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1.
Clin Immunol ; 244: 109131, 2022 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36179983

RESUMO

Monogenic immune dysregulation diseases (MIDD) are caused by defective immunotolerance. This study was designed to increase knowledge on the prevalence and spectrum of MIDDs, genetic patterns, and outcomes in Middle East and North Africa (MENA). MIDD patients from 11 MENA countries (Iran, Turkey, Kuwait, Oman, Algeria, Egypt, United Arab Emirates, Tunisia, Jordan, Qatar, and Azerbaijan) were retrospectively evaluated. 343 MIDD patients (58% males and 42% female) at a median (IQR) age of 101 (42-192) months were enrolled. The most common defective genes were LRBA (23.9%), LYST (8.2%), and RAB27A (7.9%). The most prevalent initial and overall manifestations were infections (32.2% and 75.1%), autoimmunity (18.6% and 41%), and organomegaly (13.3% and 53.8%), respectively. Treatments included immunoglobulin replacement therapy (53%), hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) (14.3%), immunosuppressives (36.7%), and surgery (3.5%). Twenty-nine (59.2%) patients survived HSCT. Along with infectious complications, autoimmunity and organomegaly may be the initial or predominant manifestations of MIDD.


Assuntos
Doenças da Imunodeficiência Primária , Proteínas Adaptadoras de Transdução de Sinal/genética , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Egito , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Doenças da Imunodeficiência Primária/genética , Sistema de Registros , Estudos Retrospectivos , Tunísia , Turquia , Proteínas de Transporte Vesicular/genética , Proteínas rab27 de Ligação ao GTP/genética
2.
J Clin Immunol ; 42(8): 1660-1671, 2022 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35838820

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Inborn errors of immunity (IEI) represent a heterogeneous large group of genetic disorders characterized by susceptibility of affected individuals to recurrent infections, autoimmune/inflammatory diseases, allergy, and malignancy. We aimed to report for the first time the Algerian registry for IEI in children. METHODS: We described the characteristics of IEI in Algerian children from the data collected in the Algerian registry for IEI between 1985 and 2021. RESULTS: Over a period of 37 years, we included 887 children (530 male, 59.6%) with a mean age at diagnosis of 3.23 years and a mean diagnosis delay of 2 years. The prevalence rate was estimated at 1.97/100,000 inhabitants or 5.91/100,000 children. The parental consanguinity was found in 52.6%. The most prevalent category was combined immunodeficiencies (CID) (35.5%), followed by predominantly antibody deficiencies (24.5%) and CID with syndromic features (18.3%). The most predominant diseases were severe CID (134 cases), MHC II deficiency (99 cases), agammaglobulinemia (82 cases), common variable immunodeficiency (78 cases), hyper IgE syndromes (61 patients), ataxia-telangiectasia (46 patients), Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (40 patients) and chronic granulomatous disease (39 cases). The clinical presentation was dominated by lower respiratory tract infections (69%), failure to thrive (38.3%), and chronic diarrhea (35.2%). Genetic analysis was performed in 156 patients (17.6%). The global mortality rate was 28.4% mainly caused by CID. CONCLUSION: This is the first report of the Algerian registry for IEI in children. Data is globally similar to that of the Middle East and North African (MENA) registries with high consanguinity, predominance of CID, and significant mortality. This registry highlights the weak points that should be improved in order to provide better patient care.


Assuntos
Agamaglobulinemia , Síndromes de Imunodeficiência , Doenças da Imunodeficiência Primária , Criança , Humanos , Masculino , Argélia/epidemiologia , Síndromes de Imunodeficiência/diagnóstico , Síndromes de Imunodeficiência/epidemiologia , Síndromes de Imunodeficiência/genética , Agamaglobulinemia/epidemiologia , Sistema de Registros
3.
Front Immunol ; 13: 900091, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35529857

