[Flow cytometry evaluation of the rhesus monkey cellular immunity following the Zaire ebolavirus (Filoviridae; Ebolavirus: Zaire ebolavirus) experimental infection].

INTRODUCTION: The outbreaks of the Zaire ebolavirus (ZE) disease (ZED) that have arisen in the last decade determine the need to study the infection pathogenesis, the formation of specific immunity forming as well as the development of effective preventive and therapeutic means. All stages of fight against the ZED spread require the experimental infection in sensitive laboratory animals, which are rhesus monkeys in case of this disease .The aim of the study is to evaluate the rhesus monkey cellular immunity following the ZE experimental infection by the means of flow cytometry (cytofluorimetry). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Male rhesus monkeys were intramuscularly infected by the dose of 15 LD50 (dose of the pathogen that causes 50% mortality of infected animals) of the ZE, the Zaire strain (ZEBOV). Levels of 18 peripheral blood lymphocyte populations of the animals before the ZE experimental infection and at the terminal stage of the disease were assessed using flow cytometry. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The certain changes in the levels of the lymphocyte populations were observed following infection, indicating simultaneous activation and suppression of the immune system during ZED. The increase in content was observed for T-lymphocytes, T-helper and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes expressing the corresponding markers of early activation. The decrease was recorded for T-lymphocytes and double-positive T-lymphocytes expressing corresponding markers of late activation, as well as natural killer cells expressing CD8 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: For the first time in the Russian Federation, the rhesus monkey cellular immunity before and after the ZE experimental infection was assessed using flow cytometry.

[The use of monoclonal antibodies for the treatment of Ebola virus disease.]

Some drugs candidates for treatment of Ebola virus disease (EVD), have been studied, monoclonal antibody (mAb) cocktails have shown great potential as EVD therapeutics. The advantages of mAb therapy include low toxicity, high specifcity and versatility, with the range of biological effects being dependent upon the Fc region. Functions of mAbs include pathogen opsonisation, complement activation, antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity and virus neutralization characteristics. The most known mAb cocktail, used as therapeutic, is ZMapр, manufactured by «Leaf Biopharmaceutical¼ from 2004. The elaborated mAb cocktails, structures and properties s of mAbs, the protective characteristics of mAbs and development of new pan-ebolavirus mAbs are reviewed in this article.

[Experimental study of Grippferon antiviral activity against Mexican pandemic influenza virus A/H1N1/2009 in vitro].

Analysis of the efficacy of Grippferon vs. the reference drugs Realdiron and Reaferon-EC against the influenza virus A(H1N1)/2009 in susceptible static cell cultures showed that in the concentrations tested it was efficient in inhibition of the virus cytopathic activity and generation of specific hemagglutinin.

[Estimation of in vitro Monclavit-1 virucide activity against influenza virus A (H5N1)].

The virucide activity of Monclavit-1 against the influenza virus A/Chicken/Kurgan/2/Russia/05 (H5N1) was investigated in the MDCK cell culture. It was shown that at a temperature of 14.0 +/- 1.0 degrees C Monclavit-1 in a 20-fold dilution within an hour inactivated the cytopathic activity of the virus and the specific hemagglutinin generation by 100 and 87.5% respectively. In a 40-fold dilution it inactivated at the average by 50% both the cytopathic activity and the specific hemagglutinin generation. In an 80-fold dilution it inactivated the cytopathic activity at the average by 20%. In a 160-fold dilution it did not inactivate the pathogen. At a temperature of 25.0 +/- 1.0 degrees C Monclavit-1 inactivated the influenza virus A/Chicken/Kurgan/2/Russia/05 (H5N1) by 90.0% only in the highest concentration.

[Study of Ingavirin antiviral activity against Mexican pandemic influenza virus A/H1N1/2009 in vitro and in vivo].

High in vitro and in vivo efficacy of Ingavirin against the Mexican pandemic influenza virus A/H1N1/2009, strains A/California/04/2009 (H1N1) and A/California/07/2009 (H1N1) vs. the reference drug Arbidol was studied and verified when used therapeutically and prophylactically.

[In vitro efficacy of ingavirin against the Mexican pandemic subtype H1N1 of influenza A virus, strains A/California/04/2009 and A/California/07/2009].

Ingavirin was shown to be efficient in inhibition of the influenza virus strains A/California/04/2009 and A/California/07/2009 (H1N1) in the MDCK cell culture. The coefficient of the cytopathic activity inhibition amounted to 50 and 60%, and the inhibition coefficients of the specific hemagglutinin formation were 50 and 50%, and 79,1 and 75% before and after the enrichment in chick embryos respectively.

[In vitro investigation of Ingavirin efficacy against influenza B virus].

The experimental investigation of Ingavirin activity against influenza B virus showed that in concentrations 100 and 200 mcg/ml it was efficient in inhibition of the virus reproduction: the cytopathic effect was lowered by 75%, the level of the pathogen accumulation in the MDCK cell culture was decreased by more than 2.0 lg and the formation of the virus specific hemagglutinin was inhibited by more than 90%.

[Antiviral activity of an interferon inducer amixin in experimental West Nile Fever]. / Protivovirusnaia aktivnost' induktora interferona amiksina pri éksperimental'noi forme likhoradki Zapadnogo Nila.

Experimental research was undertaken to investigate the use of amixin in prevention, emergency prevention schemes and treatment of mice infected with West Nile fever (WNF) agent, strain Eg-101; the results are indicative of the drug efficiency both in its peroral and subcutaneous administrations. Amixin was shown to be most effective in the former case when administered, 10 mg/kg, in 96 hours before mice were infected as well as during the entire incubation period: lethality protection--46%. In the latter case, the drug was effective, when 3 administration schemes were in use, 10 mg/kg. The maximum degree of protection efficiency was registered with amixin administration according to the emergency prevention scheme: lethality protection--33%. The drug suppresses effectively the WNF virus reproduction in cerebral tissues.

[The use of monoclonal antibodies in studying the causative agents of viral hemorrhagic fevers]. / Ispol'zovanie monoclonal'nykh antitel v issledovanii vozbuditelei virusnykh gemorragicheskikh likhoradok.

The most promising trends of using monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) in virology research of the viral hemorrhagic-fevers' agents are related with studying viral antigen structure and with developing diagnostic preparations for indicating and identifying infectious agents of the mentioned pathologies. The methodological specificity of obtaining the Mabs to viral hemorrhagic-fevers' agents as well as data on its practical use are discussed.

[Production and study of hybridomas, producing monoclonal antibodies to the structural glycoprotein of Marburg virus]. / Poluchenie i izuchenie gibridom, produtsiruiushchikh monoklonal'nye antitela k strukturnomu glikoproteinu virusa Marburg.

Hybridomas producing monoclonal antibodies (MAb) to Marburg virus glycoprotein were prepared by splicing of mouse myeloma cells (NSO and X.63-Ag6.653 strains) and splenocytes of immunized BALB/c mice. Cultural and MAb-producing properties of hybridomas were studied. The production of MAb during serial passages 15-30 was confirmed. MAb titers in culture fluids were 1:4096-1:8152, in immune ascitic fluids of BALB/c mice 1:409,600-1:638,400. The possibility of using MAbs as a component of ELISA test system was demonstrated. The sensitivity of ELISA-MAb method for Marburg virus was 1 x 10(3) PFU/mu.