Toward an interdisciplinary approach to assess the adverse health effects of dust-containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and metal(loid)s on preschool children.

Settled dust can function as a pollutant sink for compounds, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and metal(loid)s (MMs), which may lead to health issues. Thus, dust represents a hazard specifically for young children, because of their vulnerability and hand-to-mouth behavior favoring dust ingestion. The aim of the present study was to explore the influence of the season and the microenvironment on the concentrations of 15 PAHs and 17 MMs in indoor and outdoor settled dust in three preschools (suburban, urban, and industrial). Second, the potential sources and health risks among children associated with dust PAHs and MMs were assessed. Third, domestic factors (risk perception, knowledge and parental style) were described to explore protective parental behaviors toward dust hazards. The suburban preschool had the lowest concentrations of dust PAHs and MMs, while the industrial and urban preschools had higher but similar concentrations. Seasonal tendencies were not clearly observed. Indoor dusts reflected the outdoor environment, even if specific indoor sources were noted. Source analysis indicated mainly vehicular emissions, material release, and pyrogenic or industrial sources. The non-cancer health risks were non-existent, but potential cancer health risks (between 1.10-6 and 1.10-4) occurred at all sampling locations. Notably, the highest cancer risk was observed in a playground area (>1.10-4) and material release should be further addressed. Whereas we assessed higher risk indoors, parents perceived a higher risk in the open-air environment and at the preschool than at home. They also perceived a lower risk for their own children, revealing an optimism bias, which reduces parental anxiety.

Emotional reactions to climate change: a comparison across France, Germany, Norway, and the United Kingdom.

We present a study of emotional reactions to climate change utilizing representative samples from France, Germany, Norway, and the United Kingdom (UK). Drawing on appraisal theories of emotion, we examine relations between appraisals, emotions, and behavioral intentions in the context of climate change. We compare the four countries concerning emotional differences and commonalities and relate our findings to pertinent models of cultural values. Five distinct emotions were measured: worry, hope, fear, outrage, and guilt. In addition, the survey asked respondents to appraise a set of climate-related statements, such as the causality of climate change, or the efficacy of mitigation efforts. Also, a set of climate-relevant actions, such as willingness to reduce energy consumption or support for climate policies, was assessed. Findings show that appraisals of human causation and moral concern were associated with worry and outrage, and appraisals of efficacy and technological solutions were associated with hope. Worry and outrage are associated with intentions to reduce one's energy consumption, whereas hope and guilt are related to support for policies such as tax and price increases. A country comparison shows that French respondents score high on outrage and worry and tend to engage in individual behaviors to mitigate climate change, whereas Norwegian respondents score high on hope and show a tendency to support policies of cost increase. Generally, worry is the most and guilt the least intense emotion. Moral concerns and perceived collective efficacy of one's country in addressing climate change are relatively strong in France, while beliefs in human causation and in negative impacts of climate change prevail in Germany, and confidence in technological solutions are prevalent in Norway. In sum, findings reveal typical patterns of emotional responses in the four countries and confirm systematic associations between emotions and appraisals as well as between emotions and behaviors. Relating these findings to models of cultural values reveals that Norway, endorsing secular and egalitarian values, is characterized by hope and confidence in technological solutions, whereas France and Germany, emphasizing relatively more hierarchical and traditional values, are rather characterized by fear, outrage, and support for behavioral restrictions imposed by climate change policies.

Development and validation of a risk score for predicting positivity of blood cultures and mortality in patients with bacteremia and fungemia.

INTRODUCTION: Bacteremia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients. Predictors of mortality are critical for the management and survival of hospitalized patients. The objective of this study was to determine the factors related to blood culture positivity and the risk factors for mortality in patients whose blood cultures were collected. METHODS: A prospective 2-cohort study (derivation with 784 patients and validation with 380 patients) based on the Pitt bacteremia score for all patients undergoing blood culture collection. The score was obtained from multivariate analysis. The Kaplan-Meier survival curve of the cohort derivation and the cohort validation groups was calculated, and the difference was assessed using a log-rank test. Mortality-related factors were older age, extended hospitalization, > 10% of immature cells in the leukogram, lower mean blood pressure, elevated heart rate, elevated WBC count, and elevated respiratory rate. These continuous variables were dichotomized according to their significance level, and a cut-off limit was created. RESULTS: The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.789. The score was validated in a group of 380 patients who were prospectively evaluated. CONCLUSION: Prolonged hospitalization, body temperature, and elevated heart rate were related to positive blood cultures. The Pitt score can be used to assess the risk of death; however it can be individualized according to the epidemiology of each hospital.

