[Psychopathology of depressive-delusional states with religious content]. / Psikhopatologicheskie osobennosti depressivno-bredovykh sostoyanii s religioznym soderzhaniem.

OBJECTIVE: Identification of psychopathological characteristics of depressive-delusional states with religious content, development of a typology, determination of formation features, nosological assessment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 79 patients (47 female, 32 male, mean age 27±6.5 years) with depressive-delusional states with religious content within the affective and schizophrenia spectrum disorders were studied. Clinical-psychopathological, psychometric (PANSS, HDRS, S. Huber CRS) and statistical methods were used. RESULTS: Based on the psychopathological structure, specific mechanisms of development of delusions and themes of the religious experiences, three types of depressive-delusional states were identified: type 1 - with a predominance of depressive delusions congruent with affect and delusional ideas of guilt, sinfulness, abandonment of God (14 patients, 17.7%; 6 women, 8 men; mean age 28±4.5 years; HDRS score 33±5.6, the total PANSS score 71±5.3, the PANSS positive subscale score 15.8±3.7); type 2 - with the addition of incongruent delusional constructs, persecutory disorders and acute sensory delusions to the existing depressive religious delusion, with the phenomenon of confessional ambivalence (27 patients, 34.2%; 16 women, 11 men; mean age at attack manifestation 25±9 years; HDRS score 29.6±4.4, the total PANSS score 87±6.2, the PANSS positive subscale score 23.5±4.2); type 3 - depressive-paranoid states with a predominance of Kandinsky-Clerambault syndrome of religious content (38 cases, 48.1%; 20 women, 18 men; mean age at attack manifestation 23.4±2.5 years; HDRS score 32.7±3.7, the total PANSS score 102±7.3, the PANSS positive subscale score 32.5±4.5). CONCLUSION: The study of depressive-delusional states with religious content has shown their clinical-psychopathological heterogeneity. The religious experiences served as a pathoplastic factor, which essentially modified the clinical-psychopathological picture of the disease due to presence of the specific religious phenomena. The identified types of depressive-delusional disorders with religious content had different diagnostic value.

[Suicidal risk in depressions with religious content]. / Suitsidal'nyi risk pri depressiyakh u patsientov s religioznym mirovozzreniem.

The review highlights the main issues of positive and negative religious coping in depression with suicidal behavior. The number of clinical and psychological factors related to suicide risk (age, gender, clinics of depression, internal and external religious orientation, the role of religious community, social support and ethical assessment of suicide) is discussed. To develop personalized approaches to the complex therapy of suicidal behavior, it is advisable to devote further research to studying the influence of the religious factor on depressive states with different levels of severity of psychopathological disorders.

[Doomsday delusions of religious content (apocalyptic version)]. / Bred kontsa sveta religioznogo soderzhaniya (apokalipticheskii variant).

OBJECTIVE: To define psychopathological and phenomenological characteristics of the apocalyptic variant of end-world delusion with religious content (EWDRC) in schizophrenia, to identify features of clinical dynamics of delusional disorders and their interaction with delusional behavior of patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 28 patients with schizophrenia (F20.01, F20.02 according to ICD-10) and EWDRC were examined. Clinical-psychopathological and follow-up methods were used. RESULTS: The development of the end-world delusional ideas occurred in unstructured affective-delusional disorder with acute sensual delusion. Two types of EWDRC were differentiated: with predominance of perception delusion or picturesque delusion. These types differed by acuity and massiveness of psychotic symptomatology, the mono- or polythematic character of delusional disorders, affect type, as well as by the duration and intensity of the development of delusional stages, and in their phenomenological specifics. CONCLUSION: Delusional ideas of the end of the world in schizophrenic patients develop in the structure of the syndrome of acute sensory delusions with a predominance of delusions of perception (type I) or visual-figurative delusions of the imagination (type II), which have different duration, degree of dominance and depth of psychopathological disorders.

