[Role of abdominal obesity in pathogenesis of insulin resistance syndrome]. / Rol' abdominal'nogo ozhireniia v patogeneze sindroma insulinorezistentnosti.

AIM: To study relationships between pathogenesis of obesity, essential hypertension (EH), hyperlipidemia, ischemic heart disease (IHD) and diabetes mellitus (DM) type II. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Glucose and insulin levels in blood, serum lipids were measured, glucose and prednisolone glucose tolerance tests were made in 75 patients with abdominal and 75 patients with gluteofemoral obesity. RESULTS: The results of the study of 75, 75, 763 and 340 patients with abdominal, gluteofemoral obesity, IHD and DM type II, respectively, show that pathogenesis of abdominal obesity, essential hypertension, hyperlipidemia, IHD, abnormal glucose tolerance and diabetes mellitus type II has common features: relative hypercorticoidism, insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia. CONCLUSION: Abdominal obesity is the earliest symptom in composition of metabolic cardiovascular syndrome. Prevention or early treatment of this obesity can prevent or delay onset of diseases associated with this syndrome.

[Functional activity of human thyrocytes in diffuse toxic goiter, autoimmune thyroiditis and thyroid nodules using nucleolar silver staining]. / Funktsional'naia aktivnost' tirotsitov cheloveka pri diffuznom toksicheskom zobe, autoimmunnom tireoldite i uzlovykh obrazovaniiakh shchitovidnoi zhelezy po dannym serebreniia iadryshek.

A comparative study of the thyrocyte nucleolar organizer region (NOR) activity was performed on silver - stained thyroid gland aspiration biopsies from controls, 39 patients with Graves' disease (GD), 15 other patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT), and 71 patients with nodules which underwent surgery. Thyrocyte nucleoli from unchanged thyroid gland were round and small-sized. Their number ranged from 1.34 up to 1.96 per nucleus (mean 1.61 +/- 0.07). The average number of silver (Ag) grains ranged from 3.0 to 6.9 per nucleus (mean - 5.36 +/- 0.36). Compared to the controls the patients with GD revealed thyrocyte nucleoli with increased mean number of AG - grains per nucleus (9.84 +/- 0.24). There was a close correlation between thyrocyte NOR activity, on the one hand, and the level of T3 or T4 hormones and thyroid gland size, on the other. In patients with AT the argentophilla of thyrocyte nucleoli was intermediate between that of controls and patients with GD. This group of patients revealed an increased NOR activity of thyroid gland lymphocytes. Nucleoli of malignant thyroid cells were larger and more irregular than those of benign cells. The mean number of malignant cell nucleoli (2.55 +/- 0.22) was greater than that of the control group (1.61 +/- 0.07; p < 0.05) being identical with those of follicular adenomas (2.47 +/- 0.11) and nodular goiter (2.46 +/- 0.11). The mean number of Ag-grains in the malignant cells (14.9 +/- 0.79) was higher than that in FA (7.95 +/- 0.2; p < 0.0001) and NG (8.0 +/- 0.12; p < 0.0001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

[Effect of biguanide derivatives on the indicators of lipid metabolism and the functional state of blood mononuclear cells in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus]. / Vliianie proizvodnykh biguanidov na pokazateli lipidnogo obmena i funktsional'noe sostoianie mononuklearov krovi u bol'nykh insulinozavisimym sakharnym diabetom.

The paper provides the biochemical and immunological findings from 287 patients with Type I diabetes mellitus with regard to the pattern of their management. It has been shown that the patients treated with non-physiological large-dose insulin more frequently display clinical signs of atherosclerosis profound changes in the serum lipid profile and some immunological parameters. It is concluded that chronic insulin overdosage may play a role in the mechanisms of atherosclerosis development. It is indicated that the use of biguanidine derivatives in the treatment of patients with Type I diabetes mellitus concurrent with insulin overdosage leads to correction of most unfavorable changes in biochemical and immunological parameters.

[Insulin effect on lipidemia and immunological indices in diabetes mellitus type 1]. / Vliianie insulina na lipidemiiu i immunologicheskie pokazateli pri sakharnom diabete 1 tipa.

Biochemical and immunologic studies were carried out in 361 patients with diabetes mellitus type I treated with large nonphysiological doses of insulin and physiological ones. Atherosclerosis and noticeable changes in lipid serum spectrum, immunity derangement occurred significantly more often in heparin overtreatment suggesting a conclusion on a possible role of chronic insulin overdosing in mechanisms of atherosclerosis development in diabetics.