Confianza en la gestión pública del riesgo y dinámica social en caso de inundación / Trust in Public Risk Management and Social Dynamics in the Case of Flood Risk

Resumen El cambio climático está forzando a los expertos en inundaciones costeras a involucrar a los residentes en la prevención de riesgos, en particular, a través de comunicaciones oficiales que incluyen recomendaciones de comportamiento. Este estudio tiene como objetivo comprender la integración que hacen los residentes de esta información oficial en relación con el riesgo de inundación. Se realiza un estudio cualitativo sobre el postulado teórico que considera que la dinámica social que se crea entre los gestores de riesgos y los residentes ayuda a explicar la relación con el riesgo de inundación. Estas dinámicas se analizan a través del tipo de confianza que los residentes depositan en los actores públicos de la gestión y el nivel de conocimiento que afirman tener. Se realizaron 20 entrevistas semiestructuradas con residentes de una ciudad costera expuesta al riesgo de inundaciones, reclutados mediante el método de bola de nieve hasta el punto de saturación. Los resultados sugieren que los residentes que sienten tener poco conocimiento confieren confianza social a los gestores de riesgos y una visión positiva de las comunicaciones sobre este riesgo; mientras que los que sienten tener mucho conocimiento sobre las inundaciones apoyan una confianza calculadora sobre los aspectos técnicos de la gestión y una visión negativa de las comunicaciones. Estos tipos de confianza reflejan una relación con el riesgo de inundación anclado en el espacio social donde los grupos toman posición en la dinámica social. En este sentido, para ser eficaz, la comunicación preventiva debería tener en cuenta no solo el contenido real del mensaje sino también los mecanismos sociales que apoyan su interpretación, en particular la confianza entre el mensajero y el destinatario.

Abstract Climate change forces coastal communities exposed to floods to involve residents more actively in risk prevention, notably through official communication including behavioral recommendations. In order to improve prevention impact, this study aims to understand how inhabitants deal with this official information and integrate it into their relation to flood risk. This qualitative study is based on the theoretical postulate that the social dynamics nested in the relations between risk managers and inhabitants contributing to explain inhabitants' relationship to flood risk. These social dynamics are analysed through the type of trust granted by inhabitants to risk managers and the level of knowledge inhabitants state to have. 20 semi-structured interviews were conducted with inhabitants of a coastal city subject to flood hazards, recruited through snowballing method until saturation point. Results suggest that inhabitants who feel that they have little knowledge are prone to display social trust toward risk managers and a positive vision of communications provided on this risk, while those who are aware about floods, endorse a calculating trust based on the technical aspects of management, and eventually a form of distrust about communications delivered by public actors. These types of trust reflect a relation to flood risk embedded in the social space where individuals and groups take positions in social dynamics. In this sense and to be successful, preventive communication should consider not only the actual content of the message but also the social mechanisms that support its interpretation, in particular the trust between the messenger and the receiver.

Scientific truth or debate: On the link between perceived scientific consensus and belief in anthropogenic climate change.

Scientists overwhelmingly agree that climate change exists and is caused by human activity. It has been argued that communicating the consensus can counter climate scepticism, given that perceived scientific consensus is a major factor predicting public belief that climate change is anthropogenic. However, individuals may hold different models of science, potentially affecting their interpretation of scientific consensus. Using representative surveys in the United Kingdom, France, Germany and Norway, we assessed whether the relationship between perceived scientific consensus and belief in anthropogenic climate change is conditioned by a person's viewing science as 'the search for truth' or as 'debate'. Results show that perceived scientific consensus is higher among climate change believers and moreover, significantly predicts belief in anthropogenic climate change. This relationship is stronger among people holding a model of science as the 'search for truth'. These results help to disentangle the effect of implicit epistemological assumptions underlying the public understanding of the climate change debate.

