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1.
Med. intensiva ; 32(4): [1-11], 20150000. fig, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-884450

RESUMO

Objetivo: Evaluar la idoneidad de la prueba de respiración espontánea para predecir el fracaso de la extubación de pacientes neurológicos y determinar los factores predictivos de fracaso. Diseño: Casos y controles. De enero de 2001 a diciembre de 2010. Ámbito: Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos. Pacientes: Enfermos neurológicos agudos sometidos a ventilación mecánica y posterior extubación. Se excluyeron: pacientes con cirugías neurológicas programadas, con patología neuromuscular, lesión medular, traqueotomía, politraumatismos con predominio de afectación del resto de los sistemas sobre el neurológico, aquellos que murieron en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos o que fueron trasladados. Variables de interés: Tasa de fracaso, infección intrahospitalaria, necesidad de traqueotomía, duración de la ventilación mecánica, estancia en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos y en el hospital, mortalidad en esta Unidad, en el hospital y a los 90 días, y factores asociados al fracaso. Resultados: De 479 pacientes, 208 fueron sometidos a prueba de respiración espontánea y posterior extubación. Cincuenta y cuatro (26%) fracasaron, la tasa de complicaciones, la estancia, la duración de la ventilación mecánica y la mortalidad fueron mayores que en el grupo de éxito. Los pacientes con accidente cerebrovascular [OR 4,256 (IC95% 1,442-12,561), p = 0,009] y necesidad de aspiraciones frecuentes [OR 5,699 (IC95% 1,863-17,432), p = 0,002] son más propensos al fracaso [ROC 0,73 (IC95% 0,628-0,840)]. Conclusiones: Los pacientes neurológicos presentan una elevada tasa de fracaso de la extubación con numerosas complicaciones asociadas y muerte. La prueba de respiración espontánea no predijo el éxito de la extubación. Los pacientes con accidente cerebrovascular y necesidad de aspiraciones frecuentes de secreciones se verían abocados a un mayor fracaso de extubación.(AU)


Objective: To assess the adequacy of the spontaneous breathing test to predict extubation failure in neurological patients undergoing mechanical ventilation and to determine factors associated with extubation failure. Design: Case-control study. Between January 2001 and December 2010. Setting: Intensive Care Unit. Patients: Acute neurological patients who underwent mechanical ventilation and were subsequently extubated. Patients with scheduled neurosurgery intervention, neuromuscular disease, spinal cord injury, tracheotomy, multiple trauma with less neurological damage than in other systems, those who died in the Intensive Care Unit or in hospital or those transferred to other hospital, were excluded. Variables of interest: Extubation failure rate, nosocomial infection, need for tracheostomy, duration of mechanical ventilation, ICU and hospital stay, mortality in the ICU or hospital, and at day 90, as well as failure-related factors. Results: Two-hundred and eight patients underwent spontaneous breathing trial, and were subsequently extubated. Fifty-four (26%) patients failed. Patients who failed extubation had a higher complication rate, received mechanical ventilation for more days, their hospitalization was longer, and the mortality rate was higher than in the success group. Patients with stroke [OR 4.256 (95%CI, 1.442-12.561), p=0.009] and those who required a greater number of aspirations during weaning [OR 5.699 (95%CI, 1.863-17.432), p=0.002] were susceptible to extubation failure [ROC curve 0.73 (0.628-0.840)]. Conclusion: Extubation failure in neurological patients is common and frequently associated with severe complications. The spontaneous breathing trial does not predict a successful extubation. Patients with stroke and those who need frequent aspiration of secretions would be doomed to further failure of extubation(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Desmame , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso , Extubação
2.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol ; 79(5): 408-419, oct. 2014. ilus, graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-729404

RESUMO

Antecedentes: Los lípidos plasmáticos maternos durante el embarazo pueden influir en el crecimiento fetal, particularmente en pacientes con diabetes gestacional; estos lípidos cambian su concentración plasmática materna a lo largo de la gestación. Objetivo: Calcular tablas y curvas de lípidos normales según edad gestacional en una población de embarazadas chilenas. Método: Se midió el colesterol total (CT), colesterol LDL (LDL-C) triglicéridos (TG), Colesterol-HDL (HDL-C), y ácidos grasos no esterificados (NEFA), en 94 embarazadas sanas y jóvenes (<33 años, edad media de 27,6 +/- 6,2 años), con peso pregestacional normal (Índice de Masa Corporal entre 20 y 24,9 Kg/m2 y medio de 23,3 +/- 2,0 Kg/m2). Las pacientes provenían de: Hospital Parroquial de San Bernardo, Santiago (n=55), Hospital de Talca (n=2); Hospital del Profesor, Santiago (n=18); Hospital Regional de Concepción (n=9) y Hospital Clínico de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (n=10). Resultados: Calculamos, para cada uno de los cuatro lípidos, las curvas de percentil 50, percentil 90 y percentil 10, en mg/dL y mmol/l. Los NEFA solo fueron expresados en mmol/l. Incluimos las funciones matemáticas de las curvas de regresión polinomial de los cuatro lípidos con el fin que sean fácilmente reproducibles en otros tamaños. Conclusiones: Calculamos las tablas y curvas de lípidos maternos normales a lo largo del embarazo, que sean aplicables a la población de embarazadas chilenas.


