[Comparative research into sensitivity and specificity of immune-enzyme analysis with chemiluminescence and colorimetric detection for detecting antigens and antibodies to avian influenza viruses and newcastle disease].

The goal of this work was to demonstrate the results of the development of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent tests with chemiluminescence detection and colorimetric detection of specific viral antigens and antibodies for identifying the avian influenza and the Newcastle disease viruses: high sensitivity and specificity of the immuno- chemiluminescence assay, which are 10-50 times higher than those of the ELISA colorimetric method. The high effectiveness of the results and the automation of the process of laboratory testing (using a luminometer) allow these methods to be recommended for including in primary screening tests for these infectious diseases.

[Substantiation of optimum condition of parainfluenza-3 virus cultivation for production of vaccines on the finite cell line].

Research is performed for investigation of cultivation peculiarities of virus parainfluenza-3 on different cell cultures and optimization of methods of virus infection of these cultures with PI-3 virus in the process of development of vaccines. Influence of a seed lot on the formation rate of a cellular monolayer of continuous cell cultures PT-80, LEK, KSTand T-1 is defined, it is established that the seed lot of 250,000 cells in 1 ml provides optimum concentration for formation of a full monolayer within the time limits of 48-72 hours. The most sensitive cell cultures (PT-80) for cultivation of parainfluenza-3 virus are selected; an optimal CCID of virus PI-3(0,1 TCD/ml), whereby we can observe the maximal accumulation of a virus within 2-4 day after infecting cell cultures, is defined.

An Efficient Method for the Delivery of the Interleukin-2 Gene to Human Hematopoietic Cells using the Fiber-Modified Recombinant Adenovirus.

Recombinant human adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5/35F-IL2) with modified fibres containing the C-terminal domain fiber-knob of human adenovirus serotype 35, carrying the gene of recombinant human IL-2, has been designed. As a result of the fiber modification, the adenovirus can efficiently deliver the genetic information to bone marrow leukocytes and the tumor blood cells KG-1A (human myeloblastic leukemia cells) and U937 (human histiocytic lymphoma cells), which are normally resistant to Ad5 infection. The flow cytometry data reveal that the modified Ad5/35F penetrates into a population of monocytes, granulocytes, and blast cells of human bone marrow. The expression of interleukin-2 in CAR-negative bone marrow leukocytes (3682.52 ± 134.21 pg/ml) and the cell lines KG-1A (748.3 ± 32.8 pg/ml) and U937 (421.5 ± 59.4 pg/ml) transduced with adenovirus Ad5/35F-IL2 is demonstrated. The fiber-modified adenovirus can be used as a vector for the efficient gene delivery of interleukin-2 to human normal and tumor hematopoietic cells.

[Influence of integrin-binding motif (RGD) on attachment and internalization of avian adenovirus CELO in mammalian cells].

Recombinant avian adenovirus CELO bearing sequence RGD in the structure of a HI-loop of long fiber was designed. Experiments in vitro revealed that introduction of RGD-motif into fiber of CELO increased the ability of the virus to be attached to a surface of CAR-negative cells, and raised efficiency of the process of internalization of the virus both in CAR-positive, and in CAR-negative cells.

[Use of polymeric suspensions as a viral sorbent to detect cattle serum antibodies].

The paper shows it possible to use stained polymeric microspheres, 1.7 microm in diameter, that contain viruses onto the surface, in the latex agglutination test to detect antibodies to the bovine serum viruses of infective rhinotracheitis, parainfluenza-3, viral diarrhea, respiratory syncytial infection, and adenoviral infection.

Effect of membranotropic and mucoadhesive formulations of protein proteinase inhibitors on bovine herpes virus-1 reproduction.

The lipidized derivatives of Bowman-Birk soybean protease inhibitor (BBI) containing one to three oleoyl groups were synthesized and characterized. The (ole)(1)- and (ole)(2)BBI were demonstrated to have 200- and 100-fold higher uptake into Caco-2 cell monolayers compared to native BBI. The acylated BBI had increased affinity to elastase-like proteases. Aprotinin-loaded starch/bovine serum albumin microcapsules were prepared using interfacial cross-linking with terephthaloyl chloride and characterized for their morphology, size and release of the inhibitor. Various formulations of protein proteinase inhibitors were tested for their influence on BHV-1 reproduction in cell cultures. Native aprotinin possessed palpable dose-dependent effect inhibiting the virus reproduction up to 4.0 lg (10,000-fold). The bioadhesive, biodegradable aprotinin-loaded microcapsules were the most effective decreasing virus infectious titer up to 4.0 lg and delaying the cytopathic effect up to 144 h in lesser doses of aprotinin. The lipophilic derivative (ole)(1)BBI was shown to exhibit effective inhibition (>100-fold) of BHV-1 reproduction unlike native BBI.

In vitro inhibition of bovine herpes virus 1 reproduction with native and microencapsulated proteinase inhibitor aprotinin.