[Effect of biguanides on the indicators of thrombelastography and the level of lactic acid in diabetes mellitus]. / Vliianie biguanidov na pokazateli tromboélastogrammy i uroven' molochnoi kisloty pri sakharnom diabete.

The authors analyze the results of examinations of 232 patients with diabetes mellitus; 48 of these suffering from type I diabetes and 64 from type II diabetes were treated with biguanides. Thromboelastograms were recorded in the presence of hyperglycemia and repeatedly during stable compensation of diabetes, and their values were analyzed with due consideration for therapy administered. Since biguanides are known to induce lactate acidosis, blood serum lactic acid levels were measured when the patients were hospitalized, in the presence of hyperglycemia, and then after a standard exercise test (to detect latent acidosis). When stable compensation of diabetes mellitus was achieved, the examination scheme described before was repeated, i. e. lactic acid measurements before and after exercise test, with due consideration for the therapy administered. Biguanides were found to be conducive to normalization of thrombelastogram values, not elevating the blood serum content of lactic acid even after exercise test.

[Diabetic ketoacidosis (causes, clinico-biochemical correlations and terminology problems)]. / Diabeticheskii ketoatsidoz (prichiny, kliniko-biokhimicheskie sopostavleniia, voprosy terminologii).

The clinical and biochemical data obtained in 85 patients with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) are presented. DKA is an acute exacerbation of diabetes, a characteristic clinico-biochemical syndrome including increasing thirst, polyuria, adynamia, dryness of the skin and mucous membranes, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, occasionally abdominal pain, Kussmaul's breath, acetone odour in the exhaled air, circulatory collapse, prerenal azotemia, stupor, coma. Glycemia level exceeds 19 mmol/l, blood pH over 7.3. The disease is marked by neutrophilic leukocytosis, blood count shift to the left, elevated blood content of creatinine and urea. It was established that the degree of consciousness abnormality does not always correlate with the degree of the clinico-biochemical manifestations of DKA. During DKA, coma occurs relatively seldom (5.9%). It is suggested to use the term "diabetic ketoacidosis", incipient or marked, indicating the degree of consciousness abnormality (stupor, coma).

[Comparative evaluation of the selectivity of proteinuria in various types of diabetes mellitus]. / Sravnitel'naia otsenka selektivnosti proteinurii u bol'nykh s raznymi tipami sakharnogo diabeta.

The results are presented on the comparative studies of proteinuria selectivity in 62 patients with diabetes mellitus depending on the age, diabetes type, duration and severity of the disease. In the absence of clinical manifestations of diabetic glomerulosclerosis affected proteinuria selectivity indices were found only in patients with insulin-depending (the juvenile type) diabetes. The study of the data obtained has shown a close correlation between proteinuria selectivity and severity of diabetic glomerulosclerosis clinical manifestation.

[Effect of trental on indices kidney function in diabetes mellitus]. / Vliianie trentala na nekotorye polazateli funktsii pochek u bol'nykh sakharnym diabetom.

Effect of trental on some renal function parameters was studied in 11 patients with diabetes mellitus, 7 of these patients had clinical signs of diabetic nephropathy. Trental was administered by intravenous drip in a dose of 300 mg daily during 3 weeks. Marked improvement of renal function under the effect of trental was recorded: glomerular filtration increased, proteinuria diminished, and the level of glycemia reduced. No side effects of trental treatment were observed. It is suggested that trental be used in comprehensive treatment of diabetes mellitus patients

[Various indicators of cellular immunity in obesity. Effect of low-calorie diet]. / Nekotorye pokazateli kletochnogo immuniteta u bol'nykh ozhireniem. Vliianie nizkokaloriinoi diety.

The influence of obesity and a decrease of the body weight in the patients, treated with low-caloric diet, on several indices of cellular immunity has been studied. Absolute and relative T- and B-lymphocyte content, monocyte lysosome content and granulocyte phagocytic activity were examined in the peripheral blood of 27 obese patients and 30 normal subjects. Reversible inhibition of cellular immunity was revealed in the obese patients. The body weight lowering, which resulted from the treatment of obese patients with a low-caloric diet, promoted returning their immunity to normal.

[Surgical treatment in a severe degree of obesity by ileo-jejunal bypass]. / Khirurgicheskoe lechenie ozhireniia krainei stepeni metodom eiunoileoshuntirovaniia.

