Práticas de humanização com parturientes no ambiente hospitalar: revisão integrativa / Prácticas de humanización con parturientas en el ámbito hospitalario: revisión integrativa / Humanization practices with pregnant women in the hospital environment: integrative review

Objetivo analisar a produção científica de profissionais de saúde sobre as práticas de humanização no trabalho de parto e parto. Metodologia revisão integrativa de literatura realizada nas bases de dados SciELO e LILACS no mês de maio de 2016 com os descritores: "parto", "parto humanizado", "salas de parto", "hospitais", "hospitalizações", "maternidade", "assistência hospitalar", "humanização da assistência" e "gestantes". O recorte temporal foi de 2011 a 2015. Foram selecionados 21 artigos. Resultados o cuidado humanizado prestado à parturiente esteve relacionado às práticas assistenciais e à dimensão subjetiva relacional. Conclusão as práticas de humanização realizadas com a parturiente no ambiente hospitalar coadunam-se com a Política Nacional de Humanização e com as recomendações de boas práticas de atenção ao nascimento da Rede Cegonha dispensadas às mulheres no trabalho de parto e parto, iniciativas relevantes e capazes de agregar qualidade ao processo de parturição.

Objetivo analizar la producción científica de profesionales de salud sobre las prácticas de humanización en el trabajo de parto y el parto. Metodología revisión integrativa de literatura realizada en bases SciELO y LILACS, durante mayo de 2016, con los descriptores: "Parto", "Parto Humanizado", "Salas de Parto", "Hospitales", "Hospitalizaciones", "Maternidad", "Atención Hospitalaria", "Humanización de la Atención" y "Mujeres Embarazadas". El recorte temporal fue de 2011 a 2015. Fueron seleccionados 21 artículos. Resultados la atención humanizada brindada a la parturienta estuvo relacionada a las prácticas de asistenciales y a la dimensión subjetiva relacional. Conclusión las prácticas de humanización realizadas con la parturienta en el ámbito hospitalario condicen con la Política Nacional de Humanización y con las recomendaciones de buenas prácticas de atención al nacimiento de la Rede Cegonha realizadas con las mujeres en el trabajo de parto y parto, iniciativas relevantes que suman calidad al proceso de parición.

Objective to analyze the scientific output of health professionals about the humanizing practices in labor and childbirth. Method an integrative literature review was carried out in the SciELO and LILACS databases in May 2016 with the following descriptors: "childbirth", "humanizing delivery", "delivery rooms", "hospitals", "hospitalizations", "maternity hospitals", "hospital care", "humanization of assistance" and "pregnant women". The time frame was from 2011 to 2015. Twenty-one articles were selected. Results humanizing care provided to pregnant women was related to care practices and to a relational subjective aspect. Conclusions humanizing practices carried out with pregnant women in the hospital environment comply with the National Humanization Policy and with Rede Cegonha's recommendations of good practices for childbirth care provided to women during labor and childbirth, which are relevant initiatives capable of improving quality of parturition.

Genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii: DNA extraction from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded autopsy tissues from AIDS patients who died by severe disseminated toxoplasmosis

This study investigated the genetic features of Toxoplasma gondii isolated directly in autopsies of HIV-infected patients who died with severe disseminated toxoplasmosis. This retrospective analysis was conducted in a cohort of 15 HIV-infected patients with clinical and laboratory data. They had previous cerebral toxoplasmosis at least 6 months before the disseminated toxoplasmosis episode. The hypothesis was that they were infected with highly virulent parasites due to the condition in which they died. T. gondii genotyping was done directly in DNA extracted from 30 autopsy brain and lung samples (2 per patient) and mutilocus PCR-RFLP genotyping was done using 12 molecular markers. The 30 clinical samples were genotyped successfully in 8 or more loci and six suggestive genotypes were identified. One of them was Toxo DB #11, previously identified in different domestic animals and virulent in experimental animals. The other five suggestive genotypes identified in 14 patients were not described. TgHuDis1 was the most frequent and was determined in 8 patients. TgHuDis3 and TgHuDis5 were identified in two patients each. TgHuDis2 and TgHuDis4 have been identified in one patient each. These suggestive genotypes could be considered as virulent, since they caused severe tissue damage and had similar characteristics as Toxo # DB 11

Genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii: DNA extraction from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded autopsy tissues from AIDS patients who died by severe disseminated toxoplasmosis.