Background: In normal human pregnancy, maternal lipids can modify the rate of fetal growth, particularly in pregnancies with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM). These lipids change continuously their serum concentration in the mother along the pregnancy. Aim: To calculate tables and curves of normal serum lipids, according to gestational age, in healthy Chilean pregnant women. Methods: We measured total cholesterol (CT), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG), HDL-Cholesterol (HDL-C), and Non-Esterified Fatty Acids (NEFA) in 94 young and healthy pregnant women (< 33 years, mean age 27.6 +/- 6.2 years), with normal pregestational Body Mass Index (BMI, 20.0-24.9 Kg/m2 , mean value= 23.3 +/- 2.0 Kg/m2). The women of the study were patients of 5 hospitals: Hospital Parroquial de San Bernardo, Santiago (n=55), Hospital de Talca (n=2); Hospital del Profesor, Santiago (n=18); Hospital Regional de Concepción (n=9) and Hospital Clínico de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (n=10). Results: For each one of the lipids, we calculated curves of 50th, 90th and 10th percentiles, both in mg/dL and mmol/L (the NEFA were expressed only in mmol/L). The mathematical functions of the curves of polynomial regression of all lipids were included in the manuscript, in order to facilitate their reproduction. Conclusions: We calculated tables and curves of normal maternal serum lipids in relation to gestational, in order to make these available for use in the care of Chilean pregnant women.


Assuntos
Humanos , Adulto , Ácidos Graxos não Esterificados/sangue , Colesterol/sangue , Gravidez/sangue , Triglicerídeos/sangue , Chile , HDL-Colesterol/sangue , LDL-Colesterol/sangue
3.
Med Intensiva ; 35(3): 150-6, 2011 Apr.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21356566

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To detect possible reasons for mortality of critical patients transferred from the ICU to the hospital wards and to analyze the possible attributable causes for such mortality. DESIGN: An observational study of prospectively collected data, analyzed retrospectively. POPULATION: Cohort analysis of 5328 with consecutive admissions to our ICU, whose evolution was followed up to hospital discharge or death. PERIOD: From January 2006 to December 2009. METHOD: An analysis was made of differential significance of epidemiological, clinical-care, death risk estimate, coincidence between ICU admissions reasons and causes of death after ICU discharge, as well as limitation of health care effort incidence. Inappropriate ICU discharge was considered to exist if the death occurred during the first 48 hours after ICU transfer, without limitation of care effort. RESULTS: A total of 907 patients died (SMR=0.9; 95% CI, 0.87-0.93), 202 of whom died after ICU discharge (3.8% of total sample and 22.3% of all deceased patients), ward length of stay being 12.4±17.9 days. No significant differences were found between deaths in the ICU or post-ICU deaths regarding infective complications appearing after admission to the ICU. Greater mortality was also not found in those re-admitted to the ICU after having been transferred to the ward. It was verified that the cause of death in the ward did not significantly coincide with the cause of admission to the ICU. DISCUSSION: Some mortality after ICU discharge is to be expected. Our data do not allow us to attribute this mortality rate to care deficiencies (inappropriate ICU discharges or deceased care in the wards). The reasons for this mortality have a varied and variable explanation. It mostly corresponds to an evolution of the patients differing from that expected when they were discharged from ICU.