Encerramento plástico como alternativa a cirurgia no tratamento da gastrosquise: relato de um caso / Plastic closure as an alterative to surgical approach on gastrochisis therapy: a case report

Introdução: Gastrosquise é um defeito congênito da parede abdominal anterior, com herniação de órgãos abdominais. As técnicas terapêuticas existentes são: encerramento primário, estadiado, pressão negativa e mais atualmente o encerramento plástico (EP). Sendo assim, o objetivo desse estudo é relatar a primeira aplicação do EP de uma gastrosquise no Hospital Universitário Evangélico de Curitiba. Relato de caso:Recém nato de 36 semanas, gastrosquise diagnosticada no segundo trimestre gestacional por ultrassonografia e submetido ao EP. Apresentava-se estável clinicamente, em ventilação mecânica com bom padrão respiratório extubado no oitavo dia, alimentação enteral com 15 dias e alta hospitalar em 32 dias. Discussão:O EP é uma alternativa ao encerramento primário, evitando-se a intervenção cirúrgica; tem como vantagens permanência do umbigo centralizado, sem cicatriz linear, diminuição do número de dias de ventilação mecânica e alimentação entérica. Conclusão: o EP apresenta-se como excelente opção ao tratamento cirúrgico convencional, representando uma técnica mais rápida e prática

Introduction: Gastroschisis is a congenital defect from the anterior abdominal wall, associated to abdominal organ herniation. The existent therapeutical techniques are: primary repair, constant negative pressure and, most recent, plasticclosure (PC). Thus, the objectiveof this study is to report the first use of primary repair for gastrochisis in our hospital. Case report: newborn, 36 weeks, diagnosed gastroschisison the second trimester of pregnancy on ultrasound and submitted to PC. After procedure, presented clinically stable, on mechanical ventilation and normal respiratory pattern. Enteral fed in 15 days and discharged in 32 days. Discussion: PC is an alternative to the primary repair, avoiding the surgical intervention and has the advantages of umbilical centralization, no linear scar, reduced time in mechanical ventilation and precoce enteral feeding. Conclusion: PC is a fast and practical technique, representing a great alternative to the conventional surgical approach

Pro-environmental beliefs and behaviors: two levels of response to environmental social norms / Creencias y comportamientos proambientales: dos niveles de respuesta a las normas sociales ambientales

Abstract One of the ways to tackle the current environmental crisis is by trying to change beliefs and behaviors through the issuance of new laws. But laws and formal norms only become effective once they are also informally valued. This paper aims at determining whether law-regulated pro-environmental beliefs and behaviors (a) have acquired social value in Brazil, as they have in Europe and (b) pertain to two different construal levels, which could help explain the persistent belief-behavior gap in the environmental field. These two objectives are addressed in two studies using self-presentation and hetero-judgment paradigms. Results confirm the proposed hypotheses and are discussed in terms of social change for sustainability.

Resumen La actual crisis ambiental puede ser atenuada a través del establecimiento de leyes formales que alteren creencias y comportamientos ambientales. Se tiene como objetivo en este artículo identificar si creencias y comportamientos regulados por ley (a) han adquirido valor social positivo tanto en Brasil como en Europa y (b) pertenecen a diferentes niveles de abstracción, el que podría explicar el persistente gap entre creencias y comportamientos ambientales. Estos objetivos son respondidos a través de dos estudios con los paradigmas de la auto-presentación y del hetero-juzgamiento. Los resultados confirman las hipótesis propuestas y son discutidos en términos de cambios sociales para la sostenibilidad.

Représentations sociales du changement climatique: effets de contexte et d'implication / Climate change social representations: context and implication effects

Selon les spécialistes, les activités humaines donneraient lieu aux émissions de carbone à l'origine du changement climatique, de sorte que l'atténuation du phénomène passe par un changement comportemental de notre société vis-à-vis de l'environnement. L'augmentation de l'implication individuelle avec le changement climatique est ainsi centrale, vu l'importance secondaire attribuée au phénomène par rapport à d'autres enjeux d'actualité. L'objectif de cette étude était d'observer l'impact des contextes d'énonciation du changement climatique (étudiant ou officiel) et de l'implication 'induite'chez le sujet (faible ou forte) sur l'implication 'ressentie' et sur la structure de la représentation de cet objet. Résultats: la représentation est structurée autour des éléments 'réchauffement', 'fonte des glaciers' et 'augmentation du niveau de la mer'. Le contexte affecte l'organisation des rapports entre les éléments: dans le contexte officiel, les éléments 'pollution' et 'résultat de l'action humaine' gagnent de l'importance. Cette réorganisation de la structure est potentialisée par l'augmentation de l'implication 'induite'. Aucun effet n'a été trouvé sur l'implication 'ressentie'. Conclusion: le changement d'encadrement de la représentation, pouvant être accentué par l'implication, affecterait probablement l'engagement collectif et, par conséquent, les actions aux niveaux individuel et social pour la diminution du changement climatique.(AU)