This study investigated the genetic features of Toxoplasma gondii isolated directly in autopsies of HIV-infected patients who died with severe disseminated toxoplasmosis. This retrospective analysis was conducted in a cohort of 15 HIV-infected patients with clinical and laboratory data. They had previous cerebral toxoplasmosis at least 6 months before the disseminated toxoplasmosis episode. The hypothesis was that they were infected with highly virulent parasites due to the condition in which they died. T. gondii genotyping was done directly in DNA extracted from 30 autopsy brain and lung samples (2 per patient) and mutilocus PCR-RFLP genotyping was done using 12 molecular markers. The 30 clinical samples were genotyped successfully in 8 or more loci and six suggestive genotypes were identified. One of them was Toxo DB #11, previously identified in different domestic animals and virulent in experimental animals. The other five suggestive genotypes identified in 14 patients were not described. TgHuDis1 was the most frequent and was determined in 8 patients. TgHuDis3 and TgHuDis5 were identified in two patients each. TgHuDis2 and TgHuDis4 have been identified in one patient each. These suggestive genotypes could be considered as virulent, since they caused severe tissue damage and had similar characteristics as Toxo # DB 11.

Genotyping of toxoplasma gondii: DNA extraction from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded autopsy tissues from AIDS patients who died by severe disseminated toxoplasmosis

This study investigated the genetic features of T. gondii isolated directly in autopsies of HIV-infected patients who died with severe disseminated toxoplasmosis. This retrospective analysis was conducted in a cohort of 15 HIV-infected patients with clinical and laboratory data. They had previous cerebral toxoplasmosis at least 6 months before the disseminated toxoplasmosis episode. The hypothesis was that they were infected with highly virulent parasites due to the condition in which they died. T. gondii genotyping was done directly in DNA extracted from 30 autopsy brain and lung samples (2 per patient) and mutilocus PCR-RFLP genotyping was done using 12 molecular markers. The 30 clinical samples were genotyped successfully in 8 or more loci and six suggestive genotypes were identified. One of them was Toxo DB #11, previously identified in different domestic animals and virulent in experimental animals. The other five suggestive genotypes...(AU)

Clinicopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation of oesophageal leiomyosarcoma in a dog / Aspectos clínico-patológicos e imuno-histoquímicos de um caso de leiomiossarcoma esofágico canino

Oesophageal leiomyosarcoma is a malignant neoplasm of smooth muscle fibres that is infrequently reported in the literature. Because of the importance of definitive diagnosis and the low incidence of this tumour in dogs, it was reported a case of oesophageal leiomyosarcoma in a dog. A 13-year-old intact male Rottweiler presented regurgitation, hyporexia, and chronic weight loss. After an imaging examination, tumour in the thoracic oesophagus was suspected and a biopsy was sugested for definitive diagnosis. However, the owner did not permit the procedure. Six months after the clinical diagnosis, the patient was brought for evaluation of anorexia, apathy, and severe dyspnoea. Because of the patient's clinical signs and lack of response to emergency treatment, he was euthanized. Upon necropsy, it was identified the neoplastic formation, previously identified in the radiographic examination in the thoracic oesophagus, near the diaphragm. Histopathology revealed a proliferation of mesenchymal cells, and the diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma was confirmed by immunohistochemical examination. Despite the low incidence of oesophageal leiomyosarcoma, it should be included as a differential diagnosis for animals with chronic regurgitation.

