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INTRODUCTION: The association disclosed between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and ischemic stroke (IS) raises concern. The exact risk periods, which were not consistent between studies, require further investigation. METHODS: We linked two national databases: the COVID-19 database and the Israeli National Stroke Registry. The self-controlled case series method was used to estimate the association between COVID-19 infection and a first IS. The study population included all Israeli residents who had both a first IS event and a first COVID-19 diagnosis during 2020. The date of the PCR test served to define the day of exposure, and the 28 days following it were categorized into three risk periods: days 1-7, 8-14, and 15-28. A relative incidence (RI) with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was calculated based on the incidence rate of events in a post-exposure period, compared to the incidence rate in a control period. RESULTS: From January 1, 2020, to December 31, 2020, 308,015 Israelis aged 18+ were diagnosed with COVID-19 and 9,535 were diagnosed with a first IS. Linking the two databases, 555 persons had both diagnoses during 2020. The mean age of the study population was 71.5 ± 13.7, 55.1% were males, 77.8% had hypertension, 73.7% had hyperlipidemia, 51.9% had diabetes, and 28.5% had ischemic heart disease. Comparing the risk period and the control period, we found a very similar distribution of the cardiovascular risk factors. The risk for an acute IS was 3.3-fold higher in the first week following COVID-19 diagnosis, compared with a control period (RI = 3.3; 95% CI: 2.3-4.6). The RI among males (RI = 4.5; 95% CI: 2.9-6.8) was 2.2-fold higher compared to females. The increased risk did not last beyond the first week following exposure. CONCLUSION: Physicians should be aware of the elevated risk for IS among patients experiencing COVID-19, particularly among men with high burden of cardiovascular risk factors.
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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between family, teachers and peer support patterns on gaps in adolescent's weight perceptions. DESIGN: A cross-sectional, school-based survey collected information on weight and height, weight perception, socio-economic and family characteristics and social support. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to capture social support patterns (SSP). Multivariable logistic regression was used to model adolescent weight perception, including SSP adjusted for demographic variables. SETTING: The 2014 Israeli Health Behaviours in School-Aged Children (HBSC) survey. PARTICIPANTS: Adolescents aged 11-18 years (n 7563). RESULTS: In total, 16·1 % of the boys and 10·7 % of the girls were overweight or obese. Most participants perceived their size accurately. Body size was underestimated by 25·6 % of the boys and 15·1 % of the girls, while 15·2 % of the boys and 27·7 % of the girls overestimated their body size. PCA generated three SSP accounting for 81·9 % of the variance in social support. Female sex and higher SES increased odds of overestimating body size. Students in the top quartile (Q4 v. Q1-Q3) of family support and teacher support were less likely to overestimate their body size. Good parental communication reduced the odds of body size overestimation in middle school students. Male sex and higher family support increased odds of underestimation. CONCLUSIONS: Significant support from parents and teachers was associated with accurate weight perceptions; thus, support skills may be amenable to intervention. Efforts should be made to educate adolescents on healthy weight.