Being carbon emitting human activities at the origin of climate change, in order to attenuate this phenomenon our society would have change its behavior in what regards the environment. Another central issue is the individual implication with climate change, which is currently secondary in relation to other current issues. The aim of this study is to observe the impact of climate change enunciation context (an academic or an official one), and of the implication 'induced' upon the participant (strong or weak) on the 'felt' implication as well as on the structure the representation of this object. Results: the representation is structured around the elements 'heating', 'ice sheet melting' and 'sea level rise'. The object enunciation context affects the organization of the connections between elements: in the official context, the elements 'pollution' and 'human action result' are more important. This structure reorganization is heightened by the 'induced' implication. Effects on the 'felt' implication were not found. Conclusion: a modification on the frame of the representation, what is possibly made stronger by a higher implication, would probably affect the collective engagement and, consequently, the actions at both the individual and social levels to diminish, among other environmentally important issues, climate change.(AU)

Representações sociais da AIDS e alteridade / Social representations of AIDS and altruism

O presente estudo investigou as representações sociais da AIDS de adolescentes assim como suas estimações sobre as representações dos outros adolescentes. Os dados foram coletados a partir de duas questões abertas: 1) “O que você pensa sobre a AIDS?” e 2) “O que você acha que os jovens da sua idade pensam sobre a AIDS?”, analisadas pelo programa ALCESTE. Participaram do estudo 261 estudantes do ensino médio, sendo 50,6 por cento do sexo feminino. Os resultados indicam uma representação da AIDS como um problema social, biomédico e relacionado à intimidade. A representação do que os outros jovens pensam sobre a AIDS também enfoca o aspecto biomédico, mas se diferencia ao relacionar a contaminação pelo HIV à falta de preocupação com a prevenção e à irresponsabilidade. Conclui-se que os adolescentes projetam nos outros de seu grupo elementos negativos que envolvem questões ligadas à próprias emoções e percepção de risco frente a doença.(AU)

The study aimed the investigation of the social representations of AIDS among adolescents, as well as their estimations of other adolescents’ representations. The data were gathered from two opened questions: 1) “What do you think of AIDS?” and 2) “What do you think youngsters your age think of AIDS?”, analyzed by the software ALCESTE. 261 high school students took part in the study, from whom 50.6 percent were females. The results pointed that AIDS is represented as a social and biomedical problem concerning the intimacy. The representation of what do the other youngsters make of AIDS also emphasized the biomedical aspect, distinguished by the relationship established between contamination by the HIV and the lack of preoccupation with prevention and the youth irresponsibility. It was concluded that adolescents tend to project over the others of their group negative elements involving issues concerning their own emotions and risk perceptions of the disease.(AU)

Representações sociais da AIDS e alteridade / Social representations of AIDS and altruism

O presente estudo investigou as representações sociais da AIDS de adolescentes assim como suas estimações sobre as representações dos outros adolescentes. Os dados foram coletados a partir de duas questões abertas: 1) “O que você pensa sobre a AIDS?” e 2) “O que você acha que os jovens da sua idade pensam sobre a AIDS?”, analisadas pelo programa ALCESTE. Participaram do estudo 261 estudantes do ensino médio, sendo 50,6 por cento do sexo feminino. Os resultados indicam uma representação da AIDS como um problema social, biomédico e relacionado à intimidade. A representação do que os outros jovens pensam sobre a AIDS também enfoca o aspecto biomédico, mas se diferencia ao relacionar a contaminação pelo HIV à falta de preocupação com a prevenção e à irresponsabilidade. Conclui-se que os adolescentes projetam nos outros de seu grupo elementos negativos que envolvem questões ligadas à próprias emoções e percepção de risco frente a doença

The study aimed the investigation of the social representations of AIDS among adolescents, as well as their estimations of other adolescents’ representations. The data were gathered from two opened questions: 1) “What do you think of AIDS?” and 2) “What do you think youngsters your age think of AIDS?”, analyzed by the software ALCESTE. 261 high school students took part in the study, from whom 50.6 percent were females. The results pointed that AIDS is represented as a social and biomedical problem concerning the intimacy. The representation of what do the other youngsters make of AIDS also emphasized the biomedical aspect, distinguished by the relationship established between contamination by the HIV and the lack of preoccupation with prevention and the youth irresponsibility. It was concluded that adolescents tend to project over the others of their group negative elements involving issues concerning their own emotions and risk perceptions of the disease

Percepção da imagem corporal e representações sociais do corpo / Body image perception and body's social representations

