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1.
An Acad Bras Cienc ; 95(suppl 1): e20200927, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37646706

RESUMO

Several human disturbances contribute to the decrease of vertebrate species' richness and abundance, altering the processes of an ecosystem. We evaluate richness, diversity and relative abundance of species for lizard assemblages at sites with different degrees of perturbation in the center-west of the Arid Chaco region in Argentina. Between 2015 and 2018, six lizard assemblages were sampled monthly -using pitfall traps- in three areas of the Chaco, with a perturbed and an unperturbed (control) replica at each of the areas: (1) Chaco Mountain plain, (2) Chaco Mountain slope, and (3) Chaco Plains, and habitat characteristics of each study site were recorded. We captured 1446 lizards, belonging to 12 species. The perturbed area at the Chaco Mountain plain showed the greatest richness, diversity and abundance of species. In the perturbed Chaco Plains, species abundance decreased by about 50% with respect to the control site. Liolaemus chacoensis was the dominant species at all sites. Some species could be negatively affected by a total loss of arboreal strata, tree trunks and fallen leaves. Structural parameters of lizard assemblages were related to the habitat characteristics; therefore, these results provide information for the conservation and management of lands and lizard assemblages in the Arid Chaco.


Assuntos
Ecossistema , Lagartos , Humanos , Animais , Argentina , Folhas de Planta , Registros , Árvores
2.
An Acad Bras Cienc ; 94(suppl 4): e20210179, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36515324

RESUMO

Reproductive biology is fundamental to understanding the ecology and evolution of lizards which, in turn, is essential for the definition of the species´ conservation status. We studied life-history traits related to the reproduction of the Phymaturus extrilidus lizard, including the male and female reproductive cycles, litter size, mean annual reproductive output, reproductive effort, sexual maturity size and sexual dimorphism, body condition, and fat body cycles. We found sexual dimorphism in size and shape, supporting the hypotheses of sexual and fecundity selection. Females exhibited biennial reproductive cycles synchronous with the annual prenuptial male cycle, adjusted for the maturation of the vitellogenic follicles of females. Females of P. extrilidus have the highest mean annual reproductive output (MARO=1.14) recorded in Phymaturus, and this is accompanied by the highest reproductive effort (C=0.28, C energetic =0.31). Births occur from late summer to early autumn. The female reproductive cycle, strictly biennial, like all species of the P. palluma group, and the vitellogenesis in particular, appear to be limited by body condition and the amount of fat body stored. This study presents the fundamental reproductive traits of P. extrilidus that can provide valuable information to be used in the evaluation of the conservation status of this species.


Assuntos
Lagartos , Animais , Feminino , Masculino , Caracteres Sexuais , Altitude , Argentina , Reprodução , Biologia
3.
Rev. biol. trop ; 68(3)sept. 2020.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1507703

RESUMO

Introducción: El estudio de las estrategias de uso y partición del recurso espacial resulta importante para entender los mecanismos de coexistencia de especies de anfibios simpátricas, más aún cuando existen variaciones temporales en la disponibilidad de hábitats. Objetivo: Conocer los patrones de uso de microhábitat, sus variaciones estacionales y la posible influencia de la filogenia en un ensamble de anuros del Chaco Serrano de Argentina. Métodos: Los muestreos se realizaron en el área protegida Parque Natural Valle Fértil, Departamento Valle Fértil, San Juan, entre el 2012 y 2017. En campo, se registró el microhábitat donde se encontró cada ejemplar y se midieron variables del sitio. Además, se determinó la disponibilidad de microhábitats. Los datos se analizaron mediante el índice de selectividad de Manly. Para evaluar variaciones temporales en el uso de microhábitats se utilizaron modelos lineales generalizados (GLM). Resultados: Las especies evaluadas fueron: Rhinella arenarum arenarum, Leptodactylus latrans, Pleurodema tucumanum y Odontophrynus occidentalis. Todas las especies mostraron diferencias en las frecuencias de uso: R. a. arenarum mostró preferencias hacia los sitios rocosos y acuáticos, P. tucumanum exhibió preferencias hacia los sitios con suelo desnudo y rocas, L. latrans y O. occidentalis presentaron mayores preferencias hacia los sitios rocosos y acuáticos. Todas las especies excepto Odontophrynus exhibieron variaciones estacionales en la selección y uso de los microhábitats. Odontophrynus occidentalis presentó diferencias en las proporciones de uso entre microhábitats. Conclusiones: Este estudio muestra la plasticidad en el uso de microhábitats como un determinante importante en la distribución espacial de anuros, sin restricciones aparentes impuestas por la competencia, el espacio ni la filogenia. Cuando la actividad de las especies es coincidente, el recurso espacial puede distribuirse de manera que se reduzca el solapamiento entre especies.


