Valorization of pineapple processing residues through acetification to produce specialty vinegars enriched with red-Jambo extract of Syzygium malaccense leaf.

The present study proposes the production of vinegars from pineapple processing residues as an eco-friendly strategy for adding value and economic strengthening of the production chain. Pineapple pulp and peel wines were produced and acetificated to vinegar by wild strains of acetic bacteria using Orlean's method (traditional system) followed by enrichment with leaf extract of Red-Jambo, Syzygium malaccense. Appreciable phenolic contents and antioxidant potential were found in pulp and peel vinegars with the added leaf extract. Catechin, epicatechin and caffeic, p-coumaric, ferulic, and gallic acids were the main phenolic compounds found in peel vinegar. The enrichment of the vinegar with the extract promoted an increase in the content of polyphenols (443.6-337.3 mg GAE/L) and antioxidant activity. Peel wines presented higher luminosity (L*) and higher saturation index (C*), and their color tended more toward yellow than pulp wines. Acetification reduced the saturation index (C*) and led to the intensification of the hue angle in the peels vinegar. Each type of pineapple vinegar produced showed biocidal activity against different bacteria and yeast, and the addition of leaf extract potentiated the antimicrobial activity of peel vinegar, especially against Staphalococcus aureus. The vinegars developed could find an attractive market niche in the food sector.

Epidemiologia do araneísmo por Loxosceles e Phoneutria no município de Cruzeiro do Iguaçu ­ Paraná ­ Brasil / Epidemiology of araneism by Loxoceles and Phoneutria in the municipality of Cruzeiro of Iguaçu ­ Paraná ­ Brazil

Introdução: as aranhas são artrópodes encontrados com elevada frequência em diferentes ambientes, favorecendo a ocorrência de acidentes em áreas urbanas e rurais, em diferentes níveis de gravidade, sendo os acidentes mais frequentes provocados por aranhas do gênero Loxosceles e Phoneutria. No entanto, apesar dos riscos associados, pouco se sabe a respeito do araneísmo no interior do Paraná. Objetivo: o presente trabalho teve por objetivo analisar os dados epidemiológicos dos casos de araneísmo notificados nos anos de 2014 e 2015 no município de Cruzeiro do Iguaçu-Paraná. Metodologia: os dados foram obtidos através do levantamento junto a Secretaria de Saúde do município pelo Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação. Resultados: foram notificados 23 acidentes com aranhas entre os anos de 2014 e 2015, sendo 10 acidentes relacionados ao gênero Loxosceles, 6 ao gênero Phoneutria, 5 acidentes com outras espécies não identificadas e outros 2 acidentes com agente causador ignorado. Conclusão: no município, os acidentes com Phoneutria e Loxosceles ocorrem o ano todo, contudo, há maior incidência de loxocelismo no mês de março. Dentre os casos notificados neste artigo, as vítimas acometidas por Loxosceles foram, em sua maioria, pessoas do sexo masculino, enquanto as vítimas de Phoneutria foram de ambos os sexos, preferencialmente indivíduos adultos com faixa etária entre 20 e 39 anos, para ambos os artrópodes relacionados. Ocorreu maior demora na busca por atendimento médico nos casos de acidentes com aranhas do gênero Loxosceles.

Introduction: spiders are arthropods found with high frequency in different environments, favoring the occurrence of accidents in urban and rural areas, at different severity levels, with the most frequent accidents being caused by spiders of the genus Loxosceles and Phoneutria. However, despite the associated risks, little is known about the araneísmo in the interior of Paraná. Objective: the present aimed to analyze the epidemiological data of the cases of araneism reported in the years of 2014 and 2015 in the city of Cruzeiro do Iguaçu-Paraná. Methodology: the data were obtained through a survey with Health Department of the municipality by the Aggravation Information System of Notification. Result: twenty three spider accidents were reported between 2014 and 2015, with 10 accidents related to the genus Loxosceles, 6 to the Phoneutria genus, 5 accidents with other unidentified species, and 2 other accidents with unknown causal agent. Conclusion: in the municipality, accidents with Phoneutria and Loxosceles occur all the year, however, there is a higher incidence of loxocellism in march. Among the reported cases in this article, the victims affected by Loxosceles were most males, while the victims of Phoneutria were of both sexes, preferably adult individuals with ages between 20 and 39 years, for both related arthropods. There was more delay in the search for medical care in cases of spider accidents of the genus Loxosceles.