RESUMO
There is a well-established relation between anxiety psychopathology and smoking in the general population. However, little work focuses on Latinx/Hispanic (hereafter Latinx) persons who smoke from this comorbidity perspective. The present investigation aimed to explore differences among English-speaking Latinx adults who live in the United States (US) and smoke cigarettes with and without a probable anxiety disorder in terms of cigarette dependence, perceived barriers for quitting, severity of problems when quitting, and smoking abstinence expectancies. The sample included 338 adult Latinx daily cigarette smokers (Mage = 35.53 years; SD = 8.65; age range 18-61; 37.3% female) who identified as Latinx and were recruited nationally throughout the US. Results indicated that among Latinx persons who smoke, those with a probable anxiety disorder (compared to those without) were more likely to demonstrate higher levels of cigarette dependence, severity of problems when trying to quit, perceived barriers for quitting, and negative abstinence expectancies after adjusting for key variables linked to smoking and anxiety (e.g., hazardous drinking, education). The current findings are the first to document probable anxiety disorder status as a clinically relevant factor for a wide range of smoking variables and beliefs about abstinence among Latinx persons who smoke.
Assuntos
Transtornos de Ansiedade , Abandono do Hábito de Fumar , Fumar , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Hispânico ou Latino , Fumantes , Estados UnidosRESUMO
Hispanic/Latinx (hereafter Latinx) smokers in the United States (US) experience unique smoking cessation-related challenges. Smoking outcome expectancies (i.e., positive and negative beliefs about the consequences of smoking behavior) have been linked to the maintenance of smoking and comorbidity with negative emotional states such as anxiety among Latinx smokers. However, past work has not characterized rates of probable anxiety disorder and elevated levels of anxiety sensitivity among English-speaking daily Latinx smokers from the United States or concurrently evaluated the explanatory relevance of anxiety symptoms and anxiety sensitivity for negative and positive smoking outcome expectancies. The present investigation sought to (a) determine the base rate of probable anxiety disorder and elevated anxiety sensitivity and (b) explore the unique roles of anxiety symptoms and anxiety sensitivity in relation to negative and positive smoking outcome expectancies. Participants included 338 English-speaking Latinx adult daily cigarette smokers from the United States (Mage = 35.53 years; SD = 8.65; age range 18-61; 37.3% female). Findings revealed high rates of probable anxiety disorder (50.9%) and elevated anxiety sensitivity (73.4%) among English-speaking Latinx smokers from the United States. Anxiety sensitivity, but not anxiety symptoms or disorders, was significantly related to negative consequences, negative reinforcement, positive reinforcement, and appetite/weight control smoking outcome expectancies. Overall, anxiety experiences were common among Latinx smokers, and anxiety sensitivity was a relatively more consistent and robust predictor of negative and positive outcome expectancies relative to anxiety symptoms and probable anxiety disorder. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
Assuntos
Fumantes , Fumar , Adulto , Humanos , Feminino , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Masculino , Fumantes/psicologia , Fumar/epidemiologia , Fumar/psicologia , Fumar Tabaco , Transtornos de Ansiedade/psicologia , Hispânico ou Latino/psicologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The novel 2019 SARS2-Coronavirus (COVID-19) has had a devastating physical health, mental health, and economic impact, causing millions of infections and hundreds of thousands of deaths. While COVID-19 has impacted the entire world, COVID-19 has disproportionately impacted low-income countries, particularly in South America, causing not only increased mortality but also increased associated mental health complaints. Anxiety sensitivity (AS), reflecting fear of anxiety-related physical sensations, may be particularly important to understand COVID-19 mental health effects among Latinx individuals in South America (Argentina). Past work suggests that Latinx individuals report greater somatization of mental health symptoms, and AS has been specifically linked to greater mental health symptoms. Yet, to date, no work has examined AS as a vulnerability factor for the negative mental health effects of COVID-19. METHOD: Therefore, the current manuscript examined the association of AS with COVID-19 worry, functional impairment, anxiety, and symptom severity across two samples of adults in Argentina: a community sample (n = 105, M age = 38.58, SD = 14.07, 69.5% female) and a clinical sample comprised of individuals with an anxiety disorder (n = 99, M age = 34.99, SD = 10.83, 66.7% female). RESULTS: Results from the current study provide support for AS as a potential vulnerability factor for COVID-19-related mental health problems across both samples, and these effects were evident over and above the variance accounted for by age, sex, pre-existing medical conditions, and COVID-19 exposure. CONCLUSIONS: These data identify AS as a potential intervention target to reduce COVID-19 mental health burden among adults in Argentina.