Introduction: Research on spatial resource usage and partition strategies is important to understand the mechanisms of coexistence in sympatric amphibian species, even more when there are temporal variations in habitat availability. Objective: To learn about the patterns of microhabitat use, its seasonal variations and the possible influence of phylogeny on an anuran assembly of the Chaco Serrano in Argentina. Methods: Samplings were carried out in the Valle Fértil Natural Park protected area, Valle Fértil Department, San Juan, between 2012 and 2017. In the field, we recorded the microhabitat where each specimen was found, and we also measured site variables. In addition, microhabitats availability was determined. Data were analyzed using Manly's selectivity index. Generalized linear models (GLM) were used to assess temporal variations in microhabitat use. Results: The species evaluated were: Rhinella arenarum arenarum, Leptodactylus latrans, Pleurodema tucumanum and Odontophrynus occidentalis. All species showed differences in usage frequencies: R. a. arenarum showed preferences for rocky and aquatic sites, P. tucumanum showed preferences towards bare soil and rocky sites, L. latrans and O. occidentalis showed greater preferences for rocky and aquatic sites. All species but Odontophrynus exhibited seasonal variations in microhabitat selection and usage. Odontophrynusoccidentalis showed differences in usage proportions among microhabitats. Conclusions: This study shows plasticity in microhabitat usage as an important determinant of anuran spatial distribution, without apparent restrictions imposed by space competition or phylogeny. When species activity is coincident, the space resource may be distributed in a way that species overlap is reduced.

4.
J Comp Physiol B ; 188(6): 977-990, 2018 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30288595

RESUMO

Locomotion is relevant to the ecology of reptiles because of its presumed influence on an organism's Darwinian fitness. Moreover, in ectothermic species, physiological performance capacity is affected by body temperature. We analyzed two components of locomotor performance in three species of lizards, Phymaturus extrilidus, Liolaemus parvus, and Liolaemus ruibali, in the Puna environment of Argentina. First, we estimated the thermal sensitivity of locomotion by measuring sprint speed at four different body temperatures. We included two measures of sprint speed: initial velocity and long sprint for sustained runs. Based on these data, we calculated the optimal temperature for performance and the optimal performance breadth. We also estimated endurance capacity at a single temperature. Maximum sprint speed for L. parvus was greater than L. ruibali and P. extrilidus in both initial velocity and long sprint. In contrast, L. parvus exhibited lower levels of endurance than L. ruibali and P. extrilidus. However, endurance in L. ruibali exceeded that of P. extrilidus. The species differed in the optimal temperature for the initial velocity with the lowest for L. ruibali (31.8 °C) followed by P. extrilidus (33.25 °C) and then L. parvus (36.25 °C). The optimal temperature for long sprint varied between 32 and 36 °C for all species. We found that all species attained maximum performance at body temperatures commonly experienced during daily activity, which was higher than the thermal quality of the environment. We found evidence for thermal sensitivity in locomotor performance in these species. However, we also show that the broad thermal breadth of performance suggests that the lizards are capable of sustaining near optimal levels of locomotor performance at ambient temperatures that would appear to be suboptimal. Thus, this lizard assemblage is capable of coping with the highly variable climatic conditions in the Puna region of Argentina.


