Assessment of neuropharmacological consequences induced by dexamethasone administration in rats model of neurodegenerative diseases.

Stress is a well-known and frequently used term among present generation. It has been referred to the response of body to any challenge for a change. It is a natural process and our body is designed to cope with it. However, if stress becomes chronic, it can lead to mental health problems. Stress due to the prolonged administration of glucocorticoid is enabled to produce impressive alterations in rats model shoeing depressive like behavior. In this investigation; purpose was to study the impact of episodic treatment of dexamethasone with respect to behavioral changes in rats. It was hypothesized that repeated administration of dexamethasone could increase stress and thus, psychological stress leading to mood disorders and behavior deficits in rats. Rats were injected daily with DEX (10 mg/ml/kg, orally) and the different behavioral models of the animals were assessed. DEX-treated rats exhibited depressive behavior like greater time to start mobility in a novel environment and elevated anxiety-like behavior in elevated plus maze. However, time spent in light compartment was shorter with repeated administration of DEX. From results it is demonstrated that the administration of DXM for weeks induced stress and consequently, induced a depression-like behaviors in rats models.

Psychopharmacological impact of ferulic acid on depressive-like behaviors induced by high fat diet in rats models of depression.

Previous studies have been demonstrated that high fat diet can leads to the development of obesity. Obesity is strongly linked with several kinds of neurological and physiological disorders such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore studies also suggested that obesity may cause behavioral changes that mainly deal with less locomotor activity and anxiety obesity linked behavioral changes induced by HFD. By using different parameters like growth rate, food intake, levels of anxiety and locomotor activity the finding of this study showed that, that repeated administration of ferulic acid has great profound effect on impairments that were caused by HFD. In our experiments we have observed that those rats which were on HFD and were treated with water only was seemed to be more depressed, less active, and more anxious than those which were administered by ferulic acid doses. From these results we can also suggest that there must be disturbance in the levels of neurotransmitters in an obese individual that caused such kind of changes in the body. This study has implications in the recovery of the changes in the body that were produced by HFD. And ferulic acid can be used as the drug to cure behavioral consequences that were induced by HFD.

Effect of long term exposure to sublethal concentration of imidacloprid on some biochemical and haematological parameters of Grass carp and Goldfish.

During the present research, C. idella and C. auratus fish were exposed to 2 ppm concentration of imidacloprid for 28 and 24 days, respectively, and the effect on biochemical and haematological parameters was investigated. During the study of biochemical parameters, there occurred significant increase (P<0.05) in the serum levels of ALT and creatinine of imidacloprid exposed groups of both species of fish. The level of serum albumin of imidacloprid exposed groups of both fish species was significantly lower as compared to control group (P<0.05). Serum globulin level in imidacloprid exposed group of C. idella was insignificantly lower as compared to control group, however the serum globulin level of C. auratus was significantly lower than the control group (P < 0.05). The level of total proteins in serum of imidacloprid exposed groups of both fish species was insignificantly lower as compared to control groups (P>0.05). During the study of haematological parameters, TLC of C. idella was insignificantly (P>0.05) higher than control group but the TLC of C. auratus was significantly (P<0.05) higher than control. There was also observed increasing trend in the percentage of neutrophils and lymphocytes of imidacloprid exposed group of each fish species. The platelets count of imidacloprid exposed group of each fish species was significantly (P<0.05) lower than control group. The haemoglobin concentration of imidacloprid exposed group of C. idella was significantly lower than control group (P<0.05). In case of C. auratus, the haemoglobin level of imidacloprid exposed group was insignificantly lower than control group (P>0.05). From the finding of the present research it was concluded that 28 days exposure of C. idella and 24 days exposure of C. auratus to 2 ppm concentration of imidacloprid does not cause mortality however the exposure causes alteration in the normal level of biochemical and haematological parameters.