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Latinx young adults in college (ages 18-25 years) are at a heightened risk for health disparities and there is a need to understand individual-based characteristics that are related to such health inequalities including anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbances. The cross-sectional current study investigated the role of worry in relation to anxious arousal, social anxiety, general depression, and insomnia among Latinx college students. Participants/Method: Participants included 401 (Mage = 21 years; SD =2.01; 83% female) Latinx students at a large, southwestern university. Results: Results indicated that greater levels of worry were related to increased levels of anxious arousal, social anxiety, general depression, and insomnia. These findings were evident above and beyond variance accounted for by age, sex, and subjective social status. Conclusions: The current investigation suggests that elevated levels of worry among Latinx young adults may be associated with greater levels of anxiety, depression, and insomnia.
Assuntos
Distúrbios do Início e da Manutenção do Sono , Adolescente , Adulto , Ansiedade , Nível de Alerta , Estudos Transversais , Depressão/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Estudantes , Universidades , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Latinx individuals demonstrate significant pain-related health disparities compared to other racial/ethnic groups. Moreover, young adulthood (18-25 years of age) is a primary developmental window wherein pain-related health problems are first encountered and may be related to more severe somatic and mental health symptoms. Pain-related anxiety may be one mechanistic construct linking individual differences in the experience of pain intensity to poorer somatic experiences and mental health among Latinx young adults. Thus, the current study examined pain-related anxiety as an explanatory factor underlying the relationship between pain intensity and body vigilance, perceptions of health, worry, anxious arousal, and depressive symptoms among Latinx young adults. Participants included 401 Latinx young adults (Mage = 21 years; SD = 2.02; age range: 18-25 years; 83% female) at a large, southwestern university. Results revealed that individual differences in pain intensity had a significant indirect effect on the studied somatic and negative affect variables through pain-related anxiety. These novel findings suggest future work should continue to explore pain-related anxiety in the association between the experience of pain and somatic and mental health among Latinx young adults.
Assuntos
Ansiedade/etnologia , Hispânico ou Latino/psicologia , Sintomas Inexplicáveis , Transtornos Mentais/etnologia , Dor/etnologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Hispânico ou Latino/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Masculino , Dor/fisiopatologia , Dor/psicologia , Sudoeste dos Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , Universidades , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Latinx young adults in college (ages 18-25 years) are at an elevated risk for somatic and mental health disparities. Although the experience of pain is among the most common health complaints among Latinx young adults, there is no scientific information about how cognitive-based responses to pain relate to somatic vigilance and mental health among this group. The current study therefore investigated the explanatory role of pain-related anxiety (worry about negative consequences of pain) in terms of body vigilance, worry, anxious arousal, and general depression among Latinx young adults. Participants were Latinx college students (Mage = 21 years; SD = 2.02; 83% female) at a large, southwestern university. Results indicated that greater levels of pain-related anxiety were associated with significantly greater bodily vigilance, worry, anxious arousal, and general depression after adjusting for age, gender, physical functioning, subjective social status, and pain intensity. The current investigation suggests that Latinx young adults who experience elevated levels of pain-related anxiety may be at greater risk for somatic hypervigilance and negative affect symptoms. Therefore, reducing pain-related anxiety among Latinx young adults may be an important therapeutic strategy in efforts to reduce somatic and mental health disparities among this group.