Assuntos
Lagartos/fisiologia , Corrida/fisiologia , Temperatura , Animais , Argentina , Tamanho Corporal , Feminino , Masculino , Termotolerância
5.
An. bras. dermatol ; 92(6): 877-878, Nov.-Dec. 2017. graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-887125

RESUMO

Abstract: We report a 42-year-old cocaine addicted female patient referred for evaluation of hard palate ulceration resulting in oro-sinus communication with difficulties in swallowing and phonation, an rhino-sinusitis. Acrylic and removable silicone prosthesis was prescribed to relieve severe functional disorders. It is essential that the patient permanently abandons cocaine use to perform surgical reconstruction.


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Fístula Bucal/diagnóstico , Fístula Bucal/induzido quimicamente , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Cocaína/complicações , Palato Duro/efeitos dos fármacos , Perfuração do Septo Nasal/diagnóstico , Perfuração do Septo Nasal/induzido quimicamente , Obturadores Palatinos , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Fístula Bucal/terapia , Cocaína/efeitos adversos , Palato Duro/diagnóstico por imagem , Perfuração do Septo Nasal/terapia
6.
Rev. biol. trop ; 65(3): 953-961, Jul.-Sep. 2017. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-897595

RESUMO

ResumenEn las regiones subtropicales, las precipitaciones tienen una marcada estacionalidad. El agua de inundaciones causadas por fuertes lluvias puede tener consecuencias importantes para los ecosistemas dependientes. Por el contrario, en periodos de sequía algunas especies de la fauna se encuentran limitadas a la oferta de los recursos disponibles en el hábitat, reflejando cambios en su diversidad y distribución. Entre los vertebrados, las aves son consideradas como excelentes indicadores ecológicos y facilitan evaluar los cambios de su hábitat. Sin embargo, en el Chaco Serrano Austral argentino poco se conoce sobre la avifauna. Nosotros estudiamos (1) el estado de residencia que presentan las especies de aves en el área austral del Chaco Serrano y (2) la relación de su riqueza y abundancia con la variación estacional y con los efectos de hidroperíodos mensuales y anuales. Realizamos 18 muestreos durante un período de dos años (marzo 2011 - febrero 2013) en el sector noreste del Parque Natural Valle Fértil en la provincia de San Juan, Argentina. Estos muestreos se llevaron a cabo durante los períodos no reproductivo (otoño-invierno), pre-reproductivo (primavera) y reproductivo (verano), con el fin de evaluar el estado de residencia de las aves. En cada muestreo se registraron las poblaciones de aves utilizando cinco transectas, con el fin de registrar su abundancia y riqueza específica. Con el fin de analizar las relaciones entre las variables se utilizó un modelo lineal generalizado mixto. Se registraron 98 especies de aves (44 especies residentes, 23 visitantes que llegan en primavera, seis visitantes de verano, dos visitantes de invierno y 23 con registros escasos), pertenecientes a 33 familias. Asimismo, registramos 68 especies en ambos hidroperíodos, 28 durante el hidroperíodo de lluvia y dos durante el hidroperíodo de sequía. Tanto la riqueza, como la abundancia de aves fueron mayores en el periodo prereproductivo y durante el hidroperíodo anual lluvioso, mientras que las lluvias mensuales aisladas no presentaron esta tendencia. La avifauna registrada en este artículo es similar a la encontrada en las regiones del Chaco Serrano, que fue identificado como una región clave para la preservación de la biodiversidad. Por lo tanto, recomendamos tomar esta área como prioritaria para la conservación. Los cambios en la abundancia de aves se asociaron con la llegada de las especies migratorias, sobre todo con las visitantes estivales tempranas, y probablemente en relación con su actividad reproductiva y la evolución estacional de los recursos alimentarios. El Chaco Serrano Austral subtropical semiárido parece ser un importante lugar de cría para muchas especies migratorias que además promueven los cambios estacionales en la densidad y diversidad de especies, sobre todo en los años lluviosos. La creciente comprensión en las causas de variación de la riqueza y abundancia de aves del Chaco Serrano Austral observadas en este trabajo, contribuirán con las tareas manejo y conservación de este importante grupo faunístico.