O aumento do número de pessoas com transtornos ligados à imagem corporal destacou o assunto nos âmbitos científico e midiático. Neste sentido, objetivou-se investigar a relação entre representações sociais e imagem corporal entre estudantes de diferentes cursos universitários. Participaram 278 acadêmicas dos cursos de Psicologia, Educação Física e Moda. Aplicou-se um questionário para investigar a imagem e satisfação corporal, além das representações sociais do corpo. Os resultados sugerem que apesar de apresentarem uma auto-percepção corporal normal, as estudantes estão em geral insatisfeitas com sua aparência. As representações sociais apresentaram três contextos: (1) importância da aparência e da expressão do corpo nas relações pessoais; (2) beleza e saúde corporal ligadas à magreza e à prática de exercícios físicos; e (3) aparência enquanto indicadora de potencialidades nos campos pessoal e profissional. Concluiu-se que há uma incompatibilidade entre as representações sociais e a vivência subjetiva em termos de imagem corporal.(AU)

The increasement of people with body image disorders highlighted the issue both in science and in the media. This study's goal was to search the relation between social representations and body image among female university students from different courses. The participants were 278 students from the Psychology, Physical Education and Fashion courses. The applied questionnaire intended to investigate body's satisfaction and also social representations. The results suggest a general student's dissatisfaction with their body image, even though they perceive their body as normal. The representations of the body presented three contexts: (1) the importance of the body's look and expression in interpersonal relations; (2) beauty and health related to thinness and physical activity; (3) appearance indicating potentialities in both personal and professional fields. It was concluded that the students' social representations of the body seem to be incompatible with their body image.(AU)

Percepção da imagem corporal e representações sociais do corpo / Body image perception and body's social representations

O aumento do número de pessoas com transtornos ligados à imagem corporal destacou o assunto nos âmbitos científico e midiático. Neste sentido, objetivou-se investigar a relação entre representações sociais e imagem corporal entre estudantes de diferentes cursos universitários. Participaram 278 acadêmicas dos cursos de Psicologia, Educação Física e Moda. Aplicou-se um questionário para investigar a imagem e satisfação corporal, além das representações sociais do corpo. Os resultados sugerem que apesar de apresentarem uma auto-percepção corporal normal, as estudantes estão em geral insatisfeitas com sua aparência. As representações sociais apresentaram três contextos: (1) importância da aparência e da expressão do corpo nas relações pessoais; (2) beleza e saúde corporal ligadas à magreza e à prática de exercícios físicos; e (3) aparência enquanto indicadora de potencialidades nos campos pessoal e profissional. Concluiu-se que há uma incompatibilidade entre as representações sociais e a vivência subjetiva em termos de imagem corporal.

The increasement of people with body image disorders highlighted the issue both in science and in the media. This study's goal was to search the relation between social representations and body image among female university students from different courses. The participants were 278 students from the Psychology, Physical Education and Fashion courses. The applied questionnaire intended to investigate body's satisfaction and also social representations. The results suggest a general student's dissatisfaction with their body image, even though they perceive their body as normal. The representations of the body presented three contexts: (1) the importance of the body's look and expression in interpersonal relations; (2) beauty and health related to thinness and physical activity; (3) appearance indicating potentialities in both personal and professional fields. It was concluded that the students' social representations of the body seem to be incompatible with their body image.

Representação social do corpo na mídia impressa / Social representation of the body in press media

O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar as representações sociais do corpo veiculadas pela mídia impressa em revistas de circulação nacional. Trata-se de uma pesquisa documental de caráter exploratório-descritiva, na qual foram contemplados todos os números das revistas Boa Forma, Estilo e Saúde entre 2005 e 2006, totalizando 88 artigos. As seções das revistas foram distribuídas em dois corpus que compunham temáticas sobre o corpo comuns entre as revistas: beleza e saúde. A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio de uma Classificação Hierárquica Descendente, com auxílio do programa ALCESTE. Os resultados indicam que as representações sociais do corpo nessas revistas contemplam dois principais aspectos: o primeiro, prático, contempla aspectos eminentemente físicos, relativos à estética e à saúde corporal; e o segundo, de caráter mais subjetivo, representa o corpo como uma unidade físico-psíquica, que prioriza o equilíbrio e o bem-estar para se alcançar uma vida mais saudável.(AU)

This study aims at investigating the social representations of the body in three Brazilian magazines. It is a document-based research, comprising the magazines Boa Forma, Estilo and Saúde, published between 2005 and 2006, covering a total of 88 articles. The magazine sections were divided into two corpus, regarding the topics of beauty and health. The data analysis was carried out by means of a Descending Hierarchical Classification, using the ALCESTE program. The results show that the body, in these magazines, is either represented through aspects which are mainly physical, related to beauty and body health (more practical), or it is represented as a physical-psychical unit, which prioritizes well-being in order to promote a healthier life (more subjective).(AU)