O leiomiossarcoma esofágico é um neoplasma maligno das fibras musculares lisas pouco descrito na literatura e, devido à importância do seu diagnóstico definitivo e à baixa frequência desta neoplasia em cães, relata-se um caso de leiomiossarcoma em localização esofágica. Foi atendido um cão, 13 anos, Rottweiler, com histórico de regurgitação, hiporexia e perda de peso crônica. Após exames complementares de imagem, suspeitou-se de neoplasma localizado em esôfago torácico, no entanto, o proprietário optou por não realizar nenhum exame para o diagnóstico definitivo. Após seis meses do atendimento inicial, o animal retornou com anorexia, apatia e dispneia severa. Devido aos sinais clínicos apresentados e ausência de resposta ao tratamento emergencial instituído, optou-se pela eutanásia. Foi realizada a necropsia e, no esôfago torácico, próximo à região diafragmática, foi possível identificar a formação neoplásica anteriormente visualizada no exame radiográfico. O exame histopatológico revelou proliferação de células mesenquimais, sugestiva de leiomiossarcoma. O diagnóstico foi confirmado pelo exame imuno-histoquímico. Apesar da baixa frequência do leiomiossarcoma esofágico, animais que apresentam regurgitação crônica devem ser investigados quanto à possibilidade desse diagnóstico.

Cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC) effect on the thermal stability of oxy-HbGp: dynamic light scattering (DLS) and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) studies.

Glossoscolex paulistus (HbGp) hemoglobin is an oligomeric protein, displaying a quaternary structure constituted by 144 globin and 36 non-globin chains (named linkers) with a total molecular mass of 3.6MDa. CTAC effects on the oxy-HbGp thermal stability were investigated, by DLS and SAXS, at pH 5.0, 7.0 and 9.0. DLS data show that the oxy-HbGp-CTAC interactions induce a significant decrease of the protein thermal stability, with the formation of larger aggregates, at pH 5.0 and 7.0. In the acidic pH, oxy-HbGp 0.5mg/mL, undergoes a partial oligomeric dissociation, on going from 0.2 to 0.6mmol/L of CTAC, accompanied by a decrease in the Dh values from 27±1 to 22±1nm. It is observed, for the first time, that in the absence and in the presence of CTAC, oxy-HbGp undergoes a partial oligomeric dissociation, with increase of temperature, before denaturation and aggregation at pH values 7.0 and 5.0. SAXS data show that oxy-HbGp undergoes denaturation at 60°C, in the presence of CTAC, pH 5.0. At neutral pH 7.0, the aggregation process starts at 20°C, with increase of Rg and Dmax parameters. At both pH values, 5.0 and 7.0, the denaturation and aggregation are accompanied by the sedimentation of the aggregates. At pH 9.0, oxy-HbGp is totally dissociated at 40°C, in the presence of 0.2mmol/L of CTAC, while in the presence of 0.4mmol/L of surfactant the aggregation process starts at 20°C, with the full denaturation of protein at higher temperature. Finally, our data show, for the first time, that the oligomeric dissociation is an important step in the thermal denaturation of oxy-HbGp, in the presence of CTAC, independently of both the pH and the protein concentration.

Toxoplasmose gástrica em paciente infectado pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana. Relato de caso / Gastric toxoplasmosis in patient infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Case report

