A case of suspected primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma: An uncommon cause of sudden death.

Primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma (PMLBCL) is an aggressive tumor originating from thymic B-cells. Clinically, it presents with general signs such as cough, chest pain and dyspnea. Although these symptoms are not specific, they are severe enough to reveal the disease. We report an autopsy case of a 25-year-old man, with a recent past history of cough and dyspnea, for which he consulted twice the emergency department and no diagnosis was made. He presented to the Emergency Unit, with a sudden onset of a dyspnea followed by a loss of consciousness. He was shortly declared dead after, a medico-legal autopsy was requested. On external examination, no traumatic lesions on the body were found, an important cyanosis of the face and ears, was, however, found. On autopsy, a mediastinal mass was found, measuring 19 cm × 25 cm and weighing 600 g, extending to the infra-hyoid region and to the thoracic cage and infiltrating the pericardium. Trachea had a necrotic mucosa with a partially obstructive lymph node mass. The diagnosis of a primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma was suspected based on pathological and immunohistochemical findings. The cause of death was finally attributed to respiratory failure due to this tumor.

Sudden death due to Takayasu arteritis complication associated with situs inversus totalis: A case discovered at autopsy.

Takayasu arteritis is a rare pathology that usually has general and atypical signs that make its diagnosis difficult. These characteristics can delay diagnosis, thus leading to complications and death. We, herein, report an autopsy case of a 25-year-old female patient with a history of multiple consultations for dyspnea. During these consultations, no diagnosis was made. She was found unconscious near her home and shortly after, she was declared dead. Forensic autopsy revealed superficial traumatic lesions. Internal examination revealed complete situs inversus. Multiple bilateral pleural adhesions and bilateral moderate effusion were found. The heart was heavy with thickening of the aortic wall (1.1cm), carotid arteries, and pulmonary trunk, associated with a large aortic valve and evidence of leakage. Histological examination of the aorta and its major branches showed features of panarteritis with segmental involvement. The vascular wall was thick with lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate and giant cells involving mainly the medio-adventitial junction. Disruption of the elastic lamina and reactive fibrosis in the intima were also noted. Diagnosis of large vessel vasculitis and particularly Takayasu arteritis was made. Death was therefore attributed to heart failure due to aortic insufficiency as a complication of Takayasu arteritis.

Cardiac rupture during acute myocardial infarction : Autopsy study (2004-2020).

INTRODUCTION: Cardiac rupture is a rare but critical complication of myocardial infarction with an incidence of 1 to 3% of cases. We aimed in this autopsy study to analyze the anatomical, epidemiological, cardiac, and coronary profiles of cardiac rupture in the Monastir region. METHODS: We conducted a descriptive study with retrospective data collection of all cases of myocardial infarction complicated by a cardiac rupture over seventeen years (2004-2020). RESULTS: Thirty-one cases were included in this study. The mean age of the cases was 67 years with a male predominance. Sixteen cases (57%) had cardiovascular risk factors. The most common symptomatology reported before death was acute chest pain in 57% of cases. Fourteen cases (45%) corresponded to the definition of sudden cardiac death. At autopsy, the heart had a mean weight of 452.78 grams. A large hemopericardium was associated in 90% of cases. Myocardial rupture involved the posterior wall of the left ventricle in 50% of cases. The myocardial rupture occurred at a site of acute myocardial infarction in 86% of cases and on a myocardial scar in 14% of cases. The coronary study showed double or triple vessel atherosclerotic coronary artery disease in 57% of cases with fresh thrombi at the infarct-related coronary in 11% of cases. CONCLUSIONS: Our analysis found that cardiac rupture mostly involved elderly subjects with underlying cardiovascular risk factors. Our findings sustain that age is a determining prognostic factor after acute coronary syndrome with the need for further education and awareness-raising efforts to speed up access to care for these patients.

A missed psoas abscess diagnosis: A forensic case report.

Psoas abscess is a rare pathology that usually presents with non-specific signs and rare clinical features. These characteristics can delay the diagnosis leading to complications and death. We report a forensic autopsy case of a 65-year-old male, alcoholic, smoker, with a history of hypertension, and urinary infection, who presented to the emergency room for anorexia and consciousness disorder. On physical examination, the patient was febrile and confused. Laboratory exams revealed leukocytosis and elevated C-reactive protein (CRP). Two days later, he died despite extensive resuscitation. Forensic autopsy revealed a large amount of green pus in the left psoas muscle extending to the muscles of the thigh of the same side with multiple cavities. The pus extended to the left kidney with destructive parenchyma and coralliform lithiasis. Histological examination showed destroyed renal tissue by lesions of chronic and acute pyelonephritis with dilatation of the pyelocaliceal cavities. Bacteriological analysis of the pus showed the presence of Escherichia coli. The psoas abscess was secondary to pyonephrosis favored by the immunodeficiency. Thus, death was attributed to a septic shock secondary to a psoas abscess complicating pyonephrosis.

Sudden death in the young adult: a Tunisian autopsy-based series.