AbstractIn subtropical regions like the Chaco Serrano (33° S), rainfall has a marked seasonality, and water flood, caused by heavy rains, may have important consequences for dependent ecosystems. Conversely, the high pressure on available resources during dry periods can also affect the fauna diversity and distribution. Even though birds have shown to be excellent ecological indicators of these shifts in the environment, currently little is known about the avifauna of the Argentine Chaco Serrano phytogeographic district. Our aim was to study the resident bird population status in the Southern Chaco Serrano, its fluctuations in richness and abundance, and its relationship to seasonal variations, in monthly and annual hydroperiods. In order to assess the resident bird status over a two year period (2011 Mar.-2013 Feb.) we carried out 18 sampling surveys during pre-breeding (spring), breeding (summer) and non breeding periods (autumn-winter), in the Northeastern part of the Valle Fértil Natural Park, San Juan province, Argentina. During each site survey, we recorded bird assemblages found in six transects, and obtained bird abundance and species diversity. A mixed general linear model was employed to evaluate relationships between the studied variables. We found a total of 98 species of birds belonging to 33 families (44 resident species, 23 spring visitors, six summer visitors, two winter visitors and 23 with scarce registers). We also registered 68 of these species in both hydroperiods, 28 only during rainy periods and only two during the dry period. Both richness and abundance showed the highest values during the pre-breeding and rainy seasons, while different tendencies were detected during the isolated monthly rainfalls. These changes in bird densities were associated with the arrival of migratory species, mainly spring visitors, and probably in relationship with their reproductive activity, and to seasonal fluctuations in food resources. The Southern Chaco Serrano is a subtropical semiarid place that seems to be an important breeding habitat for many migrant bird species, which in turn promoted seasonal changes in species density and diversity, mainly during rainy years. This work contributed to our understanding on the causes of richness and abundance variations on birds, and will contribute to this important group management and conservation in this area. Rev. Biol. Trop. 65 (3): 953-961. Epub 2017 September 01.

7.
An Bras Dermatol ; 92(6): 877-878, 2017.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29364455

RESUMO

We report a 42-year-old cocaine addicted female patient referred for evaluation of hard palate ulceration resulting in oro-sinus communication with difficulties in swallowing and phonation, an rhino-sinusitis. Acrylic and removable silicone prosthesis was prescribed to relieve severe functional disorders. It is essential that the patient permanently abandons cocaine use to perform surgical reconstruction.


Assuntos
Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Cocaína/complicações , Perfuração do Septo Nasal/induzido quimicamente , Perfuração do Septo Nasal/diagnóstico , Fístula Bucal/induzido quimicamente , Fístula Bucal/diagnóstico , Palato Duro/efeitos dos fármacos , Adulto , Cocaína/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Humanos , Perfuração do Septo Nasal/terapia , Fístula Bucal/terapia , Obturadores Palatinos , Palato Duro/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X
8.
Rev. cuba. salud pública ; 41(4): 666-676, oct.-dic. 2015.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, CUMED | ID: lil-771193