Assuntos
Mortalidade Hospitalar , Hospitais Universitários/estatística & dados numéricos , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva/estatística & dados numéricos , Transferência de Pacientes/estatística & dados numéricos , Quartos de Pacientes/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Idoso , Causas de Morte , Doenças Transmissíveis/epidemiologia , Cuidados Críticos/métodos , Cuidados Críticos/estatística & dados numéricos , Grupos Diagnósticos Relacionados , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Tempo de Internação/estatística & dados numéricos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Insuficiência de Múltiplos Órgãos/mortalidade , Alta do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Readmissão do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/mortalidade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Risco , Fatores de Risco , Espanha/epidemiologia
4.
Rev. chil. ultrason ; 14(2): 36-38, 2011. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-718935

RESUMO

Congenital heart block is a fetal arrhythmia detected by routine prenatal ultrasound. Natural history and risk factors for this condition are known. Patients having Ro/La antibodies have 2 to 4 percent risk of affected child and recurrence of up to 25 percent. There are standarized protocols for measuring the PR interval by ultrasound, as well as reference curves for different gestational ages. The experience at Hospital Clínico de la Universidad Católica de Chile is reported, describing follow up of 37 patients over a period of more than 4 years. A protocol based on monthly monitoring of risk group was adopted.


El bloqueo aurículo ventricular congénito constituye una de las arritmias fetales detectables mediante ultrasonido prenatal de rutina. Se conoce su evolución natural y la población de riesgo de sufrir esta afección. En portadoras de anticuerpos Ro/La el riesgo de un hijo afectado es entre 2 y 4 por ciento, y la recurrencia de hasta un 25 por ciento. Existen protocolos estandarizados para medir el intervalo PR mediante ultrasonido, como también curvas de referencia para las distintas edades gestacionales. Reportamos la experiencia en el Hospital Clínico de la Universidad Católica de Chile, con un seguimiento de 37 pacientes en un periodo de más de 4 años. Se adoptó un protocolo de seguimiento mensual del grupo de riesgo.


Assuntos
Feminino , Gravidez , Bloqueio Atrioventricular/congênito , Bloqueio Atrioventricular , Doenças Fetais , Ultrassonografia Pré-Natal , Autoanticorpos , Arritmias Cardíacas , Bloqueio Atrioventricular/imunologia , Complicações na Gravidez/imunologia , Doenças Fetais/imunologia , Seguimentos , Frequência Cardíaca Fetal , Ultrassonografia Doppler
5.
Rev Chilena Infectol ; 25(5): 336-41, 2008 Oct.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18949143

RESUMO

Listeria monocytogenes is Gram-positive facultative intracellular pathogen often foodborne and found elsewhere. It is an uncommon cause of illness in the general population. However, it is an important cause of severe infection in neonates, pregnant women, elderly and immunosuppressed patients. Listeriosis has unique preference for pregnant women. Maternal listeriosis is a diagnostic challenge, and intrauterine infection can lead to severe complications such as amnionitis, preterm labor, spontaneous abortion, stillbirth and neonatal sepsis. From 2001 to 2005, 16 patients with L. monocytogenes were identified in this hospital; four (25%) were pregnant women. Clinical and laboratory findings are described. There were 3 preterm deliveries and 1 spontaneous second trimester abortion. Three women with listeriosis had no predisposing factors other than pregnancy. One patient was on immunosupressive drugs for ulcerative colitis. Fever was the most common symptom. Infected neonates were most commonly diagnosed with early-onset listeriosis (two cases) or fetal demise (one case). Pregnancy can be the only risk factor for listeriosis. Listeriosis should be considered during the evaluation of febrile syndrome in pregnancy as this condition can be the only risk factor. Blood and amniotic fluid cultures are useful diagnostic tests. Perinatal complications remains high.


Assuntos
Listeria monocytogenes/isolamento & purificação , Listeriose/diagnóstico , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Adulto , Chile , Feminino , Morte Fetal/microbiologia , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Listeriose/microbiologia , Listeriose/terapia , Assistência Perinatal , Gravidez , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/microbiologia , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/terapia , Resultado da Gravidez , Estudos Retrospectivos , Adulto Jovem
6.
Rev. chil. infectol ; Rev. chil. infectol;25(5): 336-341, oct. 2008. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-495863

RESUMO

Listeria monocytogenes is Gram-positive facultative intracellular pathogen often foodborne and found elsewhere. It is an uncommon cause of illness in the general population. However, it is an important cause of severe infection in neonates, pregnant women, elderly and immunosuppressed patients. Listeriosis has unique preference for pregnant women. Maternal listeriosis is a diagnostic challenge, and intrauterine infection can lead to severe complications such as amnionitis, preterm labor, spontaneous abortion, stillbirth and neonatal sepsis. From 2001 to 2005, 16 patients with L. monocytogenes were identified in this hospital; four (25 percent) were pregnant women. Clinical and laboratory findings are described. There were 3 preterm deliveries and 1 spontaneous second trimester abortion. Three women with listeriosis had no predisposing factors other than pregnaney. One patient was on immunosupressive drugs for ulcerative colitis. Fever was the most common symptom. Infected neonates were most commonly diagnosed with early-onset listeriosis (two cases) or fetal demise (one case). Pregnaney can be the only risk factor for listeriosis. Listeriosis should be considered during the evaluation of febrile syndrome in pregnaney as this condition can be the only risk factor. Blood and amniotic fluid cultures are useful diagnostic tests. Perinatal complications remains high.


