Adiponectin promoter polymorphisms are predictors of lipid profile improvement after bariatric surgery

Abstract Our aim was to investigate if single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in the 5′ regions of leptin (LEP, -2548 G > A, rs7799039), resistin (RETN, -420 C > G, rs1862513) and adiponectin (ADIPOQ, -11391 G > A, rs17300539 and -11377 C > G, rs266729) genes were related to changes in body mass index (BMI) and metabolic variables after bariatric surgery in 60 extremely obese individuals. At baseline, ADIPOQ -11391 A-allele carriers showed higher plasma adiponectin and lower total cholesterol levels when compared to G/G homozygotes. Approximately 32 months post-surgery, a mean reduction of 35% in BMI and an important improvement in metabolic profiles were observed. In addition, for the ADIPOQ -11377 polymorphism, a higher decrease in lipid profile was associated to the C/C genotype. Moreover, individuals bearing the A-C haplotype for the two ADIPOQ SNPs were more prone to show a reduction in low-density lipoprotein levels after bariatric surgery (-43.0% A-C carriers vs. -18.1% G-G carriers, p = 0.019). We did not find any association of leptin and resistin SNPs with the clinical parameters analyzed. In summary, our results indicate that the A-C haplotype is a predictor of better lipid profile post-surgery and the studied SNPs in ADIPOQ gene are associated to changes in metabolic variables in obese individuals.

Adiponectin promoter polymorphisms are predictors of lipid profile improvement after bariatric surgery.

Our aim was to investigate if single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in the 5' regions of leptin (LEP, -2548 G > A, rs7799039), resistin (RETN, -420 C > G, rs1862513) and adiponectin (ADIPOQ, -11391 G > A, rs17300539 and -11377 C > G, rs266729) genes were related to changes in body mass index (BMI) and metabolic variables after bariatric surgery in 60 extremely obese individuals. At baseline, ADIPOQ -11391 A-allele carriers showed higher plasma adiponectin and lower total cholesterol levels when compared to G/G homozygotes. Approximately 32 months post-surgery, a mean reduction of 35% in BMI and an important improvement in metabolic profiles were observed. In addition, for the ADIPOQ -11377 polymorphism, a higher decrease in lipid profile was associated to the C/C genotype. Moreover, individuals bearing the A-C haplotype for the two ADIPOQ SNPs were more prone to show a reduction in low-density lipoprotein levels after bariatric surgery (-43.0% A-C carriers vs. -18.1% G-G carriers, p = 0.019). We did not find any association of leptin and resistin SNPs with the clinical parameters analyzed. In summary, our results indicate that the A-C haplotype is a predictor of better lipid profile post-surgery and the studied SNPs in ADIPOQ gene are associated to changes in metabolic variables in obese individuals.

Adipokine Levels Versus Hepatic Histopathology in Bariatric Surgery Patients.

BACKGROUND: Obesity is a worldwide prevalent disease and is an underlying factor of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). It has been understood as a chronic inflammatory state, being associated with the production of adipokines. The aim of this study was to analyze the levels of adipokines in the serum, visceral, and subcutaneous fat and to compare them with hepatic histopathology in morbidly obese patients. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional observational study, which analyzed the findings of liver biopsy in patients undergoing bariatric surgery and who had performed analysis of adipokines mRNA expression (adiponectin-ADIPOQ, leptin-LEP, and resistin-RETN) in subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue and circulating adipokines in serum. Liver biopsies performed were evaluated according to Kleiner criteria. RESULTS: The study analyzed 25 patients undergoing bariatric surgery. The sample was composed exclusively of women. There was a predominance of NAFLD, with 21 patients (84%) with intrahepatic fat accumulation. Twelve patients presented non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Glycated hemoglobin levels (HbA1c) were elevated in NASH patients. ADIPOQ levels were directly correlated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels and inversely correlated with triglycerides and total cholesterol. LEP levels showed an inverse relationship with the degree of steatosis, and RETN levels showed an inverse relationship with fibrosis stages. CONCLUSION: Serum LEP levels were reduced in the presence of increased levels of intrahepatic fat, and serum levels of RETN were diminished in the presence of NASH. HbA1c levels were higher in the presence of NASH, indirectly reflecting insulin resistance. Moreover, ADIPOQ levels were related to blood lipid profile.

Effects of Campomanesia xanthocarpa on inflammatory processes, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction and lipid biomarkers in hypercholesterolemic individuals.

