Long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs) used to reduce the incidence of malaria in a municipal district of the Brazilian Amazon

Malaria is still the parasitic disease with the greatest worldwide impact. Recently in Brazil, almost all cases of the disease have been recorded in the Amazon region. The struggle against the vectors through insecticide treated nets associated with rapid diagnosis and treatment, is currently the main strategy. This study aimed to determine the protective effect of these devices on the incidence of malaria in one municipality in the Amazon, and was conducted with information from the Brazilian Ministry of Health and with the analysis of 10,050 slides of thick blood smears that were prepared and examined in loco. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to determine the normality of the data and the Mann-Whitney test was used for all comparisons of the analyzed variables. The significance level was set at p≤0.01. The results revealed a significant reduction in the number of malaria cases in all analyzed variables, including the species of the parasite, the level and type of infection, and the gender and age of the diagnosed individual (p˂0.01). These findings confirmed that these devices are an important tool for disease control, presenting a new variable in combating the disease in the studied population. Therefore, the use of insecticide-treated nets is recommended as a preventive measure and guidance to the population regarding the correct way to use this device is required to avoid problems such as the loss of naturally acquired immunity, reduction in the protective effect of the device and the development of resistance to the insecticide.

NÍVEL SOCIOECONÔMICO, ESTADO NUTRICIONAL E COORDENAÇÃO MOTORA GROSSA DE ESCOLARES COM 6 A 10 ANOS NA AMAZÔNIA / SOCIOECONOMIC LEVEL, NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND GROSS MOTOR COORDINATION OF SCHOOLCHILDREN WITH 6-10 YEARS IN AMAZONIAN

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar o nível socioeconômico, estado nutricional e a coordenação motora grossa entre escolares de 6-10 anos de diferentes bairros na cidade de Tucuruí-PA. 102 escolares de 6-10 anos de ambos os sexos foram separados da seguinte forma: feminino: Grupo Vila, n= 14 (7,3±0,8 anos de idade); Grupo Cidade, n= 32 (8,3± anos de idade) e masculino: Grupo Vila, n= 24 (8,3±1,06 anos de idade); Grupo Cidade, n= 32 (8,1±1,1 anos de idade) participaram do estudo. O protocolo Korperkoodinationtest fur Kinder (KTK) para coordenação motora grossa, o critério de classificação econômica Brasil e a classificação de Waterlowforam usados. O teste T de Student e U Mann-Whitney foram usados na análise estatística. O nível socioeconômico apresentou diferenças (p<0,05) onde "Grupo Vila", foi classificado na classe B1 e o "Grupo Cidade" classe D. Houve diferenças (p<0,05) entre os grupos somente para os testes de força entre meninos: Unipodal e agilidade; e meninas: agilidade, favoráveis aos "Grupos Vila". No estado nutricional, os "Grupos Vila" também apresentaram os melhores resultados (p<0,05) para meninos: massa/idade, estatura/idade, massa/estatura; e meninas: massa/idade e estatura/idade. Os "Grupos Vila" com melhores condições socioeconômicas apresentaram os melhores resultados tanto para o estado nutricional, como para a força em ambos os gêneros.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was compare the socioeconomic level, nutritional status and gross motor coordination of schoolchildren 6-10 years of different districts in the Tucuruı-PA city. 102 schoolchildren 6-10 years of both genres in different districts, namely: female: Villa Group, n = 14 (7.3 ± 0.8 years); City group, n = 32 (± 8.3 years) and male: Villa Group, n = 24 (8.3 ± 1.06 years); City group, n = 32 (8.1 ± 1.1 years) participated in this study. Korperkoodinationtest fur Kinder (KTK) protocol to evaluate the gross motor coordination, the Criterion of Economic Classification Brazil and the Waterlow classification were used. The Student's T and U Mann-Whitney tests were used for statistical analysis. The socioeconomic level showed differences (p <0.05) where "Villa Groups" with a class B1 and "City Groups" Class D. Differences (p <0.05) were only observed to strength tests between males: single leg and agility; and females: agility in favor of Vila Groups. In the nutritional status, "Vila Groups" also showed the best results (p <0.05) for males: mass/age, height/age, mass/height; and to females: weight/age; and height/age. The "Village Groups" with the best socioeconomic conditions, showed the best results for nutritional status and strength for males and females.