Listeria monocytogenes es un bacilo grampositivo, intracelular facultativo, que se encuentra ampliamente difundido en la naturaleza, frecuentemente en alimentos. Las infecciones afectan principalmente a pacientes inmunocomprometidos, ancianos, mujeres embarazadas y neonatos. La infección intrauterina puede producir importantes complicaciones como corioamnionitis, parto de pre-término, aborto espontáneo de primer o segundo trimestre, mortinatos y sepsis neonatal. En el período 2001-2005, 16 pacientes con infección por L. monocytogenes fueron identificados en nuestro hospital. Cuatro de ellos (25 por ciento) se presentaron en mujeres embarazadas; se describen sus características clínicas y de laboratorio. Hubo tres partos de pre-término y un aborto espontáneo de segundo trimestre. En tres de las cuatro pacientes, el único factor de riesgo fue el embarazo. Una paciente recibía terapia inmunosupresora por una colitis ulcerosa. Fiebre fue el síntoma más frecuente. El compromiso feto-neonatal se manifestó por listeriosis neonatal precoz (dos casos) y mortinato (un caso). El embarazo puede ser el único factor predisponente a desarrollar listeriosis. Ésta debe considerarse en la evaluación del síndrome febril de una mujer embarazada. Los cultivos de sangre y líquido amniótico son útiles para su diagnóstico. La tasa de complicaciones perinatales permanece elevada.


Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Gravidez , Adulto Jovem , Listeriose/diagnóstico , Listeria monocytogenes/isolamento & purificação , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/diagnóstico , Chile , Morte Fetal/microbiologia , Listeriose/microbiologia , Listeriose/terapia , Assistência Perinatal , Resultado da Gravidez , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/microbiologia , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/terapia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Adulto Jovem
7.
Rev Chilena Infectol ; 25(3): 155-61, 2008 Jun.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18580990

RESUMO

UNLABELLED: Congenital syphilis (CS) is an important health problem in Chile, with a rate of 0.25/1,000 live newborn (NB) during year 2004. In 2000, the Chilean Ministry of Public Health recommended to perform a screening in cord blood at the moment of delivery. Instead, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines recommend the screening in maternal serum since cord blood has up to 5% of false (-) versus 0.5% of maternal serum, both with respect to the NB serum. OBJECTIVE: Maternal serum and NB cord blood were studied during one year to determine the best screening method at delivery. METHODS: RPR was performed and positive results were confirmed by treponemic test (immunochromatographyDetermine, ELISA Captia, Ig and IgM, and MHA-Tp). Serologically confirmed patients were evaluated by the specialist to define CS cases. RESULTS: Between June 1999 and August 2000 2,741 binomies were studied; of these, 37 (1.3%) were RPR reactive and 2.704 were non-reactive. In 11 of the 37 reactive cases, mother and NB were RPR reactive (Group I), in 9 cases the NB was RPR reactive and the mother was non-reactive (Group II), and the other 17 were NB non-reactive and mother reactive (Group III). In group I, 7/11 (64%) were true (+)s and 4/11(36%)) false (+)s of RPR. In group II, 9/9 (100%) corresponded to false (+)s of RPR in cord blood, and in group III, 11/17 (65%) corresponded to false (+)s of RPR in maternal blood but 6/17 (35%) were found to be cases of syphilis during pregnancy. Three of them were not treated opportunely and were designed as CS. In total 9 NB corresponded to CS (6 in group I and 3 in group III). If the screening had been performed only in cord blood, three NB with CS would have not been diagnosed. CONCLUSION: Even when maternal serum has a high rate of false (+)s, it has better sensitivity than cord blood for the diagnosis of CS, thus it is suggested to perform the screening at delivery with maternal serum instead of cord blood samples.


