Cost-effectiveness analysis of intralesional and perilesional recombinant human epidermal growth factor vs hydrocolloid therapy in venous ulcer treatment in the Colombian context.

OBJECTIVE: To perform a comparative analysis of health care expenses and outcomes in response to the question: What is the cost-effectiveness of intralesional and perilesional recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rhEGF) compared with hydrocolloid therapy in patients diagnosed with chronic venous insufficiency without infection in Colombia? METHODS: A Markov model was used to determine cost effectiveness over a 5-year period, considering the perspective of the health system in Colombia. The study included patients aged >18 years diagnosed with chronic venous insufficiency and used clinical studies to calculate the probabilities of epithelialization, infection, recurrence, and mortality. RESULTS: RhEGF is more expensive per unit than hydrocolloids, but it is proven to be effective at healing ulcers in 8 to 12 weeks, even in complex cases. Hydrocolloids, in contrast, typically require 29.5 weeks on average, and ≤46 weeks for complex cases. Despite the cost, rhEGF is more cost effective because it achieves results comparable with hydrocolloid therapy at a lower cost per additional quality-adjusted life-year. CONCLUSIONS: Based on cost-effectiveness analysis, rhEGF is a superior alternative to hydrocolloids for treating venous ulcers in Colombia. Not only is it more affordable, but it also enhances patients' quality of life and streamlines the health care system's resource use.

[Radiation dose permitted in dentistry patients. A review]. / Dosis de radiación permitida en pacientes odontológicos. Una revisión.

In dental practice, the use of imaging has increased over the years, generating an increase in the radiation dose for the dental patient. One factor under discussion is the amount of dose used in patients, men, women and children, at different stages of their life, due to the scientific evidence of the harmful effects of ionizing radiation. This review of the literature analyzed the characteristics of radiation and its effects in relation to the doses administered, and its equivalences in dental practice in panoramic periapical radiographs and cone beam tomographies. A search of the literature was carried out in the main information sources such as Medline (via PubMed), SEVIER, SCIELO, and LILACS, using the search terms with a date limitation of the last 10 years. The selected articles had to include information regarding the keywords used, including "Dental Offices, Radiation Dose, X-Rays, Ambulatory Care."

The OLGA-OLGIM staging and the interobserver agreement for gastritis and preneoplastic lesion screening: a cross-sectional study.

Stomach cancer (SC) incidence and mortality are relevant public health issues worldwide. In Colombia, screening for preneoplastic lesions (PNL) and the presence of H. pylori is not routinely performed. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate OLGA-OLGIM staging and the interobserver agreement in gastritis and preneoplastic lesions in patients with gastroduodenal symptoms from Colombia. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 272 patients with gastroduodenal symptoms. Gastric biopsies were taken following the Updated Sydney System with the OLGA-OLGIM classification, and the results were evaluated by two pathologists. Chronic gastritis and PNL were reported in 76% and 24% of the patients, respectively. Furthermore, 25% of the patients with PNL displayed gastric atrophy (GA) and 75% intestinal metaplasia (IM). Agreement in the histopathological reading for IM was good, whereas for OLGA was variable, and for the H. pylori quantity was poor. OLGA-OLGIM stages 0-II were the most frequent (96%), while stage III (4%) and SC (4%) were the least frequent. Age and coffee consumption were associated with a higher prevalence of PNL. This work determined that 4% of the population is at high risk of developing SC and would benefit from follow-up studies. Reinforcement of training programs to improve the agreement in histopathology readings is required.

[Use of current imaging tools for the study of odontogenic myxoma. A review of the literature]. / Uso de herramientas de imagenología actual para el estudio del mixoma odontogénico. Una revisión de la literatura.

Odontogenic myxoma (OM) is currently classified as a benign tumor of ectomesenchymal origin, observed between the second and fourth decade of age, with a predilection in women and predominance in the mandibular region, composed of rounded and angular cells embedded in an abundant myxoid stroma, of aggressive biological behavior, having the characteristic of being locally infiltrative. Tumor cells spread in the intratrabecular space beyond the bone limit, making it difficult to determine the edge of the tumor, even without cortical continuity, presenting intermittent direct contact with soft tissue; the appearance can be unilocular (small lesions), or commonly the typical image is that of a destructive lesion with poorly defined borders with a multilocular growth pattern, for which the use of advanced medical images such as Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CTHC), Computed Tomography (CT), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), are useful to establish an adequate diagnosis with the ability to point out the characteristics of OM with precision and three-dimensional perspective. This review presents a systematic analysis of the types of imaging tools currently used for the study of OM.

