RESUMO
Background: Prolonged preoperative fasting may impair nutritional status of the patient and their recovery. In contrast, some studies show that fasting abbreviation can improve the response to trauma and decrease the length of hospital stay. Aim: Investigate whether the prescribed perioperative fasting time and practiced by patients is in compliance with current multimodal protocols and identify the main factors associated. Methods: Cross-sectional study with 65 patients undergoing elective surgery of the digestive tract or abdominal wall. We investigated the fasting time in the perioperative period, hunger and thirst reports, physical status, diabetes diagnosis, type of surgery and anesthesia. Results: The patients were between 19 and 87 years, mostly female (73.8%). The most performed procedure was cholecystectomy (47.69%) and general anesthesia the most used (89.23%). The most common approach was to start fasting from midnight for liquids and solids, and most of the patients received grade II (64.6%) to the physical state. The real fasting average time was 16 h (9.5-41.58) was higher than prescribed (11 h, 6.58 -26.75). The patients submitted to surgery in the afternoon were in more fasting time than those who did in the morning (p<0.001). The intensity of hunger and thirst increased in postoperative fasting period (p=0.010 and 0.027). The average period of postoperative fasting was 18.25 h (3.33-91.83) and only 23.07% restarted feeding on the same day. Conclusion: Patients were fasted for prolonged time, higher even than the prescribed time and intensity of the signs of discomfort such as hunger and thirst increased over time. To better recovery and the patient's well-being, it is necessary to establish a preoperative fasting abbreviation protocol.
Racional: O jejum perioperatório prolongado pode prejudicar estado nutricional do paciente e sua recuperação. Em contrapartida, estudos mostram que abreviação do jejum pode melhorar a resposta ao trauma e diminuir o tempo de internação. Objetivo: Investigar se o tempo de jejum perioperatório prescrito e praticado pelos pacientes se encontra em conformidade com os protocolos multimodais atuais e identificar os principais fatores associados. Métodos: Estudo transversal com 65 pacientes, submetidos às operações eletivas do aparelho digestivo ou parede abdominal. Foi investigado o tempo de jejum no período perioperatório, relatos de fome e sede, classificação do estado físico, diagnóstico de diabete, tipo de operação e de anestesia. Resultados: Os pacientes tinham entre 19 e 87 anos, sendo a maioria do sexo feminino (73,8%). O procedimento mais realizado foi colecistectomia (47,69%) e a anestesia geral a mais usada (89,23%). A orientação mais frequente foi jejum a partir de meia noite para líquidos e sólidos e a maior parte dos pacientes recebeu classificação II (64,6%) para o estado físico. O tempo médio de jejum real foi 16 h (9,5-41,58) sendo maior que o prescrito (11 h; 6,58-26,75) com p<0,001. Aqueles que realizaram a operação no período da tarde ficaram mais tempo de jejum do que aqueles do período matutino (p<0,001). A intensidade de fome e sede aumentou no período de jejum pós-operatório (p=0,010 e 0,027). O período de jejum médio pós-operatório foi 18,25 h (3,33-91,83) e apenas 23,07% reiniciou a alimentação no mesmo dia. Conclusão: Os pacientes permaneceram em jejum por tempo prolongando, ainda maior que o tempo prescrito e a intensidade dos sinais de desconforto como fome e sede aumentaram ao longo do tempo. Para melhor recuperação e bem-estar do paciente, faz-se necessário instituir um protocolo de abreviação do jejum perioperatório.
Assuntos
Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Protocolos Clínicos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Eletivos , Jejum , Assistência Perioperatória/normas , Estudos Transversais , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Prolonged preoperative fasting may impair nutritional status of the patient and their recovery. In contrast, some studies show that fasting abbreviation can improve the response to trauma and decrease the length of hospital stay. AIM: Investigate whether the prescribed perioperative fasting time and practiced by patients is in compliance with current multimodal protocols and identify the main factors associated. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with 65 patients undergoing elective surgery of the digestive tract or abdominal wall. We investigated the fasting time in the perioperative period, hunger and thirst reports, physical status, diabetes diagnosis, type of surgery and anesthesia. RESULTS: The patients were between 19 and 87 years, mostly female (73.8%). The most performed procedure was cholecystectomy (47.69%) and general anesthesia the most used (89.23%). The most common approach was to start fasting from midnight for liquids and solids, and most of the patients received grade II (64.6%) to the physical state. The real fasting average time was 16 h (9.5-41.58) was higher than prescribed (11 h, 6.58 -26.75). The patients submitted to surgery in the afternoon were in more fasting time than those who did in the morning (p<0.001). The intensity of hunger and thirst increased in postoperative fasting period (p=0.010 and 0.027). The average period of postoperative fasting was 18.25 h (3.33-91.83) and only 23.07% restarted feeding on the same day. CONCLUSION: Patients were fasted for prolonged time, higher even than the prescribed time and intensity of the signs of discomfort such as hunger and thirst increased over time. To better recovery and the patient's well-being, it is necessary to establish a preoperative fasting abbreviation protocol.