Assuntos
Sangue Fetal/imunologia , Sorodiagnóstico da Sífilis/métodos , Sífilis Congênita/diagnóstico , Adulto , Reações Falso-Negativas , Reações Falso-Positivas , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Triagem Neonatal/métodos , Estudos Prospectivos , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Sífilis Congênita/sangue
8.
Rev. chil. infectol ; Rev. chil. infectol;25(3): 155-161, jun. 2008. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-484881

RESUMO

La sífilis congénita (SC) es un problema importante en Chile, con una tasa de 0,25/1.000 recién nacidos (RNs) vivos en el año 2004. En el año 2000, el Ministerio de Salud recomendaba como tamizaje al momento del parto una muestra de sangre de cordón. El Centro de Control y Prevención de Enfermedades, (CDC), Atlanta, E.U.A. recomendó, desde 1998, el tamizaje al parto con suero materno ya que respecto del suero del RN, la sangre de cordón y el suero materno tienen respectivamente hasta 5 y 0,5 por ciento> de falsos negativos. Objetivo: Determinar el mejor tamizaje al momento del parto. Métodos: Se estudiaron muestras de suero materno y sangre de cordón de los RNs durante un año. Se realizó RPR y de ser positiva, pruebas treponémicas confirmatorias (imunocromatográfico Determine®, ELISA Captia® IgG e IgM y microhemaglutinación). Todos los pacientes confirmados fueron vistos por el especialista para definir los casos de SC. Resultados: Entre junio de 1999 y agosto del 2000 se estudiaron 2.741 binomios madre-RN; de éstos 37/2.704 (1,3 por ciento) fueron RPR reactivos. Once eran RPR reactivo en la madre y en el RN (Grupo I), 9 eran RPR reactivo en el RN y no reactivo en la madre (Grupo II) y 17 eran RN con RPR no reactivo y reactivo en la madre (Grupo III). En el Grupo I hubo 64 por ciento> (7/11) de verdaderos (+)s y 36 por ciento (4/11) de falsos (+)s del RPR. En el Grupo II, 9/ 9 (100 por cientoo), correspondieron a falsos (+)s del RPR en sangre de cordón y en el Grupo III, 11/17 (67 por ciento>) correspondieron a falsos (+)s del RPR en sangre materna pero hubo 6/17 (35 por ciento>) que correspondían a sífilis durante el embarazo y en tres de ellas no hubo tratamiento intra-embarazo, por lo que fueron catalogadas como SC y los RNs debieron ser tratados. En total hubo 9 RNs que correspondieron a SC (6 del grupo I y 3 del grupo III). Si sólo se hubiese realizado tamizaje en sangre de cordón, 3 RNs con SC no se hubiesen....


Congenital syphilis (CS) is an important health problem in Chile, with a rate of 0.25/1,000 live newborn (NB) during year 2004. In 2000, the Chilean Ministry of Public Health recommended to perform a screening in cord blood at the moment of delivery. Instead, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines recommend the screening in maternal serum since cord blood has up to 5 percent of false (-) versus 0.5 percent of maternal serum, both with respect to the NB serum. Objective: Maternal serum and NB cord blood were studied during one year to determine the best screening method at delivery. Methods: RPR was performed and positive results were confirmed by treponemic test (immunochromatographyDetermine®, ELISA Captia®, Ig and IgM, and MHA-Tp). Serologically confirmed patients were evaluated by the specialist to define CS cases. Results: Between June 1999 and August 2000 2,741 binomies were studied; of these, 37 (1.3 percent) were RPR reactive and 2.704 were non-reactive. In 11 of the 37 reactive cases, mother and NB were RPR reactive (Group I), in 9 cases the NB was RPR reactive and the mother was non-reactive (Group II), and the other 17 were NB non-reactive and mother reactive (Group III). In group I, 7/11 (64 percent) were true (+)s and 4/11(36 percent)) false (+)s of RPR. In group II, 9/9 (100 percent) corresponded to false (+)s of RPR in cord blood, and in group III, 11/17 (65 percent) corresponded to false (+)s of RPR in maternal blood but 6/17 (35 percent) were found to be cases of syphilis during pregnancy. Three of them were not treated opportunely and were designed as CS. In total 9 NB corresponded to CS (6 in group I and 3 in group III). If the screening had been performed only in cord blood, three NB with CS would have not been diagnosed. Conclusion: Even when maternal serum has a high rate of false (+)s, it has better sensitivity than cord blood for the diagnosis of CS, thus it is suggested to perform the screening ...


