RESUMO
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), probably Asian genotype, was first detected in Cambodia in 1961. Despite no evidence of acute or recent CHIKV infections since 2000, real-time reverse transcription PCR of serum collected in 2011 detected CHIKV, East Central South African genotype. Spatiotemporal patterns and phylogenetic clustering indicate that the virus probably originated in Thailand.
Assuntos
Infecções por Alphavirus/epidemiologia , Vírus Chikungunya/genética , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/epidemiologia , Surtos de Doenças , Adolescente , Adulto , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Anticorpos Antivirais/imunologia , Camboja/epidemiologia , Vírus Chikungunya/classificação , Vírus Chikungunya/imunologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Imunoglobulina M/sangue , Imunoglobulina M/imunologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Filogenia , Vigilância em Saúde Pública , RNA Viral , Proteínas Virais/genética , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Two very distinct malaria zones can be found within Simbu Province. The north of the province is characterized by the absence or very low level of local malaria transmission, but there is a considerable risk of epidemics prevalent in the lower-lying parts. During non-epidemic periods, parasite prevalence was usually under 5%, with similar frequencies for Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax (47% each), and malaria was an only minor source of febrile illness. During epidemics, however, 13-36% of people were infected, predominantly with P. falciparum (64%), and high levels of severe morbidity were present. In south Simbu malaria is clearly endemic with an overall prevalence of 35%, combined with a strong age-dependence of infections, low haemoglobin levels, high rates of enlarged spleen and moderate to severe anaemia (haemoglobin level < 7.5 g/dl) in children. The malaria epidemiology in south Simbu is thus more similar to the lowlands than to other highlands areas. Epidemic prevention, surveillance and response in the north, and bednet distribution and strengthening of curative services in the south, are therefore the priorities for malaria control in Simbu Province.
Assuntos
Surtos de Doenças , Doenças Endêmicas , Malária/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Animais , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Coleta de Dados , Feminino , Humanos , Malária/parasitologia , Malária/transmissão , Masculino , Papua Nova Guiné/epidemiologia , Plasmodium falciparum/isolamento & purificação , Plasmodium vivax/isolamento & purificação , Prevalência , População RuralRESUMO
The epidemiology of malaria in Eastern Highlands Province (EHP) is characterized by generally very low-level or no local malaria transmission but a considerable risk of epidemics. In non-epidemic situations, parasite prevalence was under 5% in all but one area, Lufa Valley, where P. vivax was the most common parasite (prevalence rate of 58%). During epidemics, however, 23% (range 8-63%) of people were infected, with P. falciparum the predominant parasite. Mixed infections were very common (12%) but P. malariae and P. ovale were rare. Outside epidemics, malaria was only a minor source of febrile illness and enlarged spleens and anaemia (haemoglobin level < 7.5 g/dl) were virtually absent. However, epidemics were associated with a high incidence of relatively severe morbidity, both in terms of fevers and moderate to severe anaemia. Epidemic prevention, surveillance and response therefore are priorities in malaria control in EHP.