Assuntos
Transtornos de Ansiedade/etnologia , Transtornos de Ansiedade/psicologia , Hispânico ou Latino/psicologia , Dor/etnologia , Dor/psicologia , Estresse Psicológico/etnologia , Estudantes/psicologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estados Unidos/etnologia , Universidades , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Latinx are one of the largest and most rapidly growing segments of the United States (U.S.) population that is significantly impacted by health disparities, including somatic health problems. Young Latinx adults (ages 18-25 years) are at a greater risk for being affected by such health inequalities and there is a need to understand individual-based differences that may contribute to and maintain somatic symptoms, including pain experience, pain beliefs, and perceptions of health. Thus, the current study investigated the explanatory role of worry in association between pain intensity, pain disability, pain-related anxiety, and perceived health among Latinx college students. Participants included 401 (Mage = 21 years; SD = 2.02; 83% female) Latinx students at a large, southwestern university. Results indicated that greater levels of worry were related to increased levels of pain intensity, pain disability, pain-related anxiety, and lower levels of perceived health. These findings were evident above and beyond variance accounted for by gender, age, physical functioning, and subjective social status. Overall, the results from the present investigation suggest that there is greater risk for more severe pain experiences, maladaptive beliefs regarding pain, and worse perceptions of health status among Latinx young adults who experience elevated levels of worry.
Assuntos
Ansiedade/etnologia , Autoavaliação Diagnóstica , Hispânico ou Latino/psicologia , Dor/etnologia , Dor/psicologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Disparidades nos Níveis de Saúde , Hispânico ou Latino/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Masculino , Sudoeste dos Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , Estudantes/psicologia , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Universidades , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The present study examined the role of anxiety sensitivity (AS; fear of the negative consequences of anxiety) in the relation between perceived racial discrimination and pain-related problems among Latinos seeking health services at a Federally Qualified Health Center. Participants included 145 adult Latinos (87.80% female, Mage = 38.07 years, SD = 11.98, and 96.2% reported Spanish as their first language). Results indicated that perceived racial discrimination was indirectly related to the pain intensity and pain disability through AS. These effects were evident above and beyond the variance accounted for by gender, age, marital status, educational status, employment status, years living in the United States, and number of axis I diagnoses. Overall, the present findings highlight the merit in focusing further scientific attention on the interplay between perceived racial discrimination and AS to better understand and inform interventions to reduce pain problems among Latinos in primary care.
Assuntos
Ansiedade/etnologia , Dor Crônica/etnologia , Dor Crônica/psicologia , Pessoas com Deficiência/psicologia , Hispânico ou Latino/psicologia , Racismo/psicologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Depressão/etnologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Percepção da Dor , Percepção , Atenção Primária à Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Provedores de Redes de Segurança/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores Sexuais , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , Populações Vulneráveis/psicologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Rates of suicide and major depressive disorder (MDD) are currently at the highest point in the history of the United States (US). However, these rates are not distributed evenly among the population and Latinos show disproportionately high rates of both suicide and MDD. Yet, past research has infrequently explored factors related to suicide and MDD in primary care settings that serve as the major community portal for mental health among the Latino population. Thus, the current study investigated sociodemographic variables (marital status, nativity, education, employment, primary language, age, and gender) in terms of their relations with suicidal ideation, suicide risk, MDD, and MDD symptom severity among Latino primary care patients in a Federally Qualified Health Center (N = 634, M age = 39.46, SD = 11.46, 87.1% female). Results indicated that gender and Nativity were associated with suicidal ideation, older age was associated with suicide risk, and higher education and having a partner were negatively associated with MDD and depressive symptom severity. These results provide novel insight into the role of sociodemographic factors predicting suicide and MDD among Latinos in primary care, and suggest greater scientific and clinical attention can be focused on certain sociodemographic factors to offset mental health disparities among this group.