A toxoplasmose é uma zoonose altamente disseminada. A maio­ria das infecções em imunocompetentes é assintomática. Porém, em pacientes imunodeprimidos, a infecção adquire um curso variável. Em pacientes com contagem de CD4 abaixo de 100 e que foram previamente expostos ao Toxoplasma gondii, pode haver reativação da doença em diversos tecidos. Envolvimento do trato gastrintestinal por Toxoplasma gondii é raramente relatado. Embora os sintomas gastrintestinais sejam comuns entre os pacientes com síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida, a maioria é causada por infecções entéricas que não o Toxoplasma gondii. O objetivo deste estudo foi relatar um caso raro de toxoplasmose gástrica. Paciente do gênero feminino, 38 anos, com diagnóstico recente de vírus da imunodeficiência humana, iniciou sintomas gástricos inespecíficos como: epigastralgia, náuseas, vômitos e perda ponderal. O diagnóstico definitivo foi fechado com o estudo anatomopatológico da lesão na mucosa gástrica. Foi instituído tratamento para a toxoplasmose com clindamicina, pirimetamina e ácido folínico (devido à mielotoxicidade), com melhora parcial dos sintomas. Embora raro, a toxoplasmose gástrica deve entrar no diagnóstico diferencial de dor epigástrica em pacientes portadores da síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida com contagem de CD4 baixa. Seu diagnóstico pre­suntivo pode ser dado pelo quadro clínico, mas o diagnóstico definitivo é obtido pela biópsia da lesão...

Toxoplasmosis is a highly disseminated zoonosis. Most infections are asymptomatic in immunocompetent patients. However, in immunocompromised patients, infection acquires a variable course. In patients with CD4 counts lower than 100 and who have been previously exposed to Toxoplasma gondii, there may be reactivation of the disease in various tissues. Involvement of the gastrointestinal tract by Toxoplasma gondii is rarely reported. Although gastrointestinal symptoms are common among patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, most are caused by enteric infections other than Toxoplasma gondii. The aim of this study was to report a rare case of gastric toxoplasmosis. A 38-year-­old female patient, recently diagnosed with immunodeficiency human virus, presented with nonspecific gastric symptoms such as epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting and weight loss. The definitive diagnosis was reached with anatomopathological examination of gastric mucosa damage. She was treated for toxoplasmosis with clindamycin, pyrimethamine and folinic acid (due to myelotoxicity), with partial improvement of symptoms. Although rare, gastric toxoplasmosis should enter the differential diagnosis of epigastric pain in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome with low CD4 count. Its presumptive diagnosis can be made on a clinical basis, but the definitive diagnosis is reached with biopsy...

Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) effect on the thermal stability of oxy-HbGp: dynamic light scattering (DLS) and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) studies.

Glossoscolex paulistus (HbGp) hemoglobin is an oligomeric protein, presenting a quaternary structure constituted by 144 globin and 36 non-globin chains (named linkers) with a total molecular mass of 3.6 MDa. SDS effects on the oxy-HbGp thermal stability were studied, by DLS and SAXS, at pH 5.0, 7.0 and 9.0. DLS and SAXS data show that the SDS-oxy-HbGp interactions induce a significant decrease of the protein thermal stability, with the formation of larger aggregates, at pH 5.0. At pH 7.0, oxy-HbGp undergoes complete oligomeric dissociation, with increase of temperature, in the presence of SDS. Besides, oxy-HbGp 3.0mg/mL, pH 7.0, in the presence of SDS, has the oligomeric dissociation process reduced as compared to 0.5mg/mL of protein. At pH 9.0, oxy-HbGp starts to dissociate at 20 °C, and the protein is totally dissociated at 50 °C. The thermal dissociation kinetic data show that oxy-HbGp oligomeric dissociation at pH 7.0, in the presence of SDS, is strongly dependent on the protein concentration. At 0.5mg/mL of protein, the oligomeric dissociation is complete and fast at 40 and 42 °C, with kinetic constants of (2.1 ± 0.2) × 10(-4) and (5.5 ± 0.4) × 10(-4) s(-1), respectively, at 0.6 mmol/L SDS. However, at 3.0mg/mL, the oligomeric dissociation process starts at 46 °C, and only partial dissociation, accompanied by aggregates formation is observed. Moreover, our data show, for the first time, that, for 3.0mg/mL of protein, the oligomeric dissociation, denaturation and aggregation phenomena occur simultaneously, in the presence of SDS. Our present results on the surfactant-HbGp interactions and the protein thermal unfolding process correspond to a step forward in the understanding of SDS effects.

