MedNeRF: Medical Neural Radiance Fields for Reconstructing 3D-aware CT-Projections from a Single X-ray.

Computed tomography (CT) is an effective med-ical imaging modality, widely used in the field of clinical medicine for the diagnosis of various pathologies. Advances in Multidetector CT imaging technology have enabled additional functionalities, including generation of thin slice multi planar cross-sectional body imaging and 3D reconstructions. However, this involves patients being exposed to a considerable dose of ionising radiation. Excessive ionising radiation can lead to deterministic and harmful effects on the body. This paper proposes a Deep Learning model that learns to reconstruct CT projections from a few or even a single-view X-ray. This is based on a novel architecture that builds from neural radiance fields, which learns a continuous representation of CT scans by disentangling the shape and volumetric depth of surface and internal anatomical structures from 2D images. Our model is trained on chest and knee datasets, and we demonstrate qual-itative and quantitative high-fidelity renderings and compare our approach to other recent radiance field-based methods. Our code and link to our datasets are available at https://qithub.com/abrilcf/mednerf Clinical relevance- Our model is able to infer the anatomical 3D structure from a few or a single-view X-ray showing future potential for reduced ionising radiation exposure during the imaging process.

A Rare Case of Emphysematous Osteomyelitis of Femur in an Intravenous Drug User.

Emphysematous osteomyelitis (EO) is a rare condition characterized by the appearance of gas locules within the bone on imaging, usually as a result of anaerobic bacterial infection. We present the case of a 46-year-old known intravenous (IV) drug user who was admitted to the emergency department with intractable pain in the right groin. He was febrile with elevated white cell count and C-reactive protein. He underwent an X-ray and CT of the pelvis which demonstrated intraosseous gas in the proximal right femur. A diagnosis of EO was made radiologically, allowing for prompt antibiotic treatment and a plan for surgical debridement. There are only a handful of published cases of EO in the literature, only one of which has described IV drug use as the underlying factor.

A rare case of calcific tendinitis of biceps femoris presenting with lateral knee pain.

Distal biceps femoris tendon is an unusual site of calcific tendinitis and a rare cause of knee pain. We present a case of 72-year-old lady who presented with a six-month history of pain over the lateral aspect of knee. Subsequent imaging demonstrated calcific deposits within the biceps femoris tendon substance. She was then successfully treated with ultrasound-guided barbotage of the calcium deposits and peri-tendinous corticosteroid injection. Clinical awareness of the unusual sites of calcific tendinitis with imaging evidence is important for early diagnosis and appropriate management.

Data analysis and review of radiology services at Glasgow 2014 Commonwealth Games.

BACKGROUND: Medical services at the Glasgow 2014 Commonwealth Games (CWG) were provided though a purpose-built medical polyclinic, which had a fully equipped radiology department along with other services, set up within the main Games Village. Data analysis of radiology services offered at CWG has not been published before. SETTING: Imaging services within the polyclinic, Athletes Village, Glasgow 2014 CWG. AIM: The aim of the paper is to analyse data on radiological investigations and assess the demand and distribution of workload on imaging services at CWG 2014. METHODOLOGY: Data on radiology investigations at the CWG 2014 was retrieved from the Carestream picture archiving and communication system (PACS) and Pharmasys (CWG official centralised electronic database system) and analysed. RESULTS: Six hundred ninety-seven diagnostic and interventional procedures were performed. Of these 37.9% were magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, 22% were diagnostic ultrasound (US) examinations, 33.1% were radiographs, 4.3% were computed tomography (CT) scans and 2.7% were imaging-guided interventional procedures. 88% of imaging was performed on athletes and the remainder were performed on team officials and workforce. Demand on radiology services gradually picked up through the pre-competition period and peaked half way through the CWG. CONCLUSIONS: Radiology played a vital role in the successful provision of medical services at the Glasgow 2014 CWG. High demand on imaging services can be expected at major international sporting events and therefore pre-event planning is vital. Having back-up facilities in case of technical failure should be given due importance when planning radiology services at future CWG events.

Imaging services at the Paralympic Games London 2012: analysis of demand and distribution of workload.

BACKGROUND: Very little data have been published on medical imaging services at disability games. 7.9 million euros (£6.6 million, US$11 million) were invested in setting up radiology facilities within purpose built polyclinics at the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic games. This paper details imaging services at the 2012 Paralympic Games. Data analysis on imaging at 2012 Olympics has been published in a separate paper. AIM: To analyse the workload on the polyclinics' radiology services, provided for the Paralympic athletes during the London 2012 Paralympic Games. METHOD: Data were prospectively collected during the period of the Paralympic games from the Picture Archive Communications System (PACS) and the Radiological Information System (RIS). Data were correlated with the medical encounter database (ATOS). RESULTS: 655 imaging episodes were recorded, which comprised 38.8% (n=254) MRI, 33% (n=216) plain radiographs, 24% (n=157) ultrasound scans and 4.2% (n=28) CT scans. Investigations on the Paralympic athletes accounted for 65.2% of workload, with the remainder divided between Paralympic family and workforce. CONCLUSIONS: MRI was the most used imaging resource and CT was the least used imaging modality at the Paralympic village polyclinic. Analysis of demographic data provides a useful index for planning radiology infrastructure and manpower at future international competitions for athletes with a disability.

