[Sandostatin in the treatment of diarrhea of different origins]. / Sandostatin pri lechenii diarei razlichnogo geneza.

Antidiarrheal action of sandostatin (octreotide) was studied in dumping syndrome, diabetic enteropathy, short-bowel syndrome, Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Sandostatin proved effective in diarrhea of secretory, motor and osmotic origin. Dumping syndrome, diabetic enteropathy, Crohn's disease and short-bowel syndrome responded completely. In ulcerative colitis the effect was paradoxical: intensive diarrhea discontinued, but moderate diarrhea became more intensive. Sandostatin indications in ulcerative colitis should receive further investigations.

[The current pathogenetic aspects of diarrhea in ulcerative colitis]. / Sovremennye aspekty patogeneza diarei pri iazvennom kolite.

The authors consider different mechanisms participating in progression of diarrhea in ulcerative colitis. The involvement of osmotic component was suggested in view of incomplete hydrolysis of carbohydrates by small intestinal glucoamylase under mono- and bisubstrate digestion, whereas diarrhea secretory component develops in participation of cyclic nucleotides. Motor mechanism is also present in diarrhea as evidenced by high concentrations of blood motilin and changes in intestinal evacuation and motility. Polycomponent dysbioses detected in ulcerative colitis patients may also be essential for pathogenesis of diarrhea. Determination of the leading component in each diarrhea case is thought helpful in valid choice of individual therapeutic policy.

[The role of pancreatic polypeptide in the pathogenesis of malabsorption in ulcerative colitis]. / Rol' pankreaticheskogo polipeptida v patogeneze mal'absorbtsii pri iazvennom kolite.

Pancreatic function was evaluated in 16 22-56-year-olds with ulcerative colitis. The diagnosis was verified by coprogram, glycemic curves, blood and urine amylase, ultrasound and endoscopic findings. A basal level of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) was measured in blood serum under glucose tolerance test (50 g) using radioimmunoassay. Intracavitary pH-metry provided data on pH in the upper gastrointestinal tract. The results were processed according to Student's t-criterion. The evidence demonstrated pancreatic involvement with secretory and endocrine insufficiency leading to homeostatic derangement of enteral medium and malabsorption in ulcerative colitis. The addition of pancreatic enzymes and antacids is advisable as pathogenetically valid.

[Plasma motilin and diarrhea in ulcerative colitis]. / Motilin plazmy i diareia pri iazvennom kolite.

Motilin basal level and that after carbohydrate load were radioimmunoassayed in 26 patients with ulcerative colitis. The results were correlated with the data on motor evacuatory activity of the gastrointestinal tract and clinical manifestations of diarrhea. Basal motilin level was found elevated as against the control (99 rg/ml) in all the patients and surpassed the norm (356-1001 rg/ml) in 6. A significant elevation of motilin content was associated with reduction of the amplitude and number of rhythmic type I contractions, as well as by increased number of type III (propulsive) waves and accelerated transport of the contents via the small intestine. No compensatory rarefying of acid discharge from the stomach, that was observed in reference subjects if transport of contents was accelerated, was detectable in the patients with ulcerative colitis. This resulted in acidification of the enteral medium (pH 5.6 +/- 0.6). Concomitant pancreatitis in 22 patients with reduced production of HCO3- and impaired cavitary hydrolysis of polymer substrate enhanced enteral medium acidification and changed its osmotic pressure. Specific features of enteral medium homeostasis disorders and of impairments of the gastrointestinal tract motor evacuatory function should be borne in mind when planning treatment strategy for diarrhea patients.

[Role of current large-film fluorography in the improved diagnosis of gastric polyps in mass screening of the population]. / Rol' sovremennoi krupnokadrovoi fliuorografii v uluchshenii diagnostiki polipov zheludka pri provedenii dispanserizatsii naseleniia.

The paper is concerned with a study of present-day potentialities for improving the diagnosis of stomach polyps. As the main diagnostic method the authors proposed gastric LFF with subsequent (as per indications) endoscopic examination of persons at high risk of development of the above pathology. Proceeding from an analysis of 110 cases of stomach polyps diagnosed at examination of over 11000 persons at high risk of developing stomach tumors, the authors emphasized a high efficacy of the proposed methods to find a solution to the problem of improving polyp diagnosis and issued their recommendations for their introduction into practice.