[Applications of cone beam computed tomography of the craneofacial structure in medical specialties. A review]. / Aplicaciones de la tomografía computarizada de haz cónico de la estructura craneofacial en especialidades médicas. Una revisión.

Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) of the craniofacial structure has demonstrated its usefulness in the dental area during the last decades, thus it has become a fundamental tool in the diagnosis, planning, and evaluation of treatment, and although it was not developed for the exclusive use in dentistry, as it is commonly considered, it is used in other areas such as medicine. It is specifically used in the head and neck area where different medical specialties interact, and at the same time these interact with dental specialties, so knowing the advantages of CBCT over different imaging technologies in the medical area is necessary. The purpose of this review was to describe the applications of observation, diagnosis, planning, and evolution of treatments using maxillofacial HSCT in different medical specialties. This work highlights the use of TCHC in different medical applications and highlights where it is most useful compared to other technologies.

Occupational health in oral radiologists: A review.

Work is a fundamental axis for the development of societies and human well-being, but if a person cannot adapt to their work area and work environment, the individual may be affected by occupational or coexisting illnesses that get exacerbated when working.A scientific search was conducted in the main health databases - MEDLINE (via PubMed), Web of Science, SciELO, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Dialnet - using the keywords "occupational health", "occupational diseases", "occupational accidents" AND "oral radiology" OR "oral radiologists". Systematic reviews as well as observational, cross-sectional and longitudinal studies were included. Case reports, letters to the editor, editorials, and opinion articles were excluded. In total, 496 articles were recovered, and only 51 fulfilled the selection criteria. Signs and symptoms that affect oral radiologists include back pain, shoulder pain, wrist pain, tenosynovitis, computer vision syndrome (CVS), stress, depression, and burnout syndrome. Preventive occupational health (OH) measures are proposed to help eliminate or alleviate the symptoms associated with non-ergonomic habits at work. Oral radiologists are exposed to several risks and occupational diseases inherent and/or related to their work. By implementing simple habits and ergonomic advice, well-documented in the literature, these risks can be avoided.This review aimed to provide scientific information on the current concepts of OH in oral radiologists in order to help prevent occupational diseases and occupational accidents, and guarantee safe professional practice.

La imagenología en el diagnóstico y la planificación de sistemas de conductos radiculares: una revisión actualizada / Imaginology in the diagnosis and planning of root duct systems: an update review

Los sistemas de conductos radiculares presentan una variada conformación morfológica para cada grupo de piezas dentarias. Diversos autores han presentado en diferentes clasificaciones su conformación anatómica y sus variantes. Tenemos los conductos principales, colaterales, laterales, secundario, accesorio, interconducto, recurrente, delta apical y cavo interradicular. La radiología actual aún no permite la visualización de todas estas estructuras; sin embargo, el uso adecuado de las técnicas imagenológicas, junto con el empleo de nuevos equipos 3D por ajustes de parámetros de adquisición con adecuados software y algoritmos, permite una precisión mayor en las imágenes lo que favorece la observación de finos detalles útiles para el diagnóstico y abordaje de los tratamientos endodónticos. El objetivo de este artículo es realizar una revisión de la literatura para identificar nuevos conceptos y herramientas imagenológicas útiles para obtener mejores diagnósticos. (AU)

Root canal systems present a varied morphological conformation for each group of teeth. Several authors have described the anatomical conformation and its variants in different classifications, including the main, collateral, lateral, secondary, accessory, interduct, recurrent, apical delta and interradicular cavus canals. Currently, radiology still does not allow visualization of all these structures. However, proper use of imaging techniques together with the use of new 3D equipment for adjustments of acquisition parameters with adequate software and algorithms allows greater image precision, facilitating diagnosis and the planning of the most adequate approach for endodontic treatments. The objective of this article was to conduct a review of the literature to identify new concepts and useful imaging tools for better diagnoses. (AU)

[Flebolites in the maxillofacial region: a challenge for imaging diagnosis. A review]. / Flebolitos en la región maxilofacial: un desafío para el diagnóstico por imágenes. Una revisión.

Vascular alterations or disorders of the blood and / or lymphatic vessels have their own characteristics, the identification of calcifications being a correct parameter to be able to make a proper diagnosis. The objective of the study was to describe the radiographic characteristics of the phleboliths, and whether they represent a challenge for diagnosis. according to the literature reviewed in the Medline (PubMed) database, Scielo, Google Scholar and some specialized journals. Phleboliths were found to have very particular radiographic characteristics, with concentric radiolucent and radiopaque images that resemble rings. However, not all the presentations are similar, this makes the diagnosis misleading with other calcifications in this region, such as sialoliths where their appearance is usually similar. Furthermore, there is the relationship with vascular anomalies and hemangiomas. finally, the evidence points to very specific characteristics of this lesion, and it is necessary to individualize each case, due to the differences that exist from one patient to another.