Assuntos
Transtorno Depressivo Maior/etnologia , Hispânico ou Latino/psicologia , Ideação Suicida , Suicídio/etnologia , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/psicologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Sexuais , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Suicídio/psicologiaRESUMO
Latinos face striking physical and mental health disparities. One factor associated with such disparities is subjective social status, reflecting subjective ratings of social standing. Yet there is presently a lack of empirical information about the mechanisms underlying relations between subjective social status and anxiety and depressive symptoms and disorders among Latinos in community medical services that serve as focal catchment areas for assessment and intervention programming. The present investigation examined the unique explanatory roles of 2 transdiagnostic factors, rumination and anxiety sensitivity, in the relation between subjective social status and depressive, suicidal, social anxiety, and anxious arousal symptoms as well as anxiety/depressive disorders, among Latinos seeking health services at a primary health care facility. Participants included 253 Latino adults with annual incomes of less than $30,000 (M age = 39.1, SD = 11.1). Results indicated that rumination and anxiety sensitivity each significantly (independently) mediated associations between subjective social status and all dependent variables except suicidal symptoms. For suicidal symptoms, only rumination was a mediator. The present findings suggest that rumination and anxiety sensitivity may represent mechanisms for associations between subjective social status and anxiety and depressive symptoms and disorders among economically disadvantaged Latinos in primary care settings. (PsycINFO Database Record
Assuntos
Transtornos de Ansiedade/diagnóstico , Hispânico ou Latino/estatística & dados numéricos , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Ruminação Cognitiva , Classe Social , Adulto , Transtornos de Ansiedade/etnologia , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica Breve , Depressão/diagnóstico , Depressão/etnologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Inquéritos e Questionários , Populações VulneráveisRESUMO
The present study examined the role of anxiety sensitivity in the relation between acculturative stress and mood and anxiety symptoms and disorders among Latinos seeking health services at a primary healthcare facility. Participants included 142 adult Latinos (86.6% female, Mage = 39.05 years, SD = 12.46%, and 96.3% reported Spanish as their first language). Results indicated that acculturative stress was indirectly related to the number of mood and anxiety disorders, anxious arousal, social anxiety, and depressive symptoms through anxiety sensitivity. The observed effects were evident above and beyond the variance accounted for by gender, age, marital status, educational status, employment status, years living in the United States, and negative affectivity. Overall, the present findings suggest that there is merit in focusing further scientific attention on the interplay between acculturative stress and anxiety sensitivity to better understand and inform interventions to reduce anxiety/depressive vulnerability among Latinos in primary care.
Assuntos
Ansiedade/economia , Ansiedade/psicologia , Hispânico ou Latino/psicologia , Saúde Mental/economia , Atenção Primária à Saúde/economia , Populações Vulneráveis/psicologia , Adulto , Ansiedade/etnologia , Estudos Transversais , Medo/psicologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Saúde Mental/etnologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Autorrelato , Estresse Psicológico/economia , Estresse Psicológico/etnologia , Estresse Psicológico/psicologia , Populações Vulneráveis/etnologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The present investigation examined the interactive effects of subjective social status and rumination in relation to anxiety/depressive symptoms and psychopathology among 276 Latinos (82% female; Mage = 39.2, SD = 11.1; 97.0% reported Spanish as first language) who attended a community-based primary health care clinic. Results indicated that the interaction between rumination and subjective social status was significantly associated with depression (B = -.04, t = -3.52, p < .001, 95% CI [-.06, -.02]), social anxiety (B = -.01, t = -3.84, p < .001, 95% CI [-.02, -.01]), and the number of mood and anxiety disorders (B = -.004, t = -2.80, p = .005, 95% CI [-.006, -.001]), after controlling for main effects of rumination and subjective social status. The form of the interactions suggested that the associations of rumination and the outcome variables were stronger for those with lower compared to higher subjective social status. For anxious arousal symptoms, however, there was not a statistically significant interaction. These findings underscore the potential importance of examining the interplay between rumination and subjective social status in regard to better understanding, and intervening to reduce, various forms of anxiety/depressive symptoms and disorders among Latinos in primary care settings. (PsycINFO Database Record
Assuntos
Transtornos de Ansiedade/fisiopatologia , Transtorno Depressivo/fisiopatologia , Hispânico ou Latino/estatística & dados numéricos , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Classe Social , Adulto , Transtornos de Ansiedade/diagnóstico , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica Breve , Transtorno Depressivo/diagnóstico , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pobreza , Sudoeste dos Estados UnidosRESUMO
There is limited understanding of pain and its relationship to mental health in Latinos, and limited knowledge about the biobehavioral mechanisms that underlie pain-mental health interrelations. To address these gaps, the present investigation sought to address whether anxiety sensitivity explained relations between pain intensity and anxious arousal, depressive symptoms, social anxiety, and depressive and anxiety disorders among an economically disadvantaged Latino sample. Participants included 349 adult Latinos (88% women; Mage = 38.8) who attended a community-based primary health care. In the multiple mediation model, anxiety sensitivity physical concerns accounted for the association between pain intensity and anxious arousal symptoms, cognitive concerns accounted for the association between pain intensity and depressive symptoms, and social concerns accounted for the association between pain intensity and social anxiety symptoms. This is the first study to demonstrate the explanatory role of anxiety sensitivity in pain-affective associations among disadvantaged Latinos.