[Endogenous depressions with religious experience]. / Endogennye depressivnye sostoyaniya s religioznymi perezhivaniyami.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the specifics of psychopathology and phenomenology of religious experience in depressed patients, for early diagnosis of mental disorders masked by a «religious facade¼, and prevention of suicidal activity. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 115 patients (41 men, 74 women) with depression contained religious distress in affective disorders (38 observations) and schizophrenia (77 observations), F31.3, F31.4, F32.1, F32.2, F33.1, F33.2 and F20.0, F20.4, F21 according to ICD-10. RESULTS: According the psychopathological structure of depressive states, five types of depression were identified. The predominant type was melancholic depression (61%). Based on characteristics of religious experience, types of depressions were distinguished as follows: with congruent religious ideas of guilt and sinfulness; with the loss of «living¼ faith, God-forsakenness; with overvalued doubts about the choice of faith; and with «spiritual hypochondria¼. CONCLUSION: Mental disorders, in particular depressive states, which have a religious «facade¼ often remain unrecognized due to the specific religious content, which often leads to severe and sometimes irreversible consequences as suicidal activity. Thus, these conditions require early diagnosis and specific approaches to the treatment.

[The influence of religiosity on depressive disorders and suicidal behavior]. / Vliianie faktora religioznosti na depressivnye sostoianiia i suitsidal'noe povedenie.

This review of the literature is focused on the positive influence of religiosity on recovery after depression and on the protective role of religiosity against suicidal activity. Despite the inconsistent results on the role of religiosity in treatment of mental diseases, to date there is a sufficiently large body of literature showing the beneficial effect of religiosity and describing specific therapeutic approaches and suicide prevention programs.

[Psychopathology and phenomenology of religious delusion of possession in schizophrenia]. / Osobennosti psikhopatologii i fenomenologii breda oderzhimosti religioznogo soderzhaniia pri shizofrenii.

AIM: To analyze psychopathological features of religious delusion of possession, determine the place of this phenomenon in psychotic syndrome, and identify the prognosis and dynamics of schizophrenia due to this disorder. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirteen patients with religious delusion of possession were examined in 1994-2016 by psychopathological and follow-up methods. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Hallucinations of a general feeling are the crucial psychopathological phenomenon of states with religious delusion of possession. Other delusional disorders (delusion of possession itself or metamorphosis - 'reincarnation in a demon', delusions of spoilage, witchcraft or hypochondriacal delusion) and delusional behavior (special forms of defense), haptic, olfactory hallucinations, and affective (depressive) disorders, suicidal activity are connected with this phenomena. Disease course is either continuous or attack-like. The type of disease course in most cases is complied with the development of stereotype of paranoid schizophrenia. A characteristic feature of disease was the combination of psychopathological disorders, reflecting the continuous nature of the endogenous disease (interpretive delusions, overvalued religious constructions) with disorders, that are more representative for the paroxysmal course (the phenomena of acute sensual delusions, expressed affective disorders), at the manifest stage of the disease. However, in most cases, unlike the classical hallucinatory type of paranoid schizophrenia, the disease began with circular bipolar affective disorders. In most cases, outcome of a manifesting psychosis is unfavorable.

[Immunological monitoring of endogenous attack-like psychoses].

To analyze the possibility of using immunological parameters for the assessment of the activity of the process and prediction of the quality and completion of remission, we compared the dynamics of clinical and immunological parameters in 76 patients with endogenous attack-like psychoses during pharmacotherapy of a psychotic episode. Authors confirmed evidence for the activation of innate and adaptive immunity in the acute stage of psychosis as well as the correlation between immunological parameters (leukocyte elastase (LE) activity, alpha(1)-proteinase inhibitor (alpha(1)-PI), the level of autoantibodies to nerve growth factor (Aab-NGF)) and clinical symptoms assessed with the PANSS. The improvement of the clinical state assessed by the reduction in PANSS total score was noted in all patients though there were variations in the dynamics of immunological parameters. The increase of immunological parameters, along with the absence of changes at the discharge from the hospital, suggests that the remission was of low quality and the pathological process did not attenuate. Outpatient examination revealed the different dynamics of psychopathological disorders: stable state in 50% patients, moderate worsening of psychological state in 50% patients. Worsening of clinical symptoms after the discharge and in the outpatient stage was correlated with the elevation of the activity/level of immunological parameters. The changes in LE activity and Aab-NGF level precede the changes in mental state of patients in the following 1-2 months. These parameters may be used for monitoring of patients and prediction of quality and completion of remission.