The article presents the material on the surgical treatment of 35 patients with non-corrected obesity by the operation of jejuno-shunting. The results were followed up for three years. In the nearest postoperative period 2 patients died, the other 33 patients had good results. The body mass diminished, the working capacity of the patients recovered. They believe the special importance of careful selection of patients for the operation. They believe the surgery to be possible but for strict indications and specialized hospitals. After the operations the patients need a continuous follow-up observation.

[Radioisotope diagnosis of kidney function in diabetes mellitus]. / Radioizotopnaia diagnostika funktsii pochek pri sakharnym diabete.

The results of the radioisotopic methods of the renal function study in 102 patients suffering from diabetes mellitus are presented. Age, type of the disease, its duration, and the therapy instituted were taken in consideration. Depending on the disturbances the patients were distributed in four groups. The radioisotopic methods permitted to reveal early preclinical renal function derangements in the diabetic patients. The necessity of radioisotopic methods in complex examination of the kidneys in diabetic patients, particularly with no clinical manifestations of the renal affection is discussed.

[Improvement in the functional and morphological mononuclear blood cell indices under the influence of miscleron]. / Uluchshenie funktsional'no-morfologicheskikh pokazatelei mononuklearnykh kletok krovi pod vliianiem misklerona.

Taking into account the conception of metabolic immunosuppression, arising in the case when fatty acids but no glucose serves as the basic energetic substrate, the authors have studied the effect of miscleron (clofibrate, athromid-S) on a number of hormonal-metabolic and immune indices. It is shown that miscleron in addition to decreasing the blood level of cholesterol, beta-lipoproteids, triglycerids, free fatty acids, cortisol and reducing 17-ketosteroids excretion, produces higher indices of the blasttransformation reaction, induced by FHA, an increased phagocytic index of monocytes, a rise in the level of peroxidase and lysosomal activity of monocytes. Miscleron and other substances lowering the lipid level in blood should be examined in patients with nonlymphoid types of tumors both with the aim to eliminate metabolic immunosuppression and to retard the rate of tumor cells growth due to a reduced level of low density lipoproteins.

[Blood serum magnesium content and its excretion by the kidneys in thyrotoxicosis]. / Soderzhanie magniia v syvorotke krovi i ego ékskretsiia pochkami u bol'nykh tireotoksikozom.

A study was made of magnesium content in the blood serum and the urine of 62 patients with thyrotoxicosis before and after the parenteral administration of magnesium sulfate (load dose). Blood serum magnesium content was diminished; as to its renal excretion--it failed to differ from that in the control group. The mentioned disturbances in magnesium content were more pronounced in patients with thyrotoxicosis for a long time.

[Determination of the thyroglobulin content in malignant and benign thyroid gland tumors as well as in thyrotoxic strumas using an immunological method]. / Opredelenie soderzhaniia tireoglobulina v zlokachestvennykh i dobrokachestvennykh opukholiakh shchitovidnoi zhelezy, a takzhe v tireotoksicheskikh strumakh s pomoshch'iu immunologicheskogo metoda.

A decreased content of the organospecific antigen (thyroglobulin) was found in the tissues of 70% of thyroid gland cancers and in about 50% of thyroid benign tumours and thyrotoxic goiters studied. These data testify to the fact that the antigenic simplification is not an obligatory and specific process for the malignant transformation of thyroid tissue. Among the neoplasms with decreased thyroglobulin content there were found tumours built up both of "A" and "C" cellular types, thus indicating the dual nature of the antigenic simplification of the thyroid tumours.

[Correlation between immunological reactivity and the fat-carbohydrate metabolism. Influence of phenformin]. / Korreliatsiia mezhdu immunologicheskoi reaktivnost'iu i zhiro-uglevodnym obmenom. Vliianie fenformina

Based on the conceptions of the relationship between energy and adaptation-immunological systems a number of hormone-metabolic indices were compared with immune reactivity as evidenced by skin tests and rosette-formation reaction. It is shown that lowering of immunological indices in oncological patients is associated with a decreased sensitivity of dexametasone suppression of cortisol, an increased concentration of 11-oxycorticosteroids in blood, a higher level of triglycerides, cholestrol, beta-lipoproteins and less glucose tolerance. The use of phenformin during 3 months in patients with atherosclerosis resulted in a considerable increase of the index of phytohemagglutinin stimulated blasttransformation of lymphocytes and rosette-formation reaction. This effect was associated with normalization of lipid metabolism indices.