In Brazil, the edible plant Campomanesia xanthocarpa Berg. (Myrtaceae), popularly known as "guavirova," has been studied in hypercholesterolemic individuals. The present work investigated the effects of C. xanthocarpa on inflammatory processes, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction and lipid biomarkers in hypercholesterolemic individuals. A total of 156 individuals were selected in a double-blind fashion and randomly divided into two groups in accordance with the intervals used in the criteria for hypercholesterolemia: individuals with total cholesterol (TC) levels between 200 and 240 mg/dL (undesirable level individuals - UL) and individuals with TC levels >240 mg/dL (hypercholesterolemic individuals - HL). Both groups had a control group (CG), which received placebo treatment, an encapsulated excipient group (lactose) and an experimental group that received 500 mg (EG 500), 750 mg (EG 750) or 1000 mg (EG 1000) of encapsulated C. xanthocarpa. The inflammatory processes (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein - hs-CRP), oxidative stress (advanced oxidation protein products-AOPPs; ischemia-modified albumin-IMA), endothelial dysfunction (nitric oxide - NOx) and biochemical (TC, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein - HDL, low-density lipoproteins - LDL, and very low-density lipoprotein - VLDL) parameters were measured before and 90 days after the initiation of treatment. A significant decrease in TC and LDL levels was observed in HL individuals from the EG 500 group (reduction of 29 ± 3% and 41 ± 5% to levels before treatment) compared to the CG group individuals. A significant reduction in oxidative stress and inflammatory process components (reduction of 52 ± 11% in AOPPs, 32 ± 10% in IMA and 57 ± 7% in hs-CRP) and a significant increase in NOx (increase of 84 ± 27%) was observed in HL individuals in the EG 1000 group when compared to the CG group individuals. Treatment with encapsulated C. xanthocarpa reduced blood TC and LDL levels in hypercholesterolemic individuals. In addition to its effect on cholesterol levels, this plant reduced oxidative stress in hypercholesterolemic individuals and improved the levels of NOx.

[Mortality due to circulatory disorders and the evolution of family health in Brazil: an ecological study]. / Mortalidade por doenças circulatórias e evolução da saúde da família no Brasil: um estudo ecológico.

The scope of this study was to analyze deaths due to circulatory disorders in parallel with the evolution of the Family Health Strategy (FHS) in Brazil. It is an ecological and retrospective study based on the temporal evolution of the FHS and mortality rates due to circulatory disorders in Brazil. A description of the inhabitant x FHS coverage ratio and health indicators related to mortality due to circulatory disorders was carried out. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient test was used for the statistical association. There was a population increase of 15% in Brazil, evolution of 761% in the number of FHS units and 5% increase in mortality due to circulatory disorders. The population x FHS ratio rose from 52,838 (1998) to 7,084 (2006) people assisted by FHS units. North and northeast regions showed growth in mortality rates due to circulatory disorders and in 21 states (81%) there was a positive correlation between this mortality and FHS units (r: > 0.7; p < 0.01). Finally, the FHS is regarded as an important public health policy, which has achieved successful results in Brazil since its implementation. However, in general terms, its expansion has not influenced the reduction of mortality due to circulatory disorders, which is an indicator that has increased in the country.

Mortalidade por doenças circulatórias e evolução da saúde da família no Brasil: um estudo ecológico / Mortality due to circulatory disorders and the evolution of family health in Brazil: an ecological study

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a mortalidade por doenças circulatórias paralelamente à evolução da Estratégia Saúde da Família no Brasil. Estudo ecológico, retrospectivo, baseado na evolução temporal da ESF e nas taxas de mortalidade por doenças circulatórias no Brasil. Foi realizada uma descrição da razão de cobertura habitante x ESF e dos indicadores de saúde relacionados à mortalidade por doenças circulatórias. Para a associação estatística utilizou-se o teste de Correlação de Spearman. Houve aumento populacional no Brasil em 15%, evolução de 761% no número de ESF e 5% de aumento na mortalidade por doenças circulatórias. A razão população x ESF passou de 52.838 (1998) para 7.084 (2006) pessoas assistidas por ESF. As regiões norte e nordeste apresentaram crescimento nas taxas de mortalidade por doenças circulatórias e em 21 (81%) estados houve correlação positiva entre mortalidade por doenças circulatórias e ESF (r: > 0,7; p < 0,01). Por fim, considera-se a ESF uma importante política pública de saúde, tendo obtido resultados exitosos no Brasil desde a sua implementação. Entretanto, em um contexto geral, sua expansão não influenciou a redução da mortalidade por doenças circulatórias, tendo apresentado aumento deste indicador no país.

The scope of this study was to analyze deaths due to circulatory disorders in parallel with the evolution of the Family Health Strategy (FHS) in Brazil. It is an ecological and retrospective study based on the temporal evolution of the FHS and mortality rates due to circulatory disorders in Brazil. A description of the inhabitant x FHS coverage ratio and health indicators related to mortality due to circulatory disorders was carried out. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient test was used for the statistical association. There was a population increase of 15% in Brazil, evolution of 761% in the number of FHS units and 5% increase in mortality due to circulatory disorders. The population x FHS ratio rose from 52,838 (1998) to 7,084 (2006) people assisted by FHS units. North and northeast regions showed growth in mortality rates due to circulatory disorders and in 21 states (81%) there was a positive correlation between this mortality and FHS units (r: > 0.7; p < 0.01). Finally, the FHS is regarded as an important public health policy, which has achieved successful results in Brazil since its implementation. However, in general terms, its expansion has not influenced the reduction of mortality due to circulatory disorders, which is an indicator that has increased in the country.