Evaluation of ferrocenyl-containing γ-hydroxy-γ-lactam-derived tetramates as potential antiplasmodials.

A series of ferrocenyl-containing γ-hydroxy-γ-lactam tetramates were prepared in 2-3 steps through ring opening-ring closure (RORC) process of γ-ylidene-tetronate derivatives in the presence of ferrocenyl alkylamines. The compounds were screened in vitro for their antiplasmodial activity against chloroquine-sensitive (3D7) and chloroquine-resistant (W2) clones of P. falciparum, displaying activity in the range of 0.12-100 µM, with generally good resistance index. The most active ferrocene in these series exhibited IC50 equal to 0.09 µM (3D7) and 0.12 µM (W2). The low cytotoxicity of the ferrocenyl-containing γ-hydroxy-γ-lactam tetramates against Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial (HUVEC) cell line demonstrated selective antiparasitic activity. The redox properties of these ferrocene-derived tetramates were studied and physico-biochemical studies evidenced that these derivatives can exert potent antimalarial activities via a mechanism distinct from ferroquine.

7-Chloro-4-aminoquinoline γ-hydroxy-γ-lactam derived-tetramates as a new family of antimalarial compounds.

In this Letter we report on an efficient and short 2-3 steps synthesis of γ-hydroxy-γ-lactam derived-tetramates bearing a 7-chloro-4-aminoquinoline skeleton and their evaluation as potent antimalarials. These molecules were obtained through ring opening-ring closure (RORC) process of γ-ylidene-tetronate derivatives in the presence of 7-chloro-4-aminoquinoline-derived amines. In vitro antimalarial activity of these new γ-lactams was evaluated against Plasmodium falciparum clones of variable sensitivity (3D7 and W2) and they were found to be active in the range of 14-827nM with generally good resistance index. A preliminary SAR study is also presented to explain these results. Finally, the most active compounds did not show in vitro cytotoxicity when tested against Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC) up to concentration of 50µM and they were stable at pH 7.4 for at least 48h.

UV-Induced Micropatterning of Complex Functional Surfaces by Photopolymerization Controlled by Alkoxyamines.

We report on the use of an alkoxyamine (AA) for fabrication of functional micropatterns with complex structures by UV mask lithography. The living character of the polymer surface and the vertical spatial control of the repolymerization reaction from few tens of nanometers to few micrometers were demonstrated. The impact of the main parameters governing the controlled polymerization and the reinitiation process activated by light or heat was investigated. Micropatterning is shown to be a powerful method to investigate the physicochemical molecular phenomena. It is possible to control the polymer microstructure thickness from few tens of nanometers to few micrometers. In the last section, some applications are provided showing the potential of the AA for generating covalently bonded hydrophilic/hydrophobic micropatterns or luminescent surfaces. This demonstrates the high versatility and interest of this route.