Representação social do corpo na mídia impressa / Social representation of the body in press media

O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar as representações sociais do corpo veiculadas pela mídia impressa em revistas de circulação nacional. Trata-se de uma pesquisa documental de caráter exploratório-descritiva, na qual foram contemplados todos os números das revistas Boa Forma, Estilo e Saúde entre 2005 e 2006, totalizando 88 artigos. As seções das revistas foram distribuídas em dois corpus que compunham temáticas sobre o corpo comuns entre as revistas: beleza e saúde. A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio de uma Classificação Hierárquica Descendente, com auxílio do programa ALCESTE. Os resultados indicam que as representações sociais do corpo nessas revistas contemplam dois principais aspectos: o primeiro, prático, contempla aspectos eminentemente físicos, relativos à estética e à saúde corporal; e o segundo, de caráter mais subjetivo, representa o corpo como uma unidade físico-psíquica, que prioriza o equilíbrio e o bem-estar para se alcançar uma vida mais saudável.

This study aims at investigating the social representations of the body in three Brazilian magazines. It is a document-based research, comprising the magazines Boa Forma, Estilo and Saúde, published between 2005 and 2006, covering a total of 88 articles. The magazine sections were divided into two corpus, regarding the topics of beauty and health. The data analysis was carried out by means of a Descending Hierarchical Classification, using the ALCESTE program. The results show that the body, in these magazines, is either represented through aspects which are mainly physical, related to beauty and body health (more practical), or it is represented as a physical-psychical unit, which prioritizes well-being in order to promote a healthier life (more subjective).

A influência de vídeos documentários na divulgação científica de conhecimento sobre a Aids / The influence of documentary videos on the scientific diffusion of knowledge about Aids

O objetivo do estudo foi medir e comparar o impacto sobre o conhecimento científico dos alunos que visualizaram diferentes tipos de vídeo documentário sobre o HIV/Aids - um com abordagem mais científica e outro mais popularizada. Participaram 141 alunos do ensino médio de Florianópolis, divididos em 3 grupos: controle (sem a visualização de vídeo), grupo 1 (vídeo mais científico) e grupo 2 (vídeo mais popularizado). Antes e depois da apresentação dos vídeos foi aplicado o Teste de Conhecimento Científico sobre o HIV/Aids (TCCHA). Os resultados mostraram um aumento no escore médio no TCCHA do grupo 1, nenhuma mudança significativa no grupo 2 e diminuição no grupo controle. Concluiu-se que a forma científica implicou em maior aumento de conhecimento sobre o HIV/Aids.(AU)

The study aimed to measure and to compare the impact on scientific knowledge of students visualizing different kinds of documentary videos about HIV/Aids - one with a more scientific approach and another with a more popularized one. One hundred and forty one (141) high school students from the city of Florianópolis participated in the study. They were divided in 3 groups: control group (without visualization), group 1 (scientific video) and group 2 (popularized video). Before and after the showing the videos, the Scientific Knowledge Test about HIV/Aids was applied. The results showed an increment in the medium score of the mentioned test in group 1, no significant change in group 2 and a decrease in the control group. It was concluded that the scientific form of presentation resulted in an increase of knowledge concerning HIV/Aids.(AU)

A influência de vídeos documentários na divulgação científica de conhecimento sobre a Aids / The influence of documentary videos on the scientific diffusion of knowledge about Aids

O objetivo do estudo foi medir e comparar o impacto sobre o conhecimento científico dos alunos que visualizaram diferentes tipos de vídeo documentário sobre o HIV/Aids - um com abordagem mais científica e outro mais popularizada. Participaram 141 alunos do ensino médio de Florianópolis, divididos em 3 grupos: controle (sem a visualização de vídeo), grupo 1 (vídeo mais científico) e grupo 2 (vídeo mais popularizado). Antes e depois da apresentação dos vídeos foi aplicado o Teste de Conhecimento Científico sobre o HIV/Aids (TCCHA). Os resultados mostraram um aumento no escore médio no TCCHA do grupo 1, nenhuma mudança significativa no grupo 2 e diminuição no grupo controle. Concluiu-se que a forma científica implicou em maior aumento de conhecimento sobre o HIV/Aids.