Assuntos
Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Sangue Fetal/imunologia , Sorodiagnóstico da Sífilis/métodos , Sífilis Congênita/diagnóstico , Reações Falso-Negativas , Reações Falso-Positivas , Triagem Neonatal/métodos , Estudos Prospectivos , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Sífilis Congênita/sangue
10.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol ; 71(4): 267-273, 2006. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-436614

RESUMO

Las malformaciones congénitas son la principal causa de muerte neonatal precoz en nuestro medio; en la mayoría de los casos corresponden a cardiopatías congénitas mayores. Las cardiopatías congénitas tienen una incidencia de 8/1.000 recién nacidos vivos, correspondiendo la mitad de ellas a cardiopatías congénitas mayores. Una de las intervenciones recomendadas para reducir la mortalidad de este grupo de niños es evaluar rutinariamente la anatomía del corazón fetal mediante ecografía obstétrica, para planificar la atención neonatal, de aquellos fetos con cardiopatías congénitas, en el momento y lugar más oportuno. En objetivo de la presente revisión es comprobar si el diagnóstico prenatal de una cardiopatía congénita mejora el pronóstico perinatal respecto de aquellos casos que son diagnosticados post parto. Observamos que el diagnóstico antenatal de cardiopatía congénita, no mejora la sobrevida neonatal, excepto en ciertas cardiopatías congénitas ductus dependientes (transposición de grandes arterias, hipoplasia del corazón izquierdo y coartación de aorta), en que si se ha reportado una mayor probabilidad de sobrevida en el grupo de recién nacidos en los cuales se realizó el diagnóstico en el período prenatal. Recomendamos la evaluación rutinaria del corazón fetal en la ecografía obstétrica habitual, y efectuar ecocardiografía fetal especializada ante la sospecha de alteraciones o en aquellos grupos de mayor riesgo.


Congenital malformations are the main cause of neonatal death; in most of the cases they correspond to major congenital heart defects. Congenital heart defects have an incidence of 8/1,000 live newborns, corresponding half of them to major congenital heart defects. To reduce the mortality of this group of children routine evaluation of fetal heart anatomy by ultrasound is recommended, allowing neonatal care, of those fetuses with congenital heart defects, at the appropriate time and place. Here we attempt to verify if prenatal diagnosis of a congenital heart defect improves the perinatal outcome compare to postnatal diagnosis. We observed that the prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart defects, does not improve the neonatal outcome, except in certain congenital ductus dependent heart defects (transposition of great vessels, hypoplastic left heart syndrome and aortic coarctation), where a better outcome has been shown for those new born with prenatal diagnosis. We recommend routine evaluation of the fetal heart during prenatal ultrasound, and to carry out fetal echocardiography in high risk groups or when a defect is suspected.


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Cardiopatias Congênitas , Coração Fetal , Ecocardiografia , Ultrassonografia Pré-Natal , Prognóstico , Sensibilidade e Especificidade
11.
Neurologia ; 20(10): 698-701, 2005 Dec.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16317593

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Patients who suffer seizures sometimes have electrocardiographic disorders during both the seizure and the post-critical period. The incidence of sudden death in epileptic patients (SUDEP) is greater than that observed in non-epileptic patients, there being evidence of respiratory disorders, cardiac arrhythmias, encephalic involvement and coronary ischemia during the seizures. This coronary ischemia has been mainly described in patients with drug refractory epilepsy, it being quite rare in patients without background of refractory seizures. During the seizure and in the post-critical period, changes have also been described in the ST segment. This suggests that the stimulation of the autonomic system may create the adequate substrate to cause myocardial ischemia. In this situation, ventricular arrhythmias and serious myocardial dysfunction may be observed. Besides the ischemia, on other occasions, there are alterations in the heart rhythm, it being possible to observe different effects and arrhythmias in the same patient. CLINICAL CASE: We present the case of a 50 year old male in whom electrocardiographic alterations with depression of the ST segment, without arrhythmias, were observed immediately after his first seizures. CONCLUSION: In some cases, cardiac alterations previously unknown in epileptic patients could explain the unexpected deaths of epileptics in SUDEP diagnosed cases.


Assuntos
Morte Súbita/etiologia , Eletrocardiografia , Epilepsia , Epilepsia/complicações , Epilepsia/fisiopatologia , Hematoma Subdural/patologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Isquemia Miocárdica/etiologia , Isquemia Miocárdica/mortalidade , Isquemia Miocárdica/fisiopatologia
12.
Rev Neurol ; 41(10): 582-6, 2005.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16288419