Imaging of plantar fascia and Achilles injuries undertaken at the London 2012 Olympics.

Plantar fascia and distal Achilles injuries are common in elite athletes. Acute athletic injuries of the plantar fascia include acute plantar fasciopathy and partial or complete tears. Underlying most acute injuries is a background of underlying chronic plantar fasciopathy. Injuries may affect the central or less commonly lateral portions of the fascia and acute tears are generally proximal. Athletic Achilles injuries may occur at the mid tendon or the distal insertion, and there may be an underlying chronic tendinopathy. Acute or chronic paratendinopathy may occur as a separate entity or combined with Achilles injury. In this article, the spectrum of athletic injuries of the plantar fascia and Achilles is described, illustrated by imaging findings from the London 2012 Olympic games.

Imaging at London 2012 summer Olympic Games: analysis of demand and distribution of workload.

BACKGROUND: Very little data on the provision of imaging services at the summer Olympic Games have been published before. With 7.9 million Euros (£6.6 million, US$11 million) invested into setting up the imaging equipment at the purpose-built polyclinics for London 2012 summer Olympics, an ideal opportunity was presented to study the demand and distribution of workload on imaging services at the games. SETTING: Imaging services within polyclinics, London 2012 summer Olympic Games. AIMS: To analyse the demand and distribution of workload on radiology services at the London 2012 summer Olympic Games. METHODS: Data on radiological investigations performed at London 2012 summer Olympic Games were retrieved from Radiology Information System-picture archiving communication system, ATOS medical encounter database and analysed. RESULTS: 1711 diagnostic and interventional procedures were performed at the Stratford Polyclinic within the main games village. Of these 48.8% were MRI scans, 20.2% were diagnostic ultrasound examinations, 23.6% were plain radiographs, 2.9% were CT scans and interventional procedures accounted for 4.3%. Nearly 75% of imaging was performed on athletes while less than 5% of the services were utilised by the workforce. Demand on radiology services peaked during week 2 of the games. CONCLUSIONS: Imaging played a substantial role in providing medical services at the London 2012 summer Olympics.

Elbow injuries at the London 2012 Summer Olympic Games: demographics and pictorial imaging review.

OBJECTIVE: Elbow injuries in Olympic sports and their imaging findings have not been described previously. The main objective of this article is to analyze the demographic data on imaging of elbow injuries at the London 2012 Summer Olympic Games and to review the spectrum of imaging findings. CONCLUSION: Elbow injuries were seen in a wide variety of sports. Judo and weight-lifting contributed nearly half of all injuries, with only a surprisingly small number of injuries seen in throwing athletes. Knowledge of elbow anatomy coupled with awareness of types of elbow injuries and their prevalence in various sports will contribute toward improving diagnostic accuracy, handling of workload, and overall provision of services at similar major international sporting events in the future.

The London 2012 Summer Olympic Games: an analysis of usage of the Olympic Village 'Polyclinic' by competing athletes.

BACKGROUND: The London 2012 Summer Olympic Games involved 10 568 elite athletes representing 204 competing nations. To manage the varied healthcare needs of this diverse population, a Polyclinic was constructed in the athletes' village. AIM: This work aims to summarise the usage of the Polyclinic by competing athletes and the facilities available to them. METHODS: All Polyclinic encounters were entered into a database from which data were exported for the time frame 28 July-12 August 2012, inclusive to cover the first to last full day of competition. Only Polyclinic data involving accredited athletes were analysed. All types of encounters were collected for analysis, not just sports-related issues. RESULTS: There were a total of 3220 encounters within the Polyclinic. This figure combines medical consultations, radiology/pathology investigations and prescriptions dispensed. Of these 3220 encounters, there were 2105 medical consultations; musculoskeletal comprised the greatest number (52%), followed by dental (30%) and ophthalmic (9%). The most frequently used imaging modality was MRI and diagnostic CT was used the least. After correction for multiple entries, Africa provided the largest proportion of athletes attending the Polyclinic (44%) and Europe the least (9%). Peak usage of all facilities was seen around days 9 and 10 of competition, reflecting the busiest time of the competition and the largest number of athletes in the village. CONCLUSIONS: The Polyclinic managed a wide variety of both sports-related and non-sports-related injuries and illnesses. The breadth of specialists available for consultation was appropriate as was the ease of access to them. The radiology department was able to satisfy the demand, as were the pharmacy and pathology services. We would recommend a similar structure of facilities and available expertise in one clinic when planning future mass participation sporting events.

Tophaceous gout of the patella: a report of two cases.

Introduction. Tophaceous gout of the patella is rare and may masquerade as a tumour or tumour-like condition. Cases. We report two patients with gout involving the patella, one complicated by a pathological fracture and the other occurring in a bipartite patella in a young adult. Discussion. Typical imaging appearances and measurement of serum urate will usually confirm the diagnosis but, occasionally, the serum urate level may be normal in active gout and in such cases, a biopsy will be required. Conclusion. Gout of the patella may masquerade as a tumour or tumour-like condition and it is important to consider gout in the differential diagnosis.