[Systemic radiotherapy options in the treatment of metastatic skeletal involvement].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficiency of treatment using various systemic radiotherapies for metastatic skeletal involvement in patients with breast or prostate cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The case histories of 350 patients treated at the Department of Radiation Medicine in 2006 to 2010 for multiple metastatic skeletal involvement in cancers at various sites were analyzed. The efficiency of treatment for pain syndrome and the magnitude of a myelosuppressive effect were estimated in the use of various systemic radiotherapies. For this, the authors compared: 1) two patient groups treated by 89Sr chloride monotherapy in the standard activity of 150 MBq or by that in combination with teleradiotherapy (TRT); 2) two patient groups treated by the monotherapy in the standard activity of 150 MBq or by 89Sr chloride fractional injection. RESULTS: The efficiency of treatment using various systemic radiotherapies was estimated. That was comparatively evaluated in the patient groups having various treatments. Algorithms of indications were elaborated to choose a systemic radiotherapy option depending on the clinical situation. An 89Sr chloride injection procedure was developed for patients with significant myelosuppression. CONCLUSION: 1. Various systemic radiotherapies as second-line therapy may be used to treat metastatic skeletal involvement in patients with cancer at various sites. 2. The most pronounced analgesic effect was found when 89Sr chloride in the standard activity of 150 MBq had been injected in combination with TRT (a 36% reduction in the intensity of pain syndrome); a less pronounced effect was produced by 89Sr chloride monotherapy (27%). The lowest analgesic effect was observed when 89Sr chloride had been fractionally injected (14%). 3. The levels of white blood cells and platelets were decreased in all the groups. 4. 89Sr chloride fractional injection is the method of choice when its single administration is impossible in patients with evident leukocyto- and thrombocytopenia.

[DNA duplexes containing 2'-deoxy-2'-iodoacetamidouridine as reagents for affinity modification of proteins]. / DNK-dupleksy, soderzhashchie 2'-dezoksi-2'-iodatsetamidouridin, kak reagenty dlia affinnoi modifikatsii belkov.

DNA duplexes containing the iodoacetamido group at position 2' of the ribose moiety were proposed for affinity modification of Cys in DNA-binding proteins. Reactive DNA derivatives were obtained with iodoacetic anhydride and synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleotides containing 2'-amino-2'-deoxyuridine in place of thymine at various positions. The derivatives were tested for reaction with amino acids and peptides and shown to specifically interact with Cys-containing proteins. The possibility of using the modified DNA duplexes to probe the protein SH group close to the DNA sugar-phosphate backbone in DNA-protein complexes was demonstrated with the example of subunit p50 of human transcription factor NF-kappa B.

New chemically reactive dsDNAs containing single internucleotide monophosphoryldithio links: reactivity of 5'-mercapto-oligodeoxyribonucleotides.

Novel modified DNA duplexes with single bridging 5'-SS-monophosphoryldithio links [-OP(=O)-O(-)-SS-CH(2)-] were synthesized by autoligation of an oligonucleotide 3'-phosphorothioate and a 5'-mercapto-oligonucleotide previously converted to a 2-pyridyldisulfide adduct. Monophosphoryldisulfide link formation is not a stringent template-dependent process under the conditions used and does not require strong binding of the reactive oligomers to the complementary strand. The modified internucleotide linkage, resembling the natural phosphodiester bond in size and charge density, is stable in water, easily undergoes thiol-disulfide exchange and can be specifically cleaved by the action of reducing reagents. DNA molecules containing an internal -OP(=O)-O(-)-SS-CH(2)- bridge are stable to spontaneous exchange of disulfide-linked fragments (recombination) even in the single-stranded state and are promising reagents for autocrosslinking with cysteine-containing proteins. The chemical and supramolecular properties of oligonucleotides with 5'-sulfhydryl groups were further characterized. We have shown that under the conditions of chemical ligation the 5'-SH group of the oligonucleotide has a higher reactivity towards N-hydroxybenzotriazole-activated phosphate in an adjacent oligonucleotide than does the OH group. This autoligation, unlike disulfide bond formation, proceeds only in the presence of template oligonucleotide, necessary to provide the activated phosphate in close proximity to the SH-, OH- or phosphate function.