[Imaginology in the diagnosis and planning of root duct systems: an updated review]. / La imagenología en el diagnóstico y la planificación de sistemas de conductos radiculares: una revisión actualizada.

Root canal systems present a varied morphological conformation for each group of teeth. Several authors have described the anatomical conformation and its variants in different classifications, including the main, collateral, lateral, secondary, accessory, interduct, recurrent, apical delta and interradicular cavus canals. Currently, radiology still does not allow visualization of all these structures. However, proper use of imaging techniques together with the use of new 3D equipment for adjustments of acquisition parameters with adequate software and algorithms allows greater image precision, facilitating diagnosis and the planning of the most adequate approach for endodontic treatments. The objective of this article was to conduct a review of the literature to identify new concepts and useful imaging tools for better diagnoses.

[Stafne's idiopathic bone cavity: characteristics and imagenological considerations. A review]. / Cavidad idiopática de Stafne: características y consideraciones imagenológicas. Una revisión.

In 1942, Dr. Edward Stafne presented 35 cases of asymptomatic, clearly defined, round or ovoid radiolucencies occurring near the angle of the mandible, with a greater incidence below the lower dental canal, between the mandibular angle and the roots of the first lower molar, which he referred to as a bone defect. This bone defect later became known by other names.Clinically, Stafne's idiopathic bone cavity (SIBC) is asymptomatic, is usually not palpated intraorally and has no present extraoral signs. Thus, in most cases it is an accidental radiological finding, which appears as a delimited, elliptical or rounded radiolucent image, with a diameter ranging from 1 to 3 cm, and delimited by osteocondensation in the anteroinferior limits. According to the location of the findings, they are classified as; anterior, posterior and branch.This entity should be considered as a variant of normality requiring differential diagnosis to achieve an accurate diagnosis. The present review provides information on the history, and general and radiographic characteristics of SIBC to facilitate diagnosis when presented with this type of findings.

Aspectos descriptivos imagenológicos del osteoma de los maxilares: Revisión de la literatura / Descriptive imagenological aspects of osteoma in the jaws: review of the literature

El osteoma es una lesión osteogénica benigna, derivado de hueso compacto o esponjoso. Se caracteriza por ser de crecimiento lento y aparece con más frecuencia entre los 20 y los 50 años de vida, con una prevalencia mayor en hombres con respecto a las mujeres. Clínicamente asintomáticos, los podemos encontrar en la región craneofacial, particularmente en los senos paranasales y la mandíbula, y pueden presentarse de tres formas: central, periférica y extraósea, siendo más comunes los solitarios, a diferencia de los múltiples que están relacionados con el síndrome de Gardner. El tratamiento de los osteomas es quirúrgico cuando causan complicaciones. Los estudios por imágenes, como la radiografía panorámica y la TCHC, son las modalidades de mayor uso para determinar la ubicación, la extensión y las relaciones anatómicas de la lesión. Las características imagenológicas pueden presentarse como una excrecencia ósea de hueso compacto, esponjoso o mixto. El conocimiento de esta lesión nos permitirá tener mejores propuestas diagnósticas. (AU)

Osteomas are benign osteogenic lesions derived from compact or spongy bone. They are characterized by their slow growth and appear more frequently between 20 and 50 years of age, with a higher prevalence in men than in women. These lesions are clinically asymptomatic and can be found in the craniofacial region, particularly in the paranasal sinuses and the mandible, and may have a central, peripheral or extraosseous presentation. Multiple osteomas are related to Gardner's Syndrome. Treatment of osteoma is surgical when complications develop. Imaging studies such as panoramic radiography and cone beam computed tomography are the modalities most widely used to determine the location, extent, and anatomical relationships of the lesion. Imaging features may present as a bony excretion of compact, spongy, or mixed bone. Adequate knowledge of these lesions allows adequate diagnosis and better treatment planning. (AU)