The study aimed to measure and to compare the impact on scientific knowledge of students visualizing different kinds of documentary videos about HIV/Aids - one with a more scientific approach and another with a more popularized one. One hundred and forty one (141) high school students from the city of Florianópolis participated in the study. They were divided in 3 groups: control group (without visualization), group 1 (scientific video) and group 2 (popularized video). Before and after the showing the videos, the Scientific Knowledge Test about HIV/Aids was applied. The results showed an increment in the medium score of the mentioned test in group 1, no significant change in group 2 and a decrease in the control group. It was concluded that the scientific form of presentation resulted in an increase of knowledge concerning HIV/Aids.

Concepção pragmática e científica dos adolescentes sobre a AIDS / Concepciones pragmáticas y científicas de los adolescentes sobre el SIDA / Pragmatic and scientific conceptions of adolescents about AIDS

Os objetivos deste trabalho são diagnosticar a estrutura da representação social da aids de adolescentes, e examinar a relação desta representação com o conhecimento científico sobre a aids. Participaram 262 estudantes do ensino médio da rede pública de Florianópolis. Utilizou-se um questionário auto-aplicado, um teste de evocação livre e um teste de conhecimento científico sobre o HIV/Aids. Realizaram-se análises estruturais empregando os programas informáticos Evocation e Similitude 2000. Os dados evidenciaram que a representação da aids é composta pelos elementos centrais: doença, morte, medo, sofrimento e preconceito, elementos já constatados por estudos anteriores; acrescidos de dois novos elementos: prevenção e responsabilidade. Mais da metade dos alunos (55 por cento) não foi considerada cientificamente bem informada sobre o HIV/Aids. Pode-se verificar o poder da prevenção da aids, caracteristicamente pragmática, na mentalidade destes alunos, na medida em que eles enfatizam a dimensão afetiva da representação, em detrimento do conhecimento biomédico e científico da doença.(AU)

The goals of this study were to diagnose the structure of adolescents' social representation about aids and to examine the relationship of that representation with students' scientific knowledge about aids. A total of 262 students from a public high school in Florianópolis (Brazil) took part in the study. A self-applied questionnaire, and a scientific knowledge test about HIV/aids were used. Structural analyses employing the software Evocation and Similitude 2000 were carried on. Data revealed that the representation of aids is composed by the central elements: disease, death, fear, suffering and prejudice, which were also found in previous studies; joined by two new elements: prevention and responsibility. More than half of the students (55 percent) was not considered scientifically well informed about HIV/aids. Aids prevention power, characteristically pragmatic, can be verified in the mentality of students, insofar as they emphasize the representation's affective dimension, and less the biomedical and scientific knowledge about the disease.(AU)

Los objetivos de este trabajo son los de diagnosticar la estructura de la representación social del SIDA de adolescentes y de examinar la relación de esta representación con el conocimiento científico sobre el Sida. Participaron 262 estudiantes de secundaria de la red pública de Florianópolis (Brasil). Se utilizó un cuestionario autoaplicado, un test de evolución libre y un test de conocimiento científico sobre HIV/ SIDA. Se realizaron análisis estructurales empleando los programas informáticos Evolución y Similitud 2000. Los datos evidenciaron que la representación del SIDA está compuesta por los elementos centrales: enfermedad, muerte, miedo, sufrimiento y prejuicio, elementos ya encontrados por estudios anteriores; sumados a dos nuevos elementos: prevención y responsabilidad. Más allá de la mitad de los alumnos (el 55 por ciento) no fue considerada científicamente bien informada sobre el HIV/SIDA. Se puede verificar el poder de la prevención del SIDA, característicamente pragmática, en la mentalidad de estos alumnos, en la medida en que ellos enfatizan la dimensión afectiva de la representación en detrimento del conocimiento biomédico y científico de la enfermedad.(AU)

Concepção pragmática e científica dos adolescentes sobre a AIDS / Pragmatic and scientific conceptions of adolescents about AIDS

Os objetivos deste trabalho são diagnosticar a estrutura da representação social da aids de adolescentes, e examinar a relação desta representação com o conhecimento científico sobre a aids. Participaram 262 estudantes do ensino médio da rede pública de Florianópolis. Utilizou-se um questionário auto-aplicado, um teste de evocação livre e um teste de conhecimento científico sobre o HIV/Aids. Realizaram-se análises estruturais empregando os programas informáticos Evocation e Similitude 2000. Os dados evidenciaram que a representação da aids é composta pelos elementos centrais: doença, morte, medo, sofrimento e preconceito, elementos já constatados por estudos anteriores; acrescidos de dois novos elementos: prevenção e responsabilidade. Mais da metade dos alunos (55 por cento) não foi considerada cientificamente bem informada sobre o HIV/Aids. Pode-se verificar o poder da prevenção da aids, caracteristicamente pragmática, na mentalidade destes alunos, na medida em que eles enfatizam a dimensão afetiva da representação, em detrimento do conhecimento biomédico e científico da doença.