RESUMO

Background: Inborn errors of immunity (IEI) predispose patients to various infectious and non-infectious complications. Thanks to the development and expanding use of flow cytometry and increased awareness, the diagnostic rate of IEI has markedly increased in Algeria the last decade. Aim: This study aimed to describe a large cohort of Algerian patients with probable IEI and to determine their clinical characteristics and outcomes. Methods: We collected and analyzed retrospectively the demographic data, clinical manifestations, immunologic, genetic data, and outcome of Algerian IEI patients - diagnosed in the department of medical immunology of Beni Messous university hospital center, Algiers, from 2008 to 2021. Results: Eight hundred and seven patients with IEI (482 males and 325 females) were enrolled, 9.7% of whom were adults. Consanguinity was reported in 50.3% of the cases and a positive family history in 32.34%. The medium age at disease onset was 8 months and at diagnosis was 36 months. The median delay in diagnosis was 16 months. Combined immunodeficiencies were the most frequent (33.8%), followed by antibody deficiencies (24.5%) and well-defined syndromes with immunodeficiency (24%). Among 287 patients tested for genetic disorders, 129 patients carried pathogenic mutations; 102 having biallelic variants mostly in a homozygous state (autosomal recessive disorders). The highest mortality rate was observed in patients with combined immunodeficiency (70.1%), especially in patients with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), Omenn syndrome, or Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) class II deficiency. Conclusion: The spectrum of IEI in Algeria is similar to that seen in most countries of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, notably regarding the frequency of autosomal recessive and/or combined immunodeficiencies.


Assuntos
Síndromes de Imunodeficiência , Doenças da Imunodeficiência Primária , Imunodeficiência Combinada Severa , Adulto , Argélia/epidemiologia , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Síndromes de Imunodeficiência/genética , Masculino , Doenças da Imunodeficiência Primária/genética , Estudos Retrospectivos
4.
J Clin Immunol ; 41(6): 1339-1351, 2021 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34052995

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) are a heterogeneous group of genetic defects of immunity, which cause high rates of morbidity and mortality mainly among children due to infectious and non-infectious complications. The IEI burden has been critically underestimated in countries from middle- and low-income regions and the majority of patients with IEI in these regions lack a molecular diagnosis. METHODS: We analyzed the clinical, immunologic, and genetic data of IEI patients from 22 countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. The data was collected from national registries and diverse databases such as the Asian Pacific Society for Immunodeficiencies (APSID) registry, African Society for Immunodeficiencies (ASID) registry, Jeffrey Modell Foundation (JMF) registry, J Project centers, and International Consortium on Immune Deficiency (ICID) centers. RESULTS: We identified 17,120 patients with IEI, among which females represented 39.4%. Parental consanguinity was present in 60.5% of cases and 27.3% of the patients were from families with a confirmed previous family history of IEI. The median age of patients at the onset of disease was 36 months and the median delay in diagnosis was 41 months. The rate of registered IEI patients ranges between 0.02 and 7.58 per 100,000 population, and the lowest rates were in countries with the highest rates of disability-adjusted life years (DALY) and death rates for children. Predominantly antibody deficiencies were the most frequent IEI entities diagnosed in 41.2% of the cohort. Among 5871 patients genetically evaluated, the diagnostic yield was 83% with the majority (65.2%) having autosomal recessive defects. The mortality rate was the highest in patients with non-syndromic combined immunodeficiency (51.7%, median age: 3.5 years) and particularly in patients with mutations in specific genes associated with this phenotype (RFXANK, RAG1, and IL2RG). CONCLUSIONS: This comprehensive registry highlights the importance of a detailed investigation of IEI patients in the MENA region. The high yield of genetic diagnosis of IEI in this region has important implications for prevention, prognosis, treatment, and resource allocation.


Assuntos
Doenças Genéticas Inatas/epidemiologia , Doenças da Imunodeficiência Primária/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , África do Norte/epidemiologia , Idoso , Criança , Consenso , Anos de Vida Ajustados por Deficiência , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Oriente Médio/epidemiologia , Sistema de Registros , Adulto Jovem
5.
Front Immunol ; 12: 665322, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33868317