BACKGROUND: We aim to study the profile, and pathological characteristics of sudden death in young in purpose of recommendations for prevention. METHODS: We performed a retrospective cohort study using autopsy data from the Department of Forensic Medicine of Monastir (Tunisia). A review of all autopsies performed for 28 years was done (August 1990 to December 2018). In each case, clinical information, and circumstances of death were obtained. A complete forensic autopsy and histological, and toxicological investigations were performed. We have included all sudden death in persons aged between 18 and 35 years. RESULTS: We collected 137 cases of sudden death during the studied period. The mean age of the studied population was 26.47 years. Almost 72% deaths were classified as cardiac death, and was due to ischemic heart disease in 32.32%. Sudden death was attributed to a pleuropulmonary cause in 7.4%, an abdominal cause in 6%, and from a neurological origin in 4.5%. The cause of sudden death in this group was not established by 9.5%. CONCLUSION: In this series, sudden death in young adults occurs mainly in a smoking male, aged between 18 and 24 years old, occurring at rest, in the morning, and early in the week. It is more common, especially in summer. Sudden death is most often the first manifestation of pathologies, especially unsuspected heart diseases. The predominance of cardiovascular causes is the common denominator of almost all studies reported in the literature. Our findings suggest that prevention of sudden death among young adults under the age of 35 years should also focus on evaluation for causes not associated with structural heart disease.

Sudden Death Due to a Cerebellopontine Angle Epidermoid Cyst: Case Report.

Epidermoid cyst of the brain is a rare benign embryonal tumor. It has an excellent prognosis because of its slow-growing nature. Clinically, symptoms are variable and depend on the location of the cyst. Sudden death may occur as a result of lethal complications because of the tumor growth, but it is still rare. In this article, we present a rare case of sudden unexpected death of a 58-year-old man, with no neurologic history, due to an epidermoid cyst of the brain diagnosed at autopsy.

Sudden death due to left ventricular thrombosis: A report of two autopsy cases.

PURPOSE: In this paper, we report two rare cases of sudden death due to giant left ventricular thrombus revealed at autopsy and we discuss the manner and the cause of death. RESULTS: Cases presentation: The two cases reported are about two men aged 55 and 53 years respectively. In the two cases, no past cardiac history was found. Prior to the onset of complications and subsequent death, both patients presented to the emergency department with progressing asthenia, faintness and shortness of breath, were treated symptomatically. At autopsy, atherosclerosis of coronary arteries was found. In the first case, death was attributed to thrombosis of the pseudoaneurysm. In the second case, it was due to thrombosis complicating a myocardial infarction. The mechanism of death in the first case was explained by the hemodynamic shock caused by a total left ventricular pseudoaneurysm thrombosis secondary to old myocardial infraction. In the second case, death was the consequence of a cardiogenic shock secondary to thrombosis of the cardiac pseudoaneurysm complicating a myocardial infraction. CONCLUSION: Complications of myocardial infarction represent frequent causes of adult sudden death. Left ventricular thrombosis is a complication that is often fatal and its discovery during an autopsy remains rare. The first-line doctor must take these types of complications into consideration in order to detect them and thus ensure timely management.

Sudden death and hydatid cyst: A medicolegal study.

The discovery of a hydatid cyst at autopsy poses the problem of its involvement in the mechanism of death. The aim of this study is to analyse the epidemiological and etiopathogenic characteristics of death attributed to hydatid disease, to discuss the mechanism of death and to propose preventive measures. This is a retrospective descriptive study of 26 cases of death with hydatid cyst autopsic discovered, collected at the forensic department of Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital of Monastir (Tunisia) over a period of 27 years (from 1990 until 2017). In 26 cases, hydatid cyst was observed during autopsy of sudden death cases, which corresponds to 0.33% of the total of autopsies in this period. Of the 26 victims, 13 (50%) were men; the mean age was 43 years. Most victims were from rural zones (18 cases). In 20 cases, the complicated cyst was hepatic. It was cardiac in two cases. Of all cases, three cysts were cracked, and nine were broken. Of the 26 cases, only 15 were implicated in the death mechanism. Death was attributed to anaphylaxis in 12 cases, hydatid pulmonary embolism in 1 case, cardiac arythmia in one case and hemothorax in one case. Sudden death is the most dangerous complication of the hydatid cyst which can be discovered at autopsy. Several causes may explain its occurrence, the most common of which is anaphylactic shock.

Age assessment in canine and premolar by cervical axial sections of cone-beam computed tomography.

Age estimation in adults is a challenge in both anthropological and forensic situations compared to sub-adults age estimation. The present study explored, for the first time, the cervical zone of single rooted teeth. The deposition of secondary dentin is responsible for a decrease in the volume of the dental pulp cavity with aging, and therefore is often used as an age indicator. The current study aimed at estimating the chronological age among adults by measuring the pulp/dentin area ratio (physiological ratio) by axial sections at cervical region of maxillary canine and mandibular second premolar. The sample consisted of 120 cone beam CT images of 120 Tunisians whose age ranged from 22 to 67, from the database of a private clinic of radiology. The first axial section of chosen teeth without enamel was selected. Linear regression models were derived for canine, premolar and for all variables to predict the age. They indicated that dentin deposition on canine and premolar have almost the same correlation with age (r=-0.838 and -0.837 respectively). The residual standard errors (RSE), when these regression equations applied for the entire sample, were ranged between 8.27, 8.29 and 7.06 for canine, premolar and for all variables respectively. Tested for younger ages (from 22 to 44years) the RSE decreased considerably and thus ranged between 4.32, 4.72 and 4.05. The outcomes of this study show that the physiological ratio is a useful variable for assessing age with a satisfying accuracy.