Assuntos
Transtornos de Ansiedade/etnologia , Ansiedade/etnologia , Depressão/etnologia , Transtorno Depressivo/etnologia , Hispânico ou Latino/psicologia , Dor/etnologia , Populações Vulneráveis/etnologia , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Texas/etnologiaRESUMO
Latinos are subject to numerous health inequalities, including mental health disparity for anxiety and its disorders. In fact, there is strikingly little understanding of transdiagnostic risk factors for the onset and development of anxiety symptoms and disorders among Latinos. To build knowledge in this domain, the present investigation examined the interactive effects of experiential avoidance and pain intensity in relation to anxious arousal, social anxiety, and anxiety disorders among 361 Latino adults with annual incomes of less than $30,000 (87.5% female; Mage=38.8, SD=11.4, and 98.5% used Spanish as their first language) who attended a community-based primary healthcare clinic. As hypothesized, the interaction between experiential avoidance and pain intensity was significantly related to anxious arousal, social anxiety, and a number of anxiety disorders over and above the effects of other factors. The form of the significant interactions indicated that participants reporting co-occurring higher levels of experiential avoidance and pain intensity evinced the greatest levels of anxious arousal, social anxiety, and anxiety disorders. These data provide novel empirical evidence suggesting that there is clinically-relevant interplay between experiential avoidance and pain intensity in regard to a relatively wide array of anxiety problems among Latinos in a primary care medical setting.
Assuntos
Transtornos de Ansiedade/etnologia , Transtornos de Ansiedade/etiologia , Serviços de Saúde Comunitária , Hispânico ou Latino/psicologia , Dor/etnologia , Dor/fisiopatologia , Pobreza/etnologia , Pobreza/psicologia , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Adolescente , Adulto , Nível de Alerta , Medo , Feminino , Disparidades nos Níveis de Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Texas , Populações Vulneráveis , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Although pain severity is often related to poorer mental health and is one of the most common presenting complaints in community health care settings, there is little understanding of the pain experience in relation to anxiety/depressive symptoms and disorders among Latino populations in medical contexts. METHOD: To address this gap, the current study explored an interactive model of pain severity and emotion dysregulation in relation to anxiety/depressive symptoms and psychopathology among 274 Latinos who attended a community-based primary health care clinic [86.9% female; Mage=39.3 (SD=11.2); 96.0% indicated Spanish as their first language]. RESULTS: Results indicated a statistically significant interaction between pain severity and emotion dysregulation for suicidal symptoms, social anxiety symptoms and number of mood/anxiety disorders, such that more severe pain and greater levels of emotion dysregulation related to poorer mental health. Both pain severity and emotion dysregulation were significant predictors of depressive symptoms, but only pain severity was a significant predictor of anxious arousal symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: These novel findings suggest a clinically significant interplay between pain severity and emotion dysregulation among Latinos in. The results are discussed in relation to the need for new screening and intervention tactics that address interrelations between pain severity and emotional dysregulation among Latinos seeking treatment in community health-care-based settings.