On the temperature stability of extracellular hemoglobin of Glossoscolex paulistus, at different oxidation states: SAXS and DLS studies.

Glossoscolex paulistus hemoglobin (HbGp) was studied by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). DLS melting curves were measured for met-HbGp at different concentrations. SAXS temperature studies were performed for oxy-, cyanomet- and met-HbGp forms, at several pH values. At pH 5.0 and 6.0, the scattering curves are identical from 20 to 60 °C, and Rg is 108 Å, independent of the oxidation form. At pH 7.0, protein denaturation and aggregation occurs above 55 °C and 60 °C, for oxy and met-HbGp, respectively. Cyanomet-HbGp, at pH 7.0, is stable up to 60 °C. At alkaline pH (8.0-9.0) and higher temperature, an irreversible dissociation process is observed, with a decrease of Rg, Dmax and I(0). Analysis by p(r), obtained from GNOM, and OLIGOMER, was used to fit the SAXS experimental scattering curves by a combination of theoretical curves obtained for HbLt fragments from the crystal structure. Our results show clearly the increasing contribution of smaller molecular weight fragments, as a function of increasing pH and temperature, as well as, the order of thermal stabilities: cyanomet->oxy->met-HbGp.

O cotidiano de adolescentes com (vivendo) com anemia falciforme / The daily routine of the adolescents who live with sickle cell anemia

A anemia falciforme é uma doença milenar, de caráter hereditário, ancestral e étnico, com elevada incidência em nosso meio, é bastante limitante, devido às suas manifestações e complicações clínicas, principalmente na adolescência. Neste estudo qualitativo, descritivo, exploratório buscou-se compreender o cotidiano de adolescentes com anemia falciforme. Foram entrevistados seis adolescentes de 10 a 19 anos, cadastrados nos centros de referências para doença falciforme, em Salvador-BA. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista semiestruturada e utilizou-se a técnica de análise de conteúdo. Na análise, fundamentada na sociologia compreensiva de Michel Maffesoli, emergiram quatro categorias: "Descobrindo-se com a doença", "Convivendo com a doença: manifestações clínicas", "Usando as máscaras" e "Interferência da doença na vida cotidiana". A maioria dos entrevistados não teve um diagnóstico precoce da doença e, apesar de demonstrar conhecimentos sobre os sintomas e as maneiras de atenuá-los, desconhece o que seja a falcemia. Considera-se de extrema relevância a capacitação do enfermeiro para lidar com pessoas com anemia falciforme, criando estratégias educacionais que possibilitem o empoderamento dos mesmos, favorecendo o autocuidado e minimizando, assim, as complicações dessa doença.

Effect of sonication on the particle size of montmorillonite clays.

This paper reports on the effect of sonication on SAz-1 and SWy-1 montmorillonite suspensions. Changes in the size of the particles of these materials and modifications of their properties have been investigated. The variation of the particle size has been analyzed by DLS (dynamic light scattering). In all cases the clay particles show a bimodal distribution. Sonication resulted in a decrease of the larger modal diameter, as well as a reduction of its volume percentage. Simultaneously, the proportion of the smallest particles increases. After 60 min of sonication, SAz-1 presented a very broad particle size distribution with a modal diameter of 283 nm. On the other hand, the SWy-1 sonicated for 60 min presents a bimodal distribution of particles at 140 and 454 nm. Changes in the properties of the clay suspensions due to sonication were evaluated spectroscopically from dye-clay interactions, using Methylene Blue. The acidic sites present in the interlamellar region, which are responsible for dye protonation, disappeared after sonication of the clay. The changes in the size of the scattering particles and the lack of acidic sites after sonication suggest that sonication induces delamination of the clay particles.

