Understanding the Factors That Influence Risk Tolerance Among Minority Women: A Qualitative Study.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the factors that influence risk tolerance among women from different racial/ethnic groups. METHODS: In-depth individual interviews of non-Hispanic African American, non-Hispanic white, and Hispanic women ages 20-45 years were conducted by a trained interviewer using a semi-structured interview guide to elicit the factors that influence risk tolerance among minority women. The interviews were audiotaped and professionally transcribed, with a final sample size of 36 determined by thematic saturation. The members of the research team used open coding to review and develop a list of codes, which was modified as new codes emerged. A final list of 35 codes was applied to the transcripts and combined into broader themes. RESULTS: The study included 30.6% non-Hispanic African American, 33.3% non-Hispanic white, and 36.1% Hispanic women, with a mean ± SD age of 34.8 ± 6.8 years. Several major themes explaining risk aversion among minority women emerged: discrepancies in quality of health care, perceived prejudice, lack of knowledge and education, medication beliefs, risk perception, and constrained resources. The latter was discussed most frequently. CONCLUSION: While our findings identify several concerns that may be addressed through implementation of more effective communication strategies by medical providers, they also highlight that disparities are strongly influenced by the complex ways financial and social constraints impact health care decisions of minority women.

Graduate capabilities for health service managers: reconfiguring health management education @UNSW.

The Master of Health Administration program at UNSW was extensively revised in 2006 to ensure that it effectively meets the challenging and dynamic environment of health service managers in local and global health contexts. This paper describes the innovative approach to the redesign of the health management program within the Faculty of Medicine. It outlines the method and considerations undertaken, particularly in identifying and embedding new graduate capabilities within the program. The paper concludes that using an outcomes-based approach and engaging with key stakeholders provides opportunity to identify and promote critical capabilities needed by managers to support the challenges confronting health services, including workforce flexibility. Further research is required on how such curriculum initiatives might impact on the performance of health service managers, but initial indications are that the health industry recognises the need and value of this approach.