Assuntos
Sintomas Afetivos/etnologia , Ansiedade/etnologia , Depressão/etnologia , Hispânico ou Latino/estatística & dados numéricos , Dor/etnologia , Fobia Social/etnologia , Suicídio/etnologia , Adulto , Serviços de Saúde Comunitária/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Adulto JovemRESUMO
From a public health perspective, primary care medical settings represent a strategic location to address mental health disapirty among Latinos. Yet, there is little empirical work that addresses affective vulnerability processes for mental health problems in such settings. To help address this gap in knowledge, the present investigation examined an interactive model of negative affectivity (tendency to experience negative mood states) and anxiety sensitivity (fear of the negative consequences of aversive sensations) among a Latino sample in primary care in terms of a relatively wide range of anxiety/depression indices. Participants included 390 Latino adults (Mage=38.7, SD=11.3; 86.9% female; 95.6% reported Spanish as first language) from a primary care health clinic. Primary dependent measures included depressive, suicidal, social anxiety, and anxious arousal symptoms, number of mood and anxiety disorders, and disability. Consistent with prediction, the interaction between negative affectivity and anxiety sensitivity was significantly related to suicidal, social anxiety, and anxious arousal symptoms, as well as number of mood/anxiety diagnoses and disability among the primary care Latino sample. The form of the interactions indicated a synergistic effect, such that the greatest levels of each outcome were found among those with high negative affectivity and high anxiety sensitivity. There was a trending interaction for depressive symptoms. Overall, these data provide novel empirical evidence suggesting that there is a clinically-relevant interplay between anxiety sensitivity and negative affectivity in regard to the expression of anxiety and depressive symptoms among a Latino primary care sample.
Assuntos
Sintomas Afetivos/psicologia , Ansiedade/psicologia , Hispânico ou Latino/psicologia , Saúde Mental , Pessimismo/psicologia , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Adulto , Sintomas Afetivos/epidemiologia , Sintomas Afetivos/terapia , Ansiedade/epidemiologia , Ansiedade/terapia , Estudos Transversais , Depressão/epidemiologia , Depressão/psicologia , Depressão/terapia , Medo/psicologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Atenção Primária à Saúde/métodosRESUMO
The present investigation examined the interactive effects of rumination and negative affectivity in relation to anxiety and depressive symptoms and psychopathology among 245 Latino adults (M age = 39.7, SD = 11.4; 86.9 % female; 97.6 % reported Spanish as their first language) attending a community-based primary healthcare clinic. As expected, there was a significant interaction between rumination and negative affectivity for depressive, suicidal, social anxiety, anxious arousal symptoms, number of mood and anxiety disorders, and disability among the primary care Latino sample. Inspection of the interaction forms indicated a high degree of conceptual similarity. Specifically, rumination was related to greater levels of suicidal symptoms, social anxiety, anxious arousal, number of mood and anxiety disorders, and disability among individuals with higher, but not lower, levels of negative affectivity. The form of the interaction for depressive symptoms was in line with this pattern, but more extreme; rumination was related to greater levels of depressive symptoms among individuals with both higher and lower levels of negative affectivity. Together, these data provide novel empirical evidence suggesting that there is clinically relevant interplay between rumination and negative affectivity in regard to a relatively wide array of anxiety and depressive variables among Latinos in a primary care medical setting.