RESUMO

El objetivo de este trabajo es describir algunos antecedentes de la psicología en Cuba relacionados con la salud. Se utilizaron los métodos heurístico, hermenéutico y de la historia crítica; la consulta de fuentes primarias y secundarias de información así como testimonios de los autores. Se consultó bibliografía en bibliotecas públicas y privadas, hemerotecas, centros de información y en Internet. Se obtuvo una descripción documentada y crítica de los orígenes de la psicología y su relación con la salud en Cuba durante el periodo de 1900-1958, los escenarios de formación, algunos profesionales destacados en lo científico y lo político así como las teorías y explicaciones del papel de lo psicológico en la determinación de la salud, la afiliación a paradigmas de las ciencias, publicaciones, los primeros puntos de encuentro de la psicología o de los psicólogos relacionados con la salud en Cuba así como los inicios de la enseñanza de la psicología hasta la fundación de las primeras escuelas. Se concluye que existió un determinado nivel de desarrollo de la psicología clínica y psicopedagógica en el periodo estudiado, que predominó el positivismo como concepción teórica aunque existieron algunos críticos a esta corriente y al mercantilismo en la salud, proveniente de la influencia norteamericana durante la república mediatizada. Las personalidades relevantes descritas posibilitaron la posterior formación masiva de psicólogos que constituyen antecedentes del surgimiento de la psicología de la salud en Cuba en la década de los 60 del siglo XX(AU)


The objective of this paper is to describe some antecedents of psychology related to health in Cuba. The heuristics, hermeneutic and critical history methods were used in addition to consulting primary and secondary data sources and authors´ testimonies. Bibliography found in public and private libraries, newspaper and periodical archives, information centers and Internet was reviewed. There was obtained documented critical description of the origins of psychology and its relationship with health in Cuba in the 1900-1958 period, the formative settings, some outstanding professionals in the scientific and the political fields as well as theories and explanations about the role of the psychological elements in determination of health, about the affiliation to paradigms of sciences; publications, the first points of meeting of psychology and of psychologists related to health in Cuba, and the beginning of psychology teaching in Cuba until the foundation of the first schools. It was concluded that there was certain level of development of clinical and psychopedagogic psychology in the studied period when positivism prevailed as a theoretical concept, although there were some people who criticized this trend and health mercantilism as a result of the US influence before 1959. The outstanding personalities described in this paper made the subsequent massive formation of psychologists possible, which represent antecedents of the emergence of health psychology in Cuba in the 60´s of the 20th century(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Psicologia/educação , Psicologia Comparada/história , Cuba
9.
Edumecentro ; 6(3): 162-175, sep.-dic. 2014. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-721261

RESUMO

Las guías didácticas en la educación superior adquieren cada vez mayor significación y funcionalidad; son un recurso del aprendizaje que optimiza el desarrollo del proceso enseñanza aprendizaje por su pertinencia al permitir la autonomía e independencia cognoscitiva del estudiante. Por tal motivo se realiza el presente estudio con el objetivo de compendiar información acerca de ellas en el contexto de la educación médica superior cubana y hacer énfasis en la importancia de su uso como elemento esencial para el trabajo del profesor y los estudiantes. Se expone la fundamentación teórica de su utilización a expensas de las teorías constructivistas y de la tarea docente como célula básica del proceso enseñanza aprendizaje.


Didactic guides acquire increasingly greater significance and functionality. They are a learning resource that optimizes the development of the teaching-learning process by their pertinence, as they allow the autonomy and cognitive independence of the students. This is the reason why this present study is carried out, with the aim to summarize information about them, within the context of the Cuban higher medical education, and also to emphasize the importance of their use for the work of teachers and students. The theoretical foundation for their use is explained, based on the constructivist theories and the teaching task as the basic cell of the teaching-learning process.


Assuntos
Ensino , Educação Médica , Aprendizagem
10.
Arch. argent. dermatol ; 63(1): 1-44, ene-feb.2013.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-766762

RESUMO

Introducción: El aumento mundial en las últimas décadas de la tasa de infecciones por SAMR-AC (Staphylococcus aureusmeticilino resistente adquirido en la comunidad) lo convierte en uno de los principales patógenos emergentes. Debido al aumentoprogresivo en la atención de pacientes con infecciones de piel, primarias y/o secundarias, y muchas de ellas recurrentes;consideramos de interés realizar un estudio con el objetivo de establecer las características de la población afectada, las formasclínicas más frecuentes y el perfil de sensibilidad de la población que acudió a nuestro servicio.Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo donde se incluyeron pacientes mayores de 4 años que consultaron en el Servicio deDermatología del Hospital Tornú en el período de un año con infecciones de piel comunes.Resultados: Se incluyeron un total de 50 pacientes. El 40% de las muestras cultivadas fue SAMR-AC positivo. El rango etariomás afectado: 26 a 45 años. La lesión más frecuente fue el forúnculo (75%).Conclusiones: El SAMR-AC es hoy en día el agente etiológico identificable más frecuente en infecciones de piel y tejidos blandos.En nuestro país la prevalencia es de 62%. Se sugiere la necesidad de reconsiderar las opciones terapéuticas antimicrobianasempíricas en zonas donde es común el SAMR-AC.