RESUMO

Objectives: To evaluate the diagnostic and predictive contribution of autoantibodies screening in patients with primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs). Methods: In the present study, PID patients and healthy controls have been screened for 54 different autoantibodies. The results of autoantibodies screening in PID patients were correlated to the presence of autoimmune diseases. Results: A total of 299 PID patients were included in this study with a predominance of antibody deficiencies (27.8%) followed by immunodeficiencies affecting cellular and humoral immunity (26.1%) and complement deficiencies (22.7%). Autoimmune manifestations were present in 82 (27.4%) patients. Autoimmune cytopenia (10.4%) was the most common autoimmune disease followed by gastrointestinal disorders (10.0%), rheumatologic diseases (3.7%), and endocrine disorders (3.3%). Autoantibodies were found in 32.4% of PID patients and 15.8% of healthy controls (P < 0.0005). Anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) (10.0%), transglutaminase antibody (TGA) (8.4%), RBC antibodies (6.7%), anti-smooth muscle antibody (ASMA) (5.4%), and ASCA (5.0%) were the most common autoantibodies in our series. Sixty-seven out of the 82 patients with autoimmune manifestations (81.7%) were positive for one or more autoantibodies. Eleven out of the 14 patients (78.6%) with immune thrombocytopenia had positive platelet-bound IgM. The frequencies of ASCA and ANCA among patients with IBD were 47.4% and 21.0% respectively. All patients with celiac disease had TGA-IgA, while six out of the 11 patients with rheumatologic diseases had ANA (54.5%). Almost one third of patients (30/97) with positive autoantibodies had no autoimmune manifestations. ANA, rheumatoid factor, ASMA, anti-phospholipid antibodies and ANCA were often detected while specific AID was absent. Despite the low positive predictive value of TGA-IgA and ASCA for celiac disease and inflammatory bowel disease respectively, screening for these antibodies identified undiagnosed disease in four patients with positive TGA-IgA and two others with positive ASCA. Conclusion: The present study provides valuable information about the frequency and the diagnostic/predictive value of a large panel of autoantibodies in PIDs. Given the frequent association of some AIDs with certain PIDs, screening for corresponding autoantibodies would be recommended. However, positivity for autoantibodies should be interpreted with caution in patients with PIDs due to their low positive predictive value.


Assuntos
Autoanticorpos/sangue , Autoimunidade , Doenças da Imunodeficiência Primária/sangue , Doenças da Imunodeficiência Primária/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Anticorpos Antinucleares/sangue , Doenças Autoimunes/epidemiologia , Doenças Autoimunes/imunologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Doença Celíaca/sangue , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Imunidade Celular , Imunidade Humoral , Lactente , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/sangue , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Fator Reumatoide , Adulto Jovem
6.
Clin Chim Acta ; 519: 64-69, 2021 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33857477

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Lysosomal acid lipase deficiency (LALD, OMIM#278000) is a rare lysosomal disorder with an autosomal recessive inheritance. The main clinical manifestations are related to a progressive accumulation of cholesteryl esters, triglycerides or both within the lysosome in different organs such as the liver, spleen, and cardiovascular system. A wide range of clinical severity is associated with LALD including a severe very rare antenatal/neonatal/infantile phenotype named Wolman disease and a late-onset form named cholesteryl ester storage disease (CESD). METHODS: This study aimed to investigate a cohort of at-risk patients (4174) presenting with clinical or biological signs consistent with LALD using the assessment of LAL activity on dried blood spots. RESULTS: LAL activity was lower than 0.05 nmol/punch/L (cut-off: 0.12) in 19 patients including 13 CESD and 6 Wolman. Molecular study has been conducted in 17 patients and succeeded in identifying 34 mutated alleles. Fourteen unique variants have been characterized, 7 of which are novel. CONCLUSION: This study allowed to identify a series of patients and expanded the molecular spectrum knowledge of LALD. Besides, a new screening criteria grid based on the clinical/biological data from our study and the literature has been proposed in order to enhance the diagnosis rate in at risk populations.


Assuntos
Doença do Armazenamento de Colesterol Éster , Doença de Wolman , Doença do Armazenamento de Colesterol Éster/diagnóstico , Doença do Armazenamento de Colesterol Éster/genética , Ésteres do Colesterol , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Lipase , Gravidez , Esterol Esterase/genética , Doença de Wolman/diagnóstico , Doença de Wolman/genética
7.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A ; 116(3): 970-975, 2019 01 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30591564

RESUMO

Receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) is a critical regulator of cell death and inflammation, but its relevance for human disease pathogenesis remains elusive. Studies of monogenic disorders might provide critical insights into disease mechanisms and therapeutic targeting of RIPK1 for common diseases. Here, we report on eight patients from six unrelated pedigrees with biallelic loss-of-function mutations in RIPK1 presenting with primary immunodeficiency and/or intestinal inflammation. Mutations in RIPK1 were associated with reduced NF-κB activity, defective differentiation of T and B cells, increased inflammasome activity, and impaired response to TNFR1-mediated cell death in intestinal epithelial cells. The characterization of RIPK1-deficient patients highlights the essential role of RIPK1 in controlling human immune and intestinal homeostasis, and might have critical implications for therapies targeting RIPK1.