Con(vivendo) com a anemia falciforme: o olhar da enfermagem para o cotidiano de adolescentes / Living with Sickle Cell Anemia: The daily life of adolescents as seen from a nursing perspective

A anemia falciforme é uma doença milenar, de caráter hereditário, ancestral e étnico, com elevada incidência em nosso meio. Apesar de prevalente na raça negra não pode ser considerada exclusiva desta população, pois trata-se de uma patologia de transmissão mendeliana, podendo acometer qualquer indivíduo. É uma doença bastante limitante devido às suas variadas manifestações e complicações clínicas principalmente na adolescência, quando o ser humano está em busca da construção de sua identidade. Este estudo busca responder como vivem os adolescentes com anemia falciforme, para tanto traçou-se como objetivo compreender o cotidiano de adolescentes com anemia falciforme e suas potências por meio da descrição do seu processo de viver. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, descritivo, exploratório, fundamentado na sociologia compreensiva do cotidiano proposta por Michel Maffesoli. Apresenta como sujeitos, seis adolescentes de 10 a 19 anos, cadastrados nos centros de referências para doença falciforme, na cidade de Salvador-BA. Os dados foram coletados por meio de uma entrevista semi-estruturada e analisados utilizando a técnica de análise de conteúdo. A partir daí emergiram três categorias: caracterização dos adolescentes, condições de vida dos adolescentes e vivendo a adolescência com anemia falciforme. A maioria dos adolescentes deste estudo se auto declararam negros, pertencentes a famílias de classe econômica baixa e residentes em bairros da periferia da cidade; apresentam atraso no nível de escolaridade, causado pelas limitações da doença e criam diversas estratégias para desenvolverem atividades de lazer, além de apresentarem tendência grupal característica desta faixa etária, encontrando nas relações de amizade atitudes de zelo, preocupação e cuidado Em relação á doença, a maioria não teve um diagnóstico precoce e, apesar de demonstrar conhecimentos sobre os sintomas e as diversas maneiras de atenuá-los, desconhece o que seja a anemia falciforme e suas conseqüências. Ao final deste estudo, considera-se de extrema relevância a capacitação do enfermeiro para lidar com pessoas com anemia falciforme, criando estratégias educacionais que possibilitem o empoderamento dos mesmos, favorecendo o auto cuidado e minimizando, assim, as complicações dessa doença. Sugere-se que novas pesquisas sejam realizadas, principalmente com enfoque na subjetividade humana, favorecendo assim a visibilidade da anemia falciforme na nossa sociedade.(AU)

Antibiotic, cytotoxic and enzyme inhibitory activity of crude extracts from Brazilian marine invertebrates

Herein we present the results of a screening with 349 crude extracts of Brazilian marine sponges, ascidians, bryozoans and octocorals, against 16 strains of susceptible and antibiotic-resistant bacteria, one yeast (Candida albicans), Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv, three cancer cell lines MCF-7 (breast), B16 (murine melanoma ) and HCT8 (colon), and Leishmania tarentolae adenine phosphoribosyl transferase (L-APRT) enzyme. Less than 15 percent of marine sponge crude extracts displayed antibacterial activity, both against susceptible and antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Up to 40 percent of marine sponge crude extracts displayed antimycobacterial activity against M. tuberculosis H37Rv. Cytotoxicity was observed for 18 percent of marine sponge crude extracts. Finally, less than 3 percent of sponge extracts inhibited L-APRT. Less than 10 percent of ascidian crude extracts displayed antibacterial activity. More than 25 percent of ascidian crude extracts were active against M. tuberculosis and the three cancer cell lines. Only two crude extracts from the ascidian Polysyncraton sp. collected in different seasons (1995 and 1997) displayed activity against L-APRT. Less than 2 percent of bryozoan and octocoral crude extracts presented antibacterial activity, but a high percentage of crude extracts from bryozoan and octororal displayed cytotoxic (11 percent and 30 percent, respectively) and antimycobacterial (60 percent) activities. The extract of only one species of bryozoan, Bugula sp., presented inhibitory activity against L-APRT. Overall, the crude extracts of marine invertebrates herein investigated presented a high level of cytotoxic and antimycobacterial activities, a lower level of antibacterial activity and only a small number of crude extracts inhibited L-APRT. Taxonomic analysis of some of the more potently active crude extracts showed the occurrence of biological activity in taxa that have been previously chemically investigated. These...