2D-3D comparison of the temporomandibular joint in skeletal Class II versus Class I adults: A retrospective study.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) morphological characteristics in people with Class II versus Class I sagittal skeletal relationship and to identify other factors that influence the TMJ dimensions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This cross-sectional and retrospective study evaluated 188 people divided into two groups, 92 cone-beam computed tomographies (CBCTs) and lateral radiographs (LR) of people with Skeletal class II relationship with Class II division 1 malocclusion versus 96 CBCTs and LR of people with Class I skeletal relationship and Class I malocclusion (controls). The CBCTs included people of both sexes, aged between 15 and 65 years old. The 3D Imaging Carestream Software was used to evaluate the condyle height and neck width, mediolateral and anteroposterior condyle dimensions, the shape of the glenoid fossa and condyle in the CBCTs. Likewise, the ANB angle, the Wits appraisal and other measurements were evaluated on LR. Besides, Mann-Whitney U, Chi2 and multiple linear regression tests were performed. The significance level was set at P˂0.05. RESULTS: The mediolateral and anteroposterior condyle dimensions were smaller in class II people (1.82mm and 0.29mm, respectively) than class I people (P<0.05). Likewise, height and neck width of condyle were smaller in class II people (0.73mm and 0.40mm, respectively) than class I people (P<0.05). Multiple linear regression identified mainly the ANB angle as a factor (P<0.05) that influenced the dimensions, decreasing the condyle dimensions in skeletal class II relationship. CONCLUSIONS: People with skeletal class II relationship showed smaller condyle dimension values than class I people. A decrease in the dimensions of the eminence and the condyle could be expected when the ANB angle increases.

Evaluación del espesor de la cresta infracigomática para la colocación de minitornillos mediante tomografía computarizada de haz cónico / Thickness of the infrazygomatic crest, evaluated by cone beam computed tomography

Introducción: Para colocar miniim-plantes de anclaje ortodóncico es nece-sario evaluar el hueso en el sitio de implantación. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la existencia de hueso infracigomático midiendo la altura y el espesor a nivel de la raíz mesiovesti-bular del segundo molar superior, a 2, 4 y 6 mm de la cresta alveolar, utilizando la tomografía computarizada de haz cónico (TCHC). Método: Se revisaron 127 TCHC de sujetos entre 17 a 75 años. Se deter-minó la existencia de hueso basados en el criterio de altura y presencia de contacto entre raíz y cortical. Cuando la altura de la cresta infracigomática era > 10 mm se tomaban medidas de espesor a 2, 4, y 6 mm de la cresta alveolar, y se compararon por género. Resultados: De 127 TCHC se midió la altura de la cresta solo en 70 TCHC. El intervalo del 95% de confianza para esta medida fue de 8,64 a 9,76 mm, pero solamente en 28 (40%) era > 10mm. Las medidas de espesor se tomaron solamente en esos 28 casos, obteniendo un promedio de 9,2 mm, 8,3 mm y 6,6 mm cuando se midió a 2, 4 y 6 mm, respectivamente. No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre géneros. Conclusiones: Tanto la apreciación cualitativa del hueso como las mediciones de altura y espesor de la cresta infracigomática indican que la región a nivel del segundo molar supe-rior no es un sitio seguro para la coloca-ción de minitornillos. (AU)

Introduction: In order to place orthodontic temporary anchorage devices it is neces-sary to evaluate bone quality and size in the intended site. The objective of this study was to measure bone thickness and height at the level of the mesiobuccal root of the upper second molar, 2 mm, 4 mm and 6 mm away from the alveolar crest, using Cone Beam Computed Tomo-graphy (CBCT). Methods: The design of the present research is descriptive, retrospective. 127 CBCT images from 17-75 year old patients, were reviewed. The presence of bone was determined based on qualitative criteria of height and contact between root and cortical. When the height of the infrazygomatic crest was > 10mm, thickness measurements were taken at 2, 4, and 6 mm from the alveolar crest. Results: Only in 70 of the 127 CBCT images the height of the ridge was measured. The 95% confidence interval for bone height was: 8.64 to 9.76 mm, but only in 28 (40%) it was > 10 mm. Thick-ness measurements, in those 28 cases, average 9.2 mm, 8.3 mm and 6.6 mm was at 2, 4 and 6 mm, respectively. No significant differences between genders was found (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Both the qualitative assessment of bone and the height and thickness measurements of the infrazygomatic crest indicate that this region at the level of upper second molar is not a safe site to place tempo-rary anchoring devices. (AU)

Inhaled Carbon Monoxide Protects against the Development of Shock and Mitochondrial Injury following Hemorrhage and Resuscitation.