Assuntos
Humanos , Staphylococcus , Staphylococcus aureus , Celulite , Furunculose
11.
Acta Clin Croat ; 51 Suppl 1: 107-11, 2012 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23431734

RESUMO

Many methods have been used in an attempt to more accurate predict the intraocular lens (IOL) power in the eyes undergoing refractive surgery, but none has proved most accurate. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy and predictability of different IOL power calculation methods in eyes after excimer laser surgery. The outcomes of phacoemulsification and IOL implantation in 18 eyes of 16 patients with prior excimer laser keratectomy were documented. The lowest error was achieved using history-derived method. The refractive results of IOL implantation using the same biometry data in eyes after excimer laser surgery can vary markedly. In the present study, the SRK-T formula resulted in highest accuracy.


Assuntos
Biometria , Terapia a Laser , Implante de Lente Intraocular , Lentes Intraoculares , Humanos , Lasers de Excimer , Óptica e Fotônica
12.
Zoology (Jena) ; 112(6): 425-32, 2009.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19733041

RESUMO

Several aspects of the biology of Phymaturus lizards including their herbivorous diet, specialized microhabitat use, and viviparous reproductive mode are highly conserved within the group. Here, we explore two aspects of Phymaturus thermal biology and test for the co-evolution among aspects of the thermal biology in these lizards, such as thermal preferenda and critical temperatures. Secondly, we explore correlations among variation in thermal biology with elevation and latitude. To do so, we used phylogenetically based comparative analyses (PCM) together with conventional statistics. Our results show that thermal biology for Phymaturus is conservative and our data do not suggest the co-evolution of thermal variables. Moreover, we detected low levels of variation in the thermal parameters studied, and no clear relationships between climatic and thermal variables. As a significant association between climatic and thermal variables could be demonstrated for a set of syntopic Liolaemus lizards, we suggest that thermal biology in Phymaturus lizards may be evolutionarily or ecologically constrained.


Assuntos
Evolução Biológica , Regulação da Temperatura Corporal/genética , Regulação da Temperatura Corporal/fisiologia , Ecossistema , Lagartos/genética , Lagartos/fisiologia , Animais , Clima , Temperatura
16.
Arch. argent. dermatol ; 40(1,pt.1): 1-13, ene-feb. 1990. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-95773

RESUMO

La llamada gingivitis descamativa crónica (G.D.C.), atribuida en sus comienzos a insuficiencia estrogénica en mujeres en menopausia, fue posteriormente observada en otras condiciones, especialmente en el liquen plano y las dermatosis ampollares. Modernamente muchos autores creen que sería el penfigoide cicatrizal la causa principal. Para nosotros sería el liquen plano erosivo. Pensamos que la llamada G.D.C. no tiene una clínica específica, ni tampoco una histología e inmunología que permitan su diagnóstico. Esto, unido al tratamiento, que se relaciona a la causa que la produce, nos permite considerar que no se trata de una verdadea enfermedad y ni siquiera de un síndrome y que frente a una gingivitis crónica habrá que determinar a través de estudios completos la causa que la produce. La G.D.C. no existiría, por lo tanto, como una entidad con caracteres propios.


Assuntos
Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Masculino , Feminino , Gengivite , Doença Crônica , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Gengivite/história , Gengivite/patologia , Líquen Plano/patologia , Manifestações Bucais , Penfigoide Bolhoso , Pênfigo/patologia
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