The goals of this study were to diagnose the structure of adolescents' social representation about aids and to examine the relationship of that representation with students' scientific knowledge about aids. A total of 262 students from a public high school in Florianópolis (Brazil) took part in the study. A self-applied questionnaire, and a scientific knowledge test about HIV/aids were used. Structural analyses employing the software Evocation and Similitude 2000 were carried on. Data revealed that the representation of aids is composed by the central elements: disease, death, fear, suffering and prejudice, which were also found in previous studies; joined by two new elements: prevention and responsibility. More than half of the students (55 percent) was not considered scientifically well informed about HIV/aids. Aids prevention power, characteristically pragmatic, can be verified in the mentality of students, insofar as they emphasize the representation's affective dimension, and less the biomedical and scientific knowledge about the disease.

Los objetivos de este trabajo son los de diagnosticar la estructura de la representación social del SIDA de adolescentes y de examinar la relación de esta representación con el conocimiento científico sobre el Sida. Participaron 262 estudiantes de secundaria de la red pública de Florianópolis (Brasil). Se utilizó un cuestionario autoaplicado, un test de evolución libre y un test de conocimiento científico sobre HIV/ SIDA. Se realizaron análisis estructurales empleando los programas informáticos Evolución y Similitud 2000. Los datos evidenciaron que la representación del SIDA está compuesta por los elementos centrales: enfermedad, muerte, miedo, sufrimiento y prejuicio, elementos ya encontrados por estudios anteriores; sumados a dos nuevos elementos: prevención y responsabilidad. Más allá de la mitad de los alumnos (el 55 por ciento) no fue considerada científicamente bien informada sobre el HIV/SIDA. Se puede verificar el poder de la prevención del SIDA, característicamente pragmática, en la mentalidad de estos alumnos, en la medida en que ellos enfatizan la dimensión afectiva de la representación en detrimento del conocimiento biomédico y científico de la enfermedad.

Comparação da vulnerabilidade de estudantes da escola pública e particular em relação ao HIV / HIV vulnerability comparison between public and private high school students

Os adolescentes fazem parte de uma população vulnerável à Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida, pois demandam emancipação, o que implica riscos. O presente estudo compara adolescentes de meios socioculturais distintos (escola pública - diurno e noturno - e privada) quanto ao conhecimento, comunicação, risco sobre a Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida e atitude quanto ao preservativo. Utilizou-se um survey com 1.386 estudantes de ensino médio. O ambiente dos alunos do noturno é mais similar ao do adulto. Apesar de eles apresentarem atitudes positivas em relação ao uso do preservativo, essas não foram tão positivas quanto aquelas dos alunos do diurno. Apresentaram também mais problemas de conhecimento que os do diurno, estando tais problemas associados a atitudes menos positivas diante do preservativo, menor intenção em usá-lo, menor uso efetivo, e maior medo de contrair o vírus. O comportamento de risco dos alunos do turno noturno, associado a fatores cognitivos e ambientais, indica sua maior vulnerabilidade perante o Vírus da Imunodeficiência Adquirida (AU)

Representação social do namoro: a intimidade na visão dos jovens / Commitment's social representation: the intimacy in the youth view

Os relacionamentos íntimos, dentre eles o namoro, pressupõem a existência de identidades e representações sociais, que são compartilhadas através de comportamentos, normas e valores sociais. Objetivou-se identificar a representação social e a particularização em função da identidade sexual e experiência com o namoro. Para tal, a amostra foi composta por 183 estudantes universitários, com média de idade de 22 anos. Foi utilizado um questionário auto-aplicado em situação coletiva. Na análise dos dados foram utilizados os programas informáticos Evoc 2000, Similitude 2000, ALCESTE e SPSS. Os elementos da representação foram organizados em torno da noção de amizade descrita em termos de cumplicidade, confiança e amor. As garotas evocaram elementos relacionados à confiança e afeto e os garotos ao sexo. As pessoas que namoravam no momento representavam o namoro como uma relação de amizade e aceitação e os que haviam namorado no passado ressaltavam a questão da fidelidade e do compromisso.