AIMS: Currently, there is no effective resuscitative adjunct to fluid and blood products to limit tissue injury for traumatic hemorrhagic shock. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of inhaled carbon monoxide (CO) to limit inflammation and tissue injury, and specifically mitochondrial damage, in experimental models of hemorrhage and resuscitation. RESULTS: Inhaled CO (250 ppm for 30 minutes) protected against mortality in severe murine hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation (HS/R) (20% vs. 80%; P<0.01). Additionally, CO limited the development of shock as determined by arterial blood pH (7.25±0.06 vs. 7.05±0.05; P<0.05), lactate levels (7.2±5.1 vs 13.3±6.0; P<0.05), and base deficit (13±3.0 vs 24±3.1; P<0.05). A dose response of CO (25-500 ppm) demonstrated protection against HS/R lung and liver injury as determined by MPO activity and serum ALT, respectively. CO limited HS/R-induced increases in serum tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 levels as determined by ELISA (P<0.05 for doses of 100-500ppm). Furthermore, inhaled CO limited HS/R induced oxidative stress as determined by hepatic oxidized glutathione:reduced glutathione levels and lipid peroxidation. In porcine HS/R, CO did not influence hemodynamics. However, CO limited HS/R-induced skeletal muscle and platelet mitochondrial injury as determined by respiratory control ratio (muscle) and ATP-linked respiration and mitochondrial reserve capacity (platelets). CONCLUSION: These preclinical studies suggest that inhaled CO can be a protective therapy in HS/R; however, further clinical studies are warranted.

Inhaled, nebulized sodium nitrite protects in murine and porcine experimental models of hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation by limiting mitochondrial injury.

OBJECTIVE: The cellular injury that occurs in the setting of hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation (HS/R) affects all tissue types and can drive altered inflammatory responses. Resuscitative adjuncts hold the promise of decreasing such injury. Here we test the hypothesis that sodium nitrite (NaNO2), delivered as a nebulized solution via an inhalational route, protects against injury and inflammation from HS/R. METHODS: Mice underwent HS/R to a mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 20 or 25 mmHg. Mice were resuscitated with Lactated Ringers after 90-120 min of hypotension. Mice were randomized to receive nebulized NaNO2 via a flow through chamber (30 mg in 5 mL PBS). Pigs (30-35 kg) were anesthetized and bled to a MAP of 30-40 mmHg for 90 min, randomized to receive NaNO2 (11 mg in 2.5 mL PBS) nebulized into the ventilator circuit starting 60 min into the hypotensive period, followed by initial resuscitation with Hextend. Pigs had ongoing resuscitation and support for up to four hours. Hemodynamic data were collected continuously. RESULTS: NaNO2 limited organ injury and inflammation in murine hemorrhagic shock. A nitrate/nitrite depleted diet exacerbated organ injury, as well as mortality, and inhaled NaNO2 significantly reversed this effect. Furthermore, NaNO2 limited mitochondrial oxidant injury. In porcine HS/R, NaNO2 had no significant influence on shock induced hemodynamics. NaNO2 limited hypoxia/reoxia or HS/R-induced mitochondrial injury and promoted mitochondrial fusion. CONCLUSION: NaNO2 may be a useful adjunct to shock resuscitation based on its limitation of mitochondrial injury.

Non-operative management versus operative management in high-grade blunt hepatic injury.

BACKGROUND: Surgery used to be the treatment of choice in cases of blunt hepatic injury, but this approach gradually changed over the last two decades as increasing non-operative management (NOM) of splenic injury led to its use for hepatic injury. The improvement in critical care monitoring and computed tomographic scanning, as well as the more frequent use of interventional radiology techniques, has helped to bring about this change to non-operative management. Liver trauma ranges from a small capsular tear, without parenchymal laceration, to massive parenchymal injury with major hepatic vein/retrohepatic vena cava lesions. In 1994, the Organ Injury Scaling Committee of the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) revised the Hepatic Injury Scale to have a range from grade I to VI. Minor injuries (grade I or II) are the most frequent liver injuries (80% to 90% of all cases); severe injuries are grade III-V lesions; grade VI lesions are frequently incompatible with survival. In the medical literature, the majority of patients who have undergone NOM have low-grade liver injuries. The safety of NOM in high-grade liver lesions, AAST grade IV and V, remains a subject of debate as a high incidence of liver and collateral extra-abdominal complications are still described. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of non-operative management compared to operative management in high-grade (grade III-V) blunt hepatic injury. SEARCH METHODS: The search for studies was run on 14 April 2014. We searched the Cochrane Injuries Group's Specialised Register, The Cochrane Library, Ovid MEDLINE(R), Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, Ovid MEDLINE(R) Daily and Ovid OLDMEDLINE(R), Embase Classic+Embase (Ovid), PubMed, ISI WOS (SCI-EXPANDED, SSCI, CPCI-S & CPSI-SSH), clinical trials registries, conference proceedings, and we screened reference lists. SELECTION CRITERIA: All randomised trials that compare