 564 patients diagnosed with GDM between 2020 and 2022, we included 200 women aged over 18 years with a history of GDM, as they met the inclusion criteria for our study. Patients younger than 18 years with missing or incomplete baseline characteristics were excluded. Data were analyzed using SPSS Statistics version 21 (IBM Corp. Released 2012. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 21.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.), and p-value <0.05 was considered significant. Results A total of 200 postpartum women with GDM were included in this study. Their mean age was 35.02±5.2 years. Many of them had a family history of diabetes (83.0%) and a previous diagnosis of GDM (60.5%). The patients who performed glucose testing six weeks after birth were previously diagnosed with GDM (37.0%) or with a family history of diabetes (45.5%). The significant variables in this analysis were mothers having frequent postpartum hospital follow-up visits (P<0.001), mothers with gestational weight gain (P=0.018), those who were informed about the risks of increased blood glucose (P=0.011), and those who were informed about plans for postpartum glucose screening (P=0.002). The mothers with a previous history of GDM were the highest to be informed of the risks of elevated blood glucose. Conclusion Frequent postpartum hospital follow-up visits, gestational weight gain, knowledge of the risks of elevated blood sugar, and postpartum glucose screening plans were all associated with postpartum glucose testing rates among women with GDM in Saudi Arabia.
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Background Postpartum depression (PPD) is a form of depression that can occur after childbirth and is characterized by feelings of sadness. It is a common psychological problem that affects women and children. This study aimed to assess the association between PPD and risk factors, such as delivery mode, ABO blood group, and passive smoking in Saudi Arabia. Methods PPD was assessed in this cross-sectional using an Arabic version of the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale through an online questionnaire distributed to women in Saudi Arabia between January and March 2022. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 26 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Results A total of 354 postpartum women completed the questionnaire within six weeks of giving birth. Their mean age and BMI were 30.1±6.78 years and 25.98±5.84 kg/m2, respectively. PPD occurred in 56.2% of the participants. Elective cesarean section and operative vaginal delivery were associated with the presence of PPD symptoms in 17.6% and 7% of the women, respectively. The majority of those with third and fourth degrees and those who had instrumental assisted delivery had postpartum depression and this was statistically significant (p=0.017). About 26.6% of the participants were exposed to passive smoking, and 21.9% of them developed PPD. However, it was not statistically significant. Moreover, women with PPD were more likely to have blood type O+, followed by A+. Demographic factors did not show a significant correlation with developing PPD except for age (p=0.01), those who developed PPD were much younger on average than those who did not develop PPD (29.28±6.61 years vs. 31.15±6.86 years). Conclusion A significant association was found between PPD and the type of delivery. The association between PPD and passive smoking, ABO blood groups was insignificant. However, women who developed PPD were younger on average than those who did not develop PPD.
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Objectives The study aims to correlate craniotomies and their effect on epileptic activity and to assess the impact of prophylaxis anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) used to prevent seizure activity after craniotomy. Method This was a mono-center retrospective review of patients undergoing craniotomy from 2010-2021 at King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH), a tertiary center in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The patients were divided into two groups depending on preoperative anti-epileptic drug usage and the occurrence of seizures after the surgery. Out of 192, 24.6% had a seizure before the surgery, while the rest reported no seizure activity. We used descriptive statistics to categorize the study population and applied t-test and chi-square to compare different groups and outcomes. Results One-hundred-ninety-two patients were studied: 24.6% had preoperative seizure history and 82.1% were on prophylactic AEDs. The incidence of post-craniotomy seizures was 7.6% in patients with anti-epileptic prophylaxis and 2.7% in those without prophylaxis before the surgery. Almost three-quarters of the patients (72.4%) had surgery for brain tumor resection and redo-craniotomy while the rest (25.5%) were for intracranial hemorrhages (p=0.052). On multivariate analysis, the primary predictor of post-craniotomy seizures was the preoperative history of seizures. Finally, the administration of AEDs does not prevent seizure occurrence after craniotomy (p=0.153). Moreover, the type of prophylaxis and reason for the surgery played no significant role in seizure occurrence. Conclusion Post-craniotomy seizures were common, and preoperative AEDs for primary seizure prevention were not associated with a lower incidence of seizures after craniotomy.