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: In 1988 the International Headache Society (IHS) published the 1st edition of its headache classification and the 2nd edition was completed in 2003. AIM. To determine whether there exist changes in the incidence of post-lumbar puncture headache depending on the edition of the IHS classification. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between 2002 and 2003 data was gathered prospectively for 78 patients who were submitted to a diagnostic lumbar puncture, 40 obstetric spinal anaesthesias and 516 non-obstetric spinal anaesthesias. The 1st edition was used and, after the appearance of the 2nd edition, the cases were recoded. RESULTS: With the 1st edition, there were 31 out of 78 cases (39.7%) of post-puncture headache in diagnostic punctures, and when the 2nd edition was used, the number dropped to 10 cases (12.8%). The incidence of headache among patients who had undergone obstetric spinal anaesthesia was six cases out of a total of 40 (15%) using the 1st edition, and four cases with the 2nd edition (10%). The incidence of headache among patients after non-obstetric spinal anaesthesia was 80 cases out of a total of 516 (15.5%) when the 1st edition was utilised and 25 cases with the 2nd edition (4.85%). CONCLUSIONS: To compare the incidences of post-lumbar puncture headaches obtained by diverse observers we need to know which edition was used, since there are considerable differences between the results obtained using one edition or the other. The main reason accounting for the discrepancy between the two editions is the compulsory association of some accompanying sign, since this was not a necessary criterion in the 1st edition but it is included in the 2nd.


Assuntos
Anestesia Obstétrica/efeitos adversos , Raquianestesia/efeitos adversos , Cefaleia , Punção Espinal/efeitos adversos , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Criança , Feminino , Cefaleia/classificação , Cefaleia/epidemiologia , Cefaleia/etiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos
13.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol ; 69(1): 2-7, 2004. ilus, tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-383716

RESUMO

La incidencia de diabetes gestacional varía notablemente según el origen étnico del grupo evaluado. Se discute la necesidad de realizar screening en el embarazo y el método a utilizar. Este estudio compara dos grupos de 4.944 y 2.385 embarazadas que en períodos distintos, fueron sometidas a screening para diabetes gestacional. El primero según el esquema propuesto por la American Diabetes Association (ADA) y el segundo por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) y adoptado por el Ministerio de Salud de Chile (MINSAL) en 1998. Se observó que la incidencia de diabetes gestacional en el grupo según criterio ADA fue de 3,18 por ciento, mientras que en el grupo según criterio OMS fue de 7,72 por ciento. Asimismo, la incidencia de complicaciones asociadas a diabetes gestacional, tales como, fetos grandes para la edad gestacional, hipoglicemia neonatal e hipertensión del embarazo, fueron más frecuentes en diabéticas gestacionales según criterio ADA que en aquellas según criterio OMS. En contraste, no se observo diferencia entre ambos grupos en lo relativo a traumatismo obstétrico, asfixia neonatal y tasas de cesárea.


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Recém-Nascido , Técnicas de Laboratório Clínico , Técnicas e Procedimentos Diagnósticos , Diabetes Gestacional/diagnóstico , Diabetes Gestacional/epidemiologia , Glucose/administração & dosagem , Programas de Rastreamento , Triagem Neonatal , Teste de Tolerância a Glucose , Glucose , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco
14.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol ; 68(4): 327-329, 2003.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-364613

RESUMO

El tratamiento de la metrorragia postparto contempla enfoques quirúrgicos conservadores para aquellas pacientes en quienes se desea conservar la fertilidad. En ellas la ligadura de arterias hipogástricas muestra buenos resultados en el control del sangrado, además ha mostrado éxito en lograr embarazos posteriores. Se presenta un caso clínico manejado por los autores y se analiza la literatura disponible.


Assuntos
Feminino , Gravidez , Artéria Ilíaca/cirurgia , Hemorragia Pós-Parto/cirurgia , Complicações na Gravidez
15.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol ; 67(3): 180-183, 2002. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-340332

RESUMO

La rotura uterina se presenta habitualmente en pacientes con cicatriz de cesáreas previas, siendo la rotura de un útero sin cicatriz un fenómeno infrecuente, pero de graves consecuencias para la madre y el feto. Presentamos nuestra experiencia reciente, detallando el manejo y resultados maternos y fetales


Assuntos
Humanos , Adulto , Feminino , Gravidez , Recém-Nascido , Cesárea/efeitos adversos , Complicações na Gravidez , Ruptura Uterina , Mortalidade Infantil , Mortalidade Materna , Resultado da Gravidez , História Reprodutiva , Fatores de Risco , Ruptura Uterina
16.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol ; 67(3): 226-231, 2002. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-340341

