Influence of pallet rich plasma, quercetin and their combination on activity of nitric oxide cycle enzymes in nasal mucosa of patients with atrophic rhinitis.

OBJECTIVE: Aim: To study the general activity of NO synthases (gNOS), the activity of inducible and constitutive isoforms of NO synthase, the activity of arginases, and the concentration of nitrites in the nasal mucosa under the conditions of local treatment of chronic atrophic rhinitis (AR) with quercetin and platelet-rich plasma (PRP therapy).. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 118 patients divided into two groups: control (n=20) and experimental (patients with AR, n=98). Experimental group was divided into 4 subgroups: standard treatment (n=29), PRP therapy (6 injections for 28 day course, n=19), Quercetin (40 mg 3 times a day for 28 days, n=26) and PRP+Quercetin (n=24) groups. RESULTS: Results: Standard therapy of SaR increases gNOS by 278.38% and arginase activity increases by 222.73%. PRP therapy increases gNOS by 211.43% and arginase by 540.91%. Quercetin elevates gNOS by 108.33% and arginase by 250%. PRP therapy and quercetin increases gNOS by 146.15% and arginase by 536.36%. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The use of standard therapy of SaR and addition of PRP therapy, quercetin and their combination effectively restores the production of nitric oxide and the arginase activity in the nasal mucosa.

MINERALIZATION OF TEETH ENAMEL AFTER ERUPTION.

OBJECTIVE: The aim: The paper was aimed at the study of the processes of mineralization of the enamel of the permanent tooth after its eruption. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: To study the structure of the enamel of permanent teeth has been carried out using light and electron microscopy. The study of the process of the development of the primordia of the permanent teeth involved 10 culled puppies of 30-40 days of age. Microscopic, electron microscopic, immunohistochemical methods of research have been used to study the processes of histogenesis. RESULTS: Results: The studies show that in the postnatal period, the formation of the crown, externally covered with cuticular epithelium, marks the formation of the primordium of the permanent tooth at the follicle stage. After eruption of a tooth, different parts of its crown have three individual structural and functional barriers to enamel biomineralization. The first one is provided by the cuticular epithelium of the pitted areas of the crown, which ensures filtering of the salivary fluid from the protein deposit in the form of a pellicle. The second barrier is defined on the lateral and cuspidate surfaces of the enamel, where the cuticle is erased or poorly expressed. The third structural and functional barrier of enamel biomineralization is located in the cervical portion of teeth of different classes. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Different areas of the enamel in the tooth crown have specific filtration barriers, which can be distinguished as follows: pit-and-fissure-and-groove, cuspidateand-approximal, and cervical barriers. The cuticle is poorly expressed or totally absent on the cusps of the tooth crowns in contrast to pitted areas.

DENTAL CROWN BIOMINERALIZATION DURING ITS HISTOGENESIS.

OBJECTIVE: The aim: Thepaper wasaimedat thestudyof thebiomineralization processesofa permanentdental crown in thepostnatal period of histogenesis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The study involved 30 culled puppies aged 30-40 days. To study the histogenesis of the germs of the permanent tooth from the cuticular epithelium in the postnatal period microscopic, electron microscopic, immunohistochemical methods of study have been used. RESULTS: Results: The studies show that in the postnatal period, the maturation of the germ of a permanent tooth starts with the synthesis of cells of the cuticular epithelium of the organic stroma, capable of subsequent mineralization. Differentiation of the proameloblasts, located on the surface of the dental papillary mesenchyma, at the early stages of histogenesis, is strongly associated with the appearance of a specific protein taftelin. Origination of secretory ameloblasts, which produce the protein enamelin, triggers the process of secondary biomineralization of the enamel. The terminal processes of the secretory ameloblasts produce the protein in the form of layers that overlap each other at a certain angle. Such layering of the structures of enamel and dentin contributes to the S-shaped maturation of the hard tooth tissues, strengthening them considerably. At the follicle stage, maturation of the dental crown, coated with cuticular epithelium, occurs. Invaginations of the cuticular epithelium form a characteristic topography of the dental crown, and enamel projections are further formed by the ameloblasts. Epitheliocytes of the inner layer of the enamel organ have desmosomal connections that allow the filtration of the salivary fluid at the stage of the enamel trophism. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The findings of the study suggest that, normally, due to the cuticular epithelium, filtration of the salivary fluid occurs with protein deposition on it and subsequent infiltration of the calcium salts into the subjacent enamel.

X-ray analysis of the mandible in patients with crossbite and mandibular displacement.

OBJECTIVE: Introduction: Significant morphological and aesthetic disabilities of the face, observed during the formation of a cross bite in combination with the displacement of the mandible, prompt the doctors - orthodontists to study carefully the morphogenesis of this anomaly. The aim: Analysis of the mandible structure in patients with a cross bite and lower jaw displac ement based on the analysis of orthopantomograms. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: For this study, the orthodontic examination of 20 patients, 18-22 years old, was made they complained about facial asymmetry, displacement of the lower jaw and a violation of the cosmetic centers. A diagnosis of the buccal cross bite form in combination with the displacement of the lower jaw was put according to the Uzhumeckiene classification. The methods used do not contradict the conclusions of the ethics commission. RESULTS: Results: The analysis of the obtained data indicates that the angle of the mandible has more variable (p ≤ 0,05). Go120,8º and 125,1º. Significant of the angles of the canines according to the basal arch of the lower jaw of 102,8º and 105,4º (p≤0.01) and the angle of inclination of the first permanent molars of 89,6º and 91,4º, respectively (p≤0.01). CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The obtained data indicate that there is no clear correlation between changes in the studied parameters and the localization of anomalies (left-sided, right-sided). Indicators of the angle of the lower jaw are significantly altered from the opposite direction of its displacement. The change in the angles of inclination of the canine and the first permanent molars, as occlusive compensation, is determined reliably. The more the angle of the mandible changes, the more the lower jaw moves in the transversal direction. Perhaps this is due to the asymmetric tone of masticatory muscles.