No presente estudo apresentamos resultados da triagem biológica realizada com 349 extratos obtidos de esponjas marinhas, ascídias, briozoários e octocorais do Brasil, em testes contra 16 linhagens de bactérias comuns e resistentes à antibióticos, uma levedura (Candida albicans), Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv, três linhagens de células tumorais MCF-7 (mama), B16 (melanoma murínico) e HCT8 (cólon), e de inibição da enzima adenina fosforribosil transferase de Leishmania tarentolae (L-APRT). Menos de 15 por cento dos extratos de esponja marinhas apresentaram atividade antibacteriana, contra linhagens resistentes ou não a antibióticos. Quase 40 por cento dos extratos de esponjas marinhas apresentaram atividade antimicobacteriana contra Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. Foi observada citotoxicidade para 18 por cento dos extratos de esponjas marinhas. Finalmente, menos de 3 por cento dos extratos de esponjas apresentaram atividade inibitória da enzima L-APRT. Menos de 10 por cento dos extratos de ascídias apresentaram atividade antibacteriana. Mais de 25 por cento dos extratos de ascídias apresentaram atividade contra M. tuberculosis e as três linhagens de células tumorais. Somente dois extratos obtidos da ascídia Polysyncraton sp. coletada em duas diferentes épocas (1995 e 1997) apresentaram atividade contra L-APRT. Menos de 2 por cento dos extratos de briozoários e octocorais apresentaram atividade antibacteriana, mas uma alta percentagem de extratos destes animais apresentaram atividades citotóxica (11 por cento e 30 por cento, respectivamente) e antimicobacteriana (60 por cento). O extrato de somente uma espécie de briozoário, Bugula sp., apresentou atividade inibitória da enzima L-APRT. A análise taxonômica de algumas espécies de invertebrados que forneceram alguns dos extratos mais ativos, indicou a ocorrência de atividade biológica em espécies pertencentes a grupos taxonômicos que já foram anteriormente investigados do ponto de vista...

Plano de ação para prevenção da dengue na área de abrangência de uma ESF na cidade de Araxá

Este estudo teve como objetivo elaborar um plano de ação para orientar a população da área de abrangência de uma Equipe de Saúde da Família (ESF) na cidade de Araxá, Minas Gerais, sobre as formas de prevenção da dengue. Após a realização do diagnóstico situacional a dengue foi selecionada como o principal problema, pois segundo o setor de controle de zoonoses foram registradas 30 notificações e 17 casos confirmados da dengue no ano de 2013. Neste estudo foram selecionados os seguintes nós críticos: falta de compreensão da comunidade sobre a real importância da limpeza adequada do quintal e eliminação dos reservatórios de água parada; falta de programas de incentivo ao combate a dengue e; falta de organização do serviço de controle de zoonoses para desenvolver ações de prevenção contra a dengue. Baseado nesses nós críticos foram propostas as seguintes ações de enfrentamento: criação do projeto "Mutirão da Dengue" com objetivo de organizar o dia da força-tarefa coletiva da comunidade para realizar limpeza dos quintais e eliminar possíveis focos do mosquito; criação do projeto "Todos contra a Dengue" para intensificar a educação em saúde por meio da realização de palestras em escolas e creches e; criação do projeto "Trajeto do carro fumacê e agendamento da visita dos agentes" para estabelecer uma melhor rota para o carro fumacê e as visitas dos agentes nas áreas com maior número de casos.