Assuntos
Diferenciação Celular , Imunidade nas Mucosas/genética , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais , Mucosa Intestinal , Proteína Serina-Treonina Quinases de Interação com Receptores , Imunodeficiência Combinada Severa , Linfócitos B/imunologia , Linfócitos B/patologia , Diferenciação Celular/genética , Diferenciação Celular/imunologia , Células Epiteliais/imunologia , Células Epiteliais/patologia , Feminino , Células HCT116 , Células HEK293 , Humanos , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/genética , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/imunologia , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/patologia , Mucosa Intestinal/imunologia , Mucosa Intestinal/patologia , Masculino , Mutação , NF-kappa B/genética , NF-kappa B/imunologia , Proteína Serina-Treonina Quinases de Interação com Receptores/deficiência , Proteína Serina-Treonina Quinases de Interação com Receptores/imunologia , Imunodeficiência Combinada Severa/genética , Imunodeficiência Combinada Severa/imunologia , Imunodeficiência Combinada Severa/patologia , Linfócitos T/imunologia , Linfócitos T/patologia
8.
Am J Hum Genet ; 94(3): 385-94, 2014 Mar 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24581742

RESUMO

Moyamoya is a cerebrovascular condition characterized by a progressive stenosis of the terminal part of the internal carotid arteries (ICAs) and the compensatory development of abnormal "moyamoya" vessels. The pathophysiological mechanisms of this condition, which leads to ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, remain unknown. It can occur as an isolated cerebral angiopathy (so-called moyamoya disease) or in association with various conditions (moyamoya syndromes). Here, we describe an autosomal-recessive disease leading to severe moyamoya and early-onset achalasia in three unrelated families. This syndrome is associated in all three families with homozygous mutations in GUCY1A3, which encodes the α1 subunit of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), the major receptor for nitric oxide (NO). Platelet analysis showed a complete loss of the soluble α1ß1 guanylate cyclase and showed an unexpected stimulatory role of sGC within platelets. The NO-sGC-cGMP pathway is a major pathway controlling vascular smooth-muscle relaxation, vascular tone, and vascular remodeling. Our data suggest that alterations of this pathway might lead to an abnormal vascular-remodeling process in sensitive vascular areas such as ICA bifurcations. These data provide treatment options for affected individuals and strongly suggest that investigation of GUCY1A3 and other members of the NO-sGC-cGMP pathway is warranted in both isolated early-onset achalasia and nonsyndromic moyamoya.


Assuntos
Acalasia Esofágica/metabolismo , Guanilato Ciclase/genética , Guanilato Ciclase/fisiologia , Doença de Moyamoya/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico/química , Receptores Citoplasmáticos e Nucleares/genética , Receptores Citoplasmáticos e Nucleares/fisiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Plaquetas/metabolismo , Criança , Pré-Escolar , GMP Cíclico/metabolismo , Feminino , Genótipo , Homozigoto , Humanos , Masculino , Músculo Liso Vascular/metabolismo , Mutação , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Linhagem , Adesividade Plaquetária , Agregação Plaquetária , Guanilil Ciclase Solúvel , Adulto Jovem
9.
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr ; 46(3): 293-8, 2008 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18376247

RESUMO

AIM: Infliximab (IFX) therapy is highly efficacious for the induction and maintenance of remission in pediatric Crohn disease (CD). However, to date it is unclear how long patients should be given IFX. Given the increasing safety concerns about the concomitant and prolonged use of IFX and azathioprine in CD, we wanted to address the clinical outcome in pediatric CD patients who responded to IFX medication, once IFX was stopped. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Upon induction therapy with 3 IFX infusions, 36 of 38 patients with CD were in clinical remission at 3 months. These 36 responders were separated into 2 groups: 16 patients received no further IFX infusions, whereas 20 patients received scheduled maintenance therapy with IFX for 12 months. RESULTS: Among the 16 patients who received no further IFX infusions, 12 experienced relapse during the 12-month follow-up interval after IFX was stopped. In the group receiving maintenance therapy, 11 of 20 patients remained in clinical remission at 12 months of therapy, whereas 8 patients required adjustment of IFX doses or intervals. Among the 11 children who were in clinical remission and receiving maintenance therapy without dose adjustment, 8 experienced relapse within 12 months after IFX maintenance therapy was stopped. Overall, the relapse rates after IFX induction or maintenance therapy was stopped were 75% and 72%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that IFX is efficacious in controlling severe pediatric CD; however, to induce and maintain clinical remission, repeated IFX infusions are required, with a need for dose adjustment in a substantial number of patients.


Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Anticorpos Monoclonais/uso terapêutico , Doença de Crohn/tratamento farmacológico , Recidiva , Indução de Remissão/métodos , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Lactente , Infliximab , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento
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