Development of a negative ion-based neutral beam injector in Novosibirsk.

A 1000 keV, 5 MW, 1000 s neutral beam injector based on negative ions is being developed in the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Novosibirsk in collaboration with Tri Alpha Energy, Inc. The innovative design of the injector features the spatially separated ion source and an electrostatic accelerator. Plasma or photon neutralizer and energy recuperation of the remaining ion species is employed in the injector to provide an overall energy efficiency of the system as high as 80%. A test stand for the beam acceleration is now under construction. A prototype of the negative ion beam source has been fabricated and installed at the test stand. The prototype ion source is designed to produce 120 keV, 1.5 A beam.

[Psychopathology-like states after craniocerebral trauma]. / Psikhopatopodobnye sostoianiia posle cherepno-mozgovykh travm.

The presence of stable personal disharmony in the form of a reduced organic mental syndrome served as a criterion for diagnosis of personality changes after traumatic head injuries. The patients were divided into a group with prevalence of personality changes (81 patients) and a group with predominance of pronounced organic mental syndrome (141 patients). Personality disorders prevailed in the patients who had got mild and moderate traumas at the age of 13-25 years, with less number of additional pathogenic factors of exogenic organic spectrum in anamnesis. 3 variants of the course of personality disorders were recognized: with a tendency toward reduction of emotional and drive pathology; with a tendency to intensification of intellectual and mnestic disorders and transformation into large-scale organic mental syndrome; with a tendency toward an increase of pathological traits of personality in conditions of growing influence of the environmental and psychogenic factors.

[Comparative analysis of the clinico-epidemiological and prognostic data in schizophrenic and epileptic psychoses]. / Sravnitel'nyi analiz kliniko-épidemiologicheskikh i prognosticheskikh dannykh pri shizofrenicheskikh i épilepticheskikh psikhozakh.

Based on a material of a clinico-epidemiological study of 451 cases of schizophrenia and 329 cases of epilepsy with psychotic manifestations, the clinico-prognostic correlations were established in the two aspects: nosological and from the standpoint of the progress of the pathological process. The concept of isomorphism and the concept of varying prediction of the psychotic manifestations in schizophrenia and epilepsy are interpreted from the viewpoint of the primary localization of brain derangement.

[Psychoses and dementia in epilepsy (clinical picture, syndromokinesis, prognosis)]. / Psikhozy i slaboumie pri épilepsii (klinika, sindromokinez, prognoz).

Using clinical, biographic and social parameters the authors analyzed the results of long-term observation on a group of patients (n = 450) with epilepsy accompanied by psychotic disturbances. Prognostic signs of a favourable variant included the predominance of homogeneous attacks and an affective structure of psychotic disorders. In cases with a moderately severe variant paroxysmal manifestations were presented by an array of temporal and unfolded convulsive forms. Psychotic disorders of the hallucinatory-delirious type serve as signs of a late exacerbation of the epileptic process. An unfavourable variant was characterized by polymorphic attacks with predominance of postural and psychomotor components, frequent states of decompensation, an increase in signs of epileptic dementia and a wide spectrum of psychotic disturbances, ranging from overworship ideas to affective-delirious and catatonic-delirious psychoses.

[Reactive depressions on psychotic and non-psychotic levels in the remote period of craniocerebral injuries]. / Reaktivnye depressii psikhoticheskogo i nepsikhoticheskogo urovnei v otdalennom periode cherepno-mozgovoi travmy.

This is a report of a staged comparative study of 120 patients with neurotic (n = 60) and psychotic (n = 60) depressions secondary to a traumatic brain disease. Variants of depressive disturbances were identified. Neurotic disorders included neurasthenic, hysterical, and hypochondriac; psychotic ones--paranoid, hysterical, and adynamic. Criteria for the differential diagnosis of these conditions are outlined.

[Clinico-dynamic features of neurotic and psychotic hysterical depressions in the late period of craniocerebral injuries]. / Kliniko-dinamicheskie osobennosti nevroticheskikh i psikhoticheskikh istericheskikh depressii v otdalennom periode cherepno-mozgovoi travmy.

Twenty patients with neurotic and twenty patients with psychotic hysterical depressions developing in the presence of long-term consequences of craniocerebral injuries were subjected to a comparative examination. Differences and transitions between these two conditions are not a uniform intensification of a definite set of symptoms but present a qualitative transformation of the status with extension of disorders to all spheres of mental activity.