Assuntos
Hispânico ou Latino , Saúde Mental/etnologia , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Ruminação Cognitiva , Adulto , Ansiedade , Depressão , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Latinos are the largest and most rapidly growing racial/ethnic group in the United States. In Latino communities, alcohol is the most widely abused substance, yet there is little empirical understanding of the factors underlying problematic alcohol use among Latinos. The current study explored whether negative affectivity exerted an indirect effect via emotion dysregulation in relation to two alcohol-related outcomes. METHODS: Participants were 316 Latinos attending a community-based primary care facility (Mage = 39.3, SD = 11.3; 85.4% female; 95.3% first language Spanish), who completed a variety of self-report and interview measures. Mediation analyses evaluated the indirect effect of negative affectivity via emotion dysregulation on problematic drinking and symptoms of alcohol dependence. RESULTS: While there was no direct or total effect of negative affectivity on either alcohol-related outcome, negative affectivity was significantly associated with both problematic alcohol use and symptoms of dependence via emotion dysregulation. Effect sizes were in the medium range, K(2) = .09 and .10, respectively. Post-hoc multiple mediation analyses evaluated subfactors of emotion dysregulation as mediators of the negative affectivity-alcohol associations. These results suggested that difficulties engaging in goal-directed behavior might be particularly important in explaining the association between negative affectivity and problematic alcohol use/symptoms of dependence. Last, independent mediation analyses evaluated emotion dysregulation subfactors and found that limited access to effective emotion regulation strategies and difficulties engaging in goal-directed behavior were, independently, significant mediators for both outcomes. Nonacceptance of emotional responses may also mediate negative affectivity and problematic drinking. Surprisingly, impulse control difficulties was not a significant mediator in any model. CONCLUSIONS: These data provide novel insight that among Latinos in primary care, emotion dysregulation is a possible mechanism underlying the indirect relationship between negative affectivity and problematic alcohol use and symptoms of dependence. Results also highlight specific facets of emotion dysregulation as potential targets of intervention. Future research should be longitudinal in nature, be conducted among more representative samples, and utilize measures that will better assess the potential variability in these associations. Results of such work may inform the development of alcohol treatment interventions incorporating the use of adaptive emotion regulation among Latinos in primary care.
Assuntos
Sintomas Afetivos/epidemiologia , Alcoolismo/psicologia , Adulto , Alcoolismo/epidemiologia , Diagnóstico Duplo (Psiquiatria) , Feminino , Hispânico ou Latino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Atenção Primária à SaúdeRESUMO
The present investigation examined the interactive effects of anxiety sensitivity and mindful attention in relation to anxiety and depressive symptoms and psychopathology among 145 adult Latinos (85.5% female; Mage=39.9, SD=10.8 and 98.6% used Spanish as their first language) who attended a community-based primary healthcare clinic. As expected, the interaction between anxiety sensitivity and mindful attention was significantly related to number of mood and anxiety disorders, social anxiety, and depressive symptoms. No significant interaction, however, was evident for panic (anxious arousal) symptoms. The form of the significant interaction indicated that Latinos reporting co-occurring higher levels of anxiety sensitivity and lower levels of mindful attention evinced the greatest levels of anxiety/depressive psychopathology, social anxiety, and depressive symptoms. These data provide novel empirical evidence suggesting that there is clinically-relevant interplay between anxiety sensitivity and mindful attention in regard to a relatively wide array of anxiety and depressive variables among Latinos in a primary care medical setting.
Assuntos
Transtornos de Ansiedade/etnologia , Transtornos de Ansiedade/psicologia , Transtorno Depressivo/etnologia , Transtorno Depressivo/psicologia , Hispânico ou Latino/psicologia , Atenção Plena , Adulto , Transtornos de Ansiedade/diagnóstico , Atenção , Comorbidade , Transtorno Depressivo/diagnóstico , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Atenção Primária à SaúdeRESUMO
The present investigation examined the interactive effects of anxiety sensitivity and subjective social status in relation to anxiety and depressive symptoms and psychopathology among 143 Latinos (85.7% female; Mage=39.0, SD=10.9; 97.2% used Spanish as their first language) who attended a community-based primary healthcare clinic. Results indicated that the interaction between anxiety sensitivity and subjective social status was significantly associated with number of mood and anxiety disorders, panic, social anxiety, and depressive symptoms. The form of the significant interactions indicated that individuals reporting co-occurring higher levels of anxiety sensitivity and lower levels of subjective social status evidenced the greatest levels of psychopathology and panic, social anxiety, and depressive symptoms. The present findings suggest that there is merit in focusing further scientific attention on the interplay between anxiety sensitivity and subjective social status in regard to understanding, and thus, better intervening to reduce anxiety/depressive vulnerability among Latinos in primary care.