RESUMO
MAGE A3, which belongs to the family of cancer-testis antigens, is an attractive target for adoptive therapy given its reactivation in various tumors and limited expression in normal tissues. We developed an affinity-enhanced T cell receptor (TCR) directed to a human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A*01-restricted MAGE A3 antigen (EVDPIGHLY) for use in adoptive therapy. Extensive preclinical investigations revealed no off-target antigen recognition concerns; nonetheless, administration to patients of T cells expressing the affinity-enhanced MAGE A3 TCR resulted in a serious adverse event (SAE) and fatal toxicity against cardiac tissue. We present a description of the preclinical in vitro functional analysis of the MAGE A3 TCR, which failed to reveal any evidence of off-target activity, and a full analysis of the post-SAE in vitro investigations, which reveal cross-recognition of an off-target peptide. Using an amino acid scanning approach, a peptide from the muscle protein Titin (ESDPIVAQY) was identified as an alternative target for the MAGE A3 TCR and the most likely cause of in vivo toxicity. These results demonstrate that affinity-enhanced TCRs have considerable effector functions in vivo and highlight the potential safety concerns for TCR-engineered T cells. Strategies such as peptide scanning and the use of more complex cell cultures are recommended in preclinical studies to mitigate the risk of off-target toxicity in future clinical investigations.
Assuntos
Apresentação de Antígeno/imunologia , Antígenos de Neoplasias/imunologia , Conectina/química , Reações Cruzadas/imunologia , Antígeno HLA-A1/imunologia , Proteínas de Neoplasias/imunologia , Peptídeos/imunologia , Linfócitos T/metabolismo , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Antígenos de Neoplasias/química , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Diferenciação Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Conectina/imunologia , Reações Cruzadas/efeitos dos fármacos , Células HEK293 , Humanos , Ativação Linfocitária/efeitos dos fármacos , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Miócitos Cardíacos/efeitos dos fármacos , Miócitos Cardíacos/metabolismo , Proteínas de Neoplasias/química , Peptídeos/química , Engenharia de Proteínas , Receptores de Antígenos de Linfócitos T/metabolismo , Linfócitos T/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
T cell immunity can potentially eradicate malignant cells and lead to clinical remission in a minority of patients with cancer. In the majority of these individuals, however, there is a failure of the specific T cell receptor (TCR)mediated immune recognition and activation process. Here we describe the engineering and characterization of new reagents termed immune-mobilizing monoclonal TCRs against cancer (ImmTACs). Four such ImmTACs, each comprising a distinct tumor-associated epitope-specific monoclonal TCR with picomolar affinity fused to a humanized cluster of differentiation 3 (CD3)-specific single-chain antibody fragment (scFv), effectively redirected T cells to kill cancer cells expressing extremely low surface epitope densities. Furthermore, these reagents potently suppressed tumor growth in vivo. Thus, ImmTACs overcome immune tolerance to cancer and represent a new approach to tumor immunotherapy.