This study evaluated the antiviral effect of various dosage forms of proteinase inhibitor-aprotinin as a potential remedy for prophylactics and therapy of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis. Formulations of the inhibitor were tested for their influence on bovine herpes virus reproduction in cell cultures. Starch/bovine serum albumin microcapsules with aprotinin were prepared using interfacial cross-linking with terephthaloyl chloride and characterized for their morphology, size and release of the inhibitor. Two types of these microcapsules-impregnated and loaded with the inhibitor-were used in virus infectious studies. Native aprotinin possessed palpable dose-dependent antiviral effect inhibiting the virus reproduction up to 4.0 lg (10000-fold) and delaying the cytopathic effect up to 96 h in the concentration 800-3300 TIU/ml. The bioadhesive, biodegradable aprotinin-loaded microcapsules were the most effective antiviral drug as this formulation allowed to decrease virus infectious titer up to 4.0 lg and a delay in the cytopathic effect of up to 144 h in lesser doses of inhibitor compared with the native form. In comparison the antiviral effect of microcapsules impregnated with aprotinin was not so appreciable. It was interesting to note that the results of the experiments on diverse cultures were very similar. This was because the drugs influenced the fundamental processes of virus replication cycle.

[The preparation phosprenyl suppresses diarrhea and cattle infectious rhinotracheitis virus multiplication in sensitive cell cultures]. / Preparat fosprenyl podavliaet razmnozhenie virusov diarei i infektsionnogo rinotrakheita krupnogo rogatogo skota v chuvstvitel'nykh kul'turakh kletok.

Fosprenil suppressed the multiplication of cattle diarrhea virus in calf coronary vessel cell culture. Added to the culture of infected cells in a dose of 200 mg, the drug decreased the virus titer 30-fold in comparison with infected control cultures. Antiviral activity of fosprenil towards infective rhinotracheitis virus multiplication was still higher: in a dose of 100 mg it decreased the virus titer in fetal calf lung culture 100-fold in comparison with the control. Moreover, the cytopathogenic effects of the viruses in infected cultures were 24-48 h delayed under the effect of fosprenil in comparison with infected control cultures. These results recommend fosprenil for the treatment of cattle viral diseases.

[Method of adaptometry in the evaluation of gastric secretory function in children under conditions of the North]. / Metod adaptometrii v otsenke sekretornoi funktsii zheludka u detei v usloviiakh Severa.

Some ways of evaluating the man-made environmental tension of populations are proposed. Using the parameters of gastric secretion, the authors made a comparative analysis of man-made environmental tension in various ethnic children populations when they had different recreation and diets in autumn and spring. To study the nature of adaptative changes, correlation adaptometry was chosen, which is currently the most accessible for processing and the most accurate in reflecting tension dynamics in the study groups. The findings indicate high man-made environmental tension of the digestive system in children from all ethnic groups. Moreover, dysadaptation was found in the children of newcomers and the North's nationalities on the European nutrition style.

[Antigenic determinants of the hexon of bovine adenovirus type 3]. / Antigennye determinanty geksona adenovirusa krupnogo rogatovogo skota vida 3.

Radioimmunoprecipitation of cattle adenovirus type 3 revealed in its hexon a determinant of narrow specificity (species-specific or subgenus-specific), intersubgenus-specific (common for cattle adenovirus subgroups 1 and 2), genus-specific (common for mammalian adenoviruses) and intergeneric (common for mammalian and avian adenoviruses) antigenic determinants.

[Characteristics of intranuclear inclusions formed during the reproduction of bovine adenoviruses]. / Kharakteristika vnutriiadernykh vkliuchenii, obrazuiushchikhsia pri reproduktsii adenovirusov krupnogo rogatogo skota.

A cytomorphological method was used to study the reproduction of bovine adenoviruses: Ad bos 1 - Ad bos 3, belonging to the serological subgroup I, and Ad bos 4, Ad bos 5, Ad bos 7, Ad bos 8, belonging to the serological subgroup II, and those isolated from animal adenoviruses N18 and N3056. Cytomorphological method is supposed to be used not only for revealing bovine adenoviruses but also for determining preliminarily their subgroup belonging.

[Properties of the influenza viruses isolated in 1976 from gulls in Astrakhan Province]. / Izuchenie svoistv virusov grippa, vydelennykh v 1976 g. ot chaikovykh ptits v Astrakhanskoi oblasti.

Investigation of a number of properties of influenza viruses isolated from Laridae birds in the Astrakhan region showed that in one epizootic focus avian influenza viruses with different hemagglutinins and identical neuraminidase may circulate among Laridae birds. Among viruses with the antigenic formula Hav5Nav2 clear-cut differences in virulence and plaque-forming capacity were demonstrated.

Sikhote-Alin virus, a new member of the cardiovirus group (Picornaviridae) isolated from Ixodes persulcatus ticks in Primorie Region.

A virus, designated Sikhote-Alin, was isolated in 1970 from Ixodes persulcatus ticks collected from a wild boar in the Primorie region (U.S.S.R.) Sikhote-Alin virus showed no haemagglutinating activity and no antigenic relationships with arboviruses of 12 antigenic groups, 17 ungrouped tick-borne arboviruses, porcine enteroviruses and coxsackie A (types 1-18) viruses. An one-way antigenic relationship was demonstrated by complement fixation with cardioviruses (Mengo and Columbia-SK strains). The virus contains RNA, is resistant to lipid solvents, highly thermostable in the presence of 1 M MgCl2 and its size is over 20 nm but less than 25 nm. All these properties make it possible to consider it as a new member of the cardiovirus group (genus Enterovirus; Picornaviridae).