[Changes in levels of p53 protein, immunoglobulin L-chains, and iron complexes in mice of leukosis strain AKR following low dose irradiation]. / Izmenenie soderzhaniia belka p53, L-tsepei immunoglobulinov i kompleksov zheleza pri obluchenii malymi dozami myshei leikoznoi linii AKR.

Changes in the content of protein p53 (regulator of the cell cycle) L-chains of immunoglobulins, and iron complexes (Fe2+) during the development of spontaneous leukosis in AKR mice and upon irradiation of animals with a dose of 1.2 cGy were studied by ESR spectroscopy, electrophoresis, and immunoblotting. It was found that irradiation leads to an increase in the incidence of leukoses in males by 7% and a decrease in life duration of females. A decrease in the content of protein p53 and L-chains in immunoglobulins in males and females was observed; however, in females, the decreases was less pronounced because the content of these proteins in females is naturally decreased. In mice irradiated with low doses at the age of three- to four months, a decrease in the amount of iron complexes at a later age (seven- to eight months) was registered. These data suggest that there is a relationship between the induction of protein p53 and the content of immunoglobulin L-chains in the blood serum of animals.

[Changes in the EPR spectra of the nitrosyl complexes of blood proteins in the low-intensity whole-body irradiation of mice]. / Izmenenie spektrov EPR nitrozil'nykh kompleksov gemoproteinov krovi pri nizkointensivnom total'nom obluchenii myshei.

After NO adding to mice blood and isolated erythrocytes ESR signal of nitrozyl complex HbNO (g = 2.07, g = 1.98) and NO-induced MetNg (g = 6.0) were registered. It was shown that the intensity of ESR spectra of these complexes increased after radiation of mice with a dose of 0.06, 0.6 and 5.4 cGy. Low-dose irradiation (0.6 and 0.06 cGy) caused the change in the form of ESR spectra of HbNO (g = 2.07), which is indicative of the shift from T-structure to R-structure and of the preferred formation of R-conformations of oxyhemoglobin in blood. It was found that dependence of NO-induced MetHb signal on irradiation dose is bimodal that may be connected with nonlinear response of the cells to irradiation and retarded adaptive response after radiation with low doses.

[Clinico-pathopsychological study of personality traits and emotions in patients with affective psychoses]. / Kliniko-patopsikhologicheskoe issledovanie osobennostei lichnosti i émotsional'nosti bol'nykh affektivnym psikhozom.

During an experimental psychological examination of 75 patients with endogenous affective psychosis differentiated according to the affect polarity in the disease course, a study was made of the stable personality traits responsible for predisposition to the disease and characterizing the patients' emotional sphere. The comparison of the pathopsychological data to the clinical characteristics supported the rightfulness of differentiating the premanifest condition in accordance with the qualitative traits of the personality structure into pseudopsychopathic, psychopathic and accentuated states as most corresponding to the division of affective psychosis into the mono- and bipolar forms. The implication of the personality factors in the pathogenesis of the distinguished varieties of affective psychosis and the rightfulness of their differentiation by the polarity of the major affect in the disease picture are under discussion.

[Clinical characteristics of premorbid conditions in patients with endogenous affective psychoses]. / Klinicheskie osobennosti domanifestnykh sostoianii u bo'lnykh éndogennym affektivnym psikhozom.

A total of 125 patients with endogenous affective psychosis manifest in middle age were under this study. Personality features were assessed and qualitative characterization of the structure and course of premanifest states was performed in patients with unipolar and bipolar course of the disease. No substantial relations were found between the peculiarities of the course of the disease and personality features (schizoid, hyperthymic, obsessive-compulsive). Asthenic patients were prevalent in the cases of the disease assuming a depressive and manic disturbances type course. The division of affective psychosis into uni- and bipolar forms correlated with the differentiation of personality anomalies according to their qualitative characteristics with due account of their structure (singling out accentuated, psychopathic and pseudopsychopathic personalities).