RESUMO

La infección urinaria es la patología infecciosa más frecuente en el embarazo. Puede producir graves consecuencias para la madre y el feto. El presente trabajo muestra la frecuencia de los distintos cuadros clínicos, agentes involucrados, antimicrobianos utilizados en el tratamiento, y sensibilidad de los agentes a dichas drogas durante el período entre marzo y diciembre de 2001. Se comparan dichos resultados con lo publicado por nuestro centro en 1988. Destaca la disminución en la incidencia de pielonefritis aguda y la aparición en los microorganismos de resistencia significativa a la cefazolina en el último período


Assuntos
Humanos , Adulto , Feminino , Gravidez , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez , Infecções Urinárias , Anti-Infecciosos Urinários , Bacteriúria , Resistência Microbiana a Medicamentos , Enterobacter , Escherichia coli , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez , Proteus mirabilis , Recidiva , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Staphylococcus , Streptococcus agalactiae , Infecções Urinárias
17.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol ; 67(2): 106-109, 2002. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-326023

RESUMO

Streptococcus agalactie es el principal agente causal de sepsis neonatal de aparición precoz con una incidencia que fluctúa entre 1 y 3 por 1000 recién nacidos vivos. Se han entregado pautas dirigidas a reducir las tasas de sepsis precoz con la administración de antibióticos intraparto. Se ha propuesto como antibiótico de primera elección la penicilina o ampicilina, y clindacimina para pacientes alérgicos a las primeras, pero también se ha planteado el uso de eritromicina o cefazolina. Se estidia la sensibilidad a estas drogas, en 183 cepas de sterptocuccus grupo B, aisladas en 917 embarazadas, al final del tercer trimestre, en la región vaginal y perianal


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Adulto , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez , Streptococcus agalactiae , Ampicilina , Cefazolina , Clindamicina , Resistência Microbiana a Medicamentos , Eritromicina , Infecções Estreptocócicas/etiologia , Infecções Estreptocócicas/tratamento farmacológico , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Penicilinas , Terceiro Trimestre da Gravidez , Sepse , Streptococcus agalactiae , Vancomicina
18.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol ; 66(5): 414-418, 2001. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-313266

RESUMO

El presente trabajo resume nuestra experiencia reciente con ligadura de arterias hipogástricas en el manejo de 7 pacientes con hemorragía periparto severa en el período 1999-2001. Se discute la técnica de ligadura de arterias hipogástricas, su aplicabilidad, complicaciones y resultados. En un 85 por ciento de los casos se logró resolver la emergencia mediante la técnica de ligadura bilateral de arterias hipogástricas. Se revisa la literatura con especial énfasis en el manejo conservador de la hemorragía periparto


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Adulto , Artéria Ilíaca/cirurgia , Ligadura , Hemorragia Pós-Parto , Evolução Clínica , Ligadura , Complicações do Trabalho de Parto , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Espaço Retroperitoneal , Estudos Retrospectivos
19.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol ; 66(1): 1-8, 2001. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-295340

RESUMO

Se presenta un informe retrospectivo de 22 casos de hernia diafragmática congénita. Se dividieron en dos grupos de acuerdo al momento del diagnóstico, siendo prenatal en 11 pacientes y posnatal en la mitad restante. En el primer grupo el diagnóstico se hizo entre las 14 y 36 semanas de embarazo y los partos ocurrieron entre las 27 y 39 semanas. Seis niños fueron sometidos a cirugía correctora, sobreviviendo sólo 2; los otros 5 fallecieron antes de ser intervenidos, mostrando una mortalidad de 81,8 por ciento. En el segundo grupo se hizo diagnóstico entre el primer día de vida y los 11 meses de edad. Todos se sometieron a cirugía y dos fallecieron en el postoperatorio, con una mortalidad de 18,2 por ciento. La mortalidad general fue de 50 por ciento (11/22). Los resultados muestran que el diagnóstico prenatal de este defecto congénito se asocia a mayor mortalidad neonatal y se discute cuáles serían las razones de ello, así como sus implicancias para el tratamiento


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Gravidez , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Anormalidades do Sistema Digestório/diagnóstico , Hérnia Diafragmática/congênito , Complicações na Gravidez/diagnóstico , Anormalidades do Sistema Digestório/cirurgia , Anormalidades do Sistema Digestório/complicações , Anormalidades do Sistema Digestório/mortalidade , Dextrocardia/cirurgia , Fetoscopia , Hérnia Diafragmática Traumática/cirurgia , Hérnia Diafragmática Traumática/diagnóstico , Hérnia Diafragmática Traumática/mortalidade , Idade Materna , História Natural das Doenças , Cuidado Pós-Natal , Complicações na Gravidez/cirurgia , Prognóstico , Infecções Respiratórias/etiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Ultrassonografia Pré-Natal
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