An assessment of health status and health behaviours in adolescents: main points and methods of the SOPKARD-Junior programme.

INTRODUCTION: The study involved preparing and implementation a model of complex screening programme for adolescents and comparison of anthropometric examinations between the population of the SOPKARD-Junior programme and representative sample of Polish children in the same age. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The screening programme in 14-15 year old pupils (n = 282) included: anthropometric, blood pressure, echocardiographic, electrocardiographic, carotid arteries, kidney and thyroid ultrasound examinations, as well as respiratory, dental and masticatory system, orthopaedic, psychological and psychiatric assessment. Blood and urine tests were also performed. The results of anthropometric examinations from the SOPKARD-Junior and OLAF programmes were used for comparative analysis. RESULTS: Statistically significant (p < 0.001) differences between young people from Sopot and their peers in the general Polish population were found in height (+3.61 cm for boys), body mass (+5.19 kg for boys and +3.99 kg for girls), body mass index (+0.99 kg/m2 for boys and +1.33 kg/m2 for girls), waist circumference (+4.52 cm for boys and +4.52 cm for girls) and hip circumference (+2.51 cm for boys). The highest attendance rate was achieved for examinations performed in school (e.g. anthropometric and blood pressure measurements - n = 268; 95%) and the lowest for the echocardiograpy performed in local hospital (n = 133; 47%). The mean score of the programme quality (scale 1-6) assessed by children was 4.63. CONCLUSIONS: The SOPKARD-Junior programme represents an attempt to develop a model of screening assessments for teenagers in Poland. Preliminary results of the SOPKARD-Junior programme indicate small differences in the biological development of Sopot youth in comparison with their peers from Polish population of the OLAF programme. The high attendance rate on research conducted at the school indicate that proposed health examinations in adolescents are acceptable and feasible.

[Bacteriological spectrum of periodontal pocket in patients with coronary heart disease and myocardial infarction]. / Spektrum bakteriologiczne kieszonki przyzebnej u osób z choroba wiencowa i po zawale serca.

INTRODUCTION: In the last years literature has paid attention to positive correlation between periodontitis and coronary heart disease, acute coronary events, including myocardial infarction. Mechanisms of this relationship are not completely known. One of the research trends for elucidation of these problems are bacteriological studies. The aim of this study was qualitative and quantitative evaluation of bacterial flora of the periodontal pocket in patients with coronary heart disease and myocardial infarction, with co-existing periodontitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The research included 40 patients, hospitalised in 1st Clinic of Cardiology, Medical University in Gdansk. Group 1 included 20 patients after myocardial infarction, group 2 of 20 patients with diagnosed coronary heart disease, with many years duration without acute events. Control group encompassed 20 patients of Chair and Department of Periodontology and Oral Mucosa Diseases, Medical University in Gdansk, without cardiovascular diseases. Inclusion criterion for the study was diagnosed chronic periodontitis in all patients. In clinical evaluation indices: API, SBI, PD and CAL were used. The material for bacteriological research was taken in each patient from 4 periodontal pockets, minimum 5 mm depth. The culture and identification were performed with present principles. Based on the litearture data about potential pathogenicity for periodontium and cardiovascular system, species for analyse were chosen. RESULTS: Statistical analyse proved equality of evaluated groups and control group in gender, age and estimated clinical indices. In periodontal pockets all patients anaerobic flora dominated, however without significiant differences in species range. Among microaerophilia and streptococci statistical analyse showed significiant differences in frequency of isolation of Actinobacillus actinomycetescomitans and Streptococcus sanguis in group 1 in comparision to group 2 and control group. Quantitative analyse showed no significiant differences between groups for all bacteria species. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical evaluation showed comparable values of periodontal parameters. The bacteria species Porphyromonas gingivalis, Actinobacillus actinomycetescomitans and Streptococcus sanguis were more often isolated from periodontal pockets in persons after myocardial infarction, statistically significant for A.a. and S.s.

[Clinical and mycological examinations of oral mucosa in cyclosporine A treated patients after renal transplantation]. / Badania kliniczne i mikologiczne blony sluzowej jamy ustnej u pacjentów po przeszczepieniu nerki leczonych cyklosporyna A.

Cyclosporine A (CsA) is one of the basic and often used immunosuppressive agents. It is used to prevent rejection of allogenic transplants and to cure many diseases with autoimmunological components. The development of transplantology and frequent presence of autoaggressive disorders causes increased use of CsA, which intensifies problem of side-effects. Gingival overgrowth, oral mucosa pathologies related with bacterial, viral and fungal infections and neoplasma are described as most frequent side-effects of cyclosporine A in the oral cavity. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of presence of different types of oral mucosa lesions in cyclosporine A-treated patients after renal transplantation. Thirty renal transplant recipients aged 11-64 years (including 13 females and 17 males) with cyclosporine treatment period from 6 months to 10 years were examined. Pathological changes on the oral mucosa were noted in 18 patients (60%). The fungal infections were the most often observed pathology (46.7% of examined persons). In mycological tests Candida albicans was most often isolated. Other species: C. kefyr, C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis were also found. In 4 cases cheilitis angularis was additionally diagnosed. In 16.7% of CsA-treated patients, pathological changes of epithelium with homogenic leucoplakia features were observed. Hypertrophic lesions of oral mucosa in 10% of cases and many small erosions of inflamed mucosa of hard palate in 1 case were also noted. Our observations show connection between incidence of oral mucosa pathologies and immunosuppressive treatment. This suggests that interdisciplinary cooperation is necessary for early start of prevention and treatment program.

[Periodontitis and cardiovascular diseases--review of publications]. / Zapalenie przyzebia a choroby ukladu sercowo-naczyniowego--przeglad pismiennictwa.

Nowadays periodontal diseases are treated as a one of a social diseases. The main consequences of them are: premature teeth loss and possibility of inducing, aggravating and modifying many systemic disorders, such as endo- and myocarditis, glomerulonephritis, iriditis, retinitis, rheumatic polyarthritis. The scientific data performed in the last 10 years indicate links between periodontitis and atheromatosis, coronary heart disease and acute coronary events, including myocardial infarction. In this study reported was the epidemiological dependences between periodontal and cardiovascular diseases. There were described hypotheses of negative influence of periodontal foci on induction and progression of inflammation in coronary vessel walls and destabilisation of atheromatous plaques, also was included theory of direct bacterial invasion and cytokine theory. There were shown results of studies which proved the presence of genetic material of main periodontal bacterial pathogens, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia, in atheromatous plaques in coronary arteries. There were noted other potential mechanisms of induction of acute coronary events connected with platelet aggregation induced by specific proteins secreted by Streptococcus sanguis and the role of Helicobacter pylori infection, the bacteria from periodontal pockets that is presently more often isolated. Analysing these data it was concluded, that the co-operation between cardiologists and dentists, especially the periodontologists, is necessary during the treatment of coronary heart disease. Periodontal therapy should be included as an additional element of cardiological therapy. Education of patients is also very important for prophylaxis of cardiovascular diseases.

[Periodontal and dental state of patients with coronary heart disease]. / Stan przyzebia i uzebienia pacjentów z choroba niedokrwienna serca.

INTRODUCTION: Nowadays periodontitis--etiologically linked with bacterial flora, mainly anaerobic--is very often pointed out as one of potential risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD) and myocardial infarction. Only few Polish publications on this subject are available. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency and degree of advancement of periodontitis among patients with CHD and after myocardial infarction, hospitalized in I Clinic of Cardiology, Medical University in Gdansk, Poland. Simultaneously an attempt to answer the question, if periodontitis can be a potential risk factor for CHD and myocardial infarction in Poland's population. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 104 patients, aged 43-80 (average 60 years) were examined--57 persons after myocardial infarction (group I) and 47 persons with CHD without acute events (group II). Anamnesis and clinical examination using WHO recommended parameters (API, SBI, PD, CAL, CPITN) were performed. RESULTS: In 82.4% patients of group I and 72.2% of group II periodontitis was diagnosed. This percentage was significantly higher in comparison with general population. Advancement of destructive lesions suggests long duration of disease and it's possible negative influence on general health status. The results indicate possible link between periodontal infection's foci and CHD, and also show, that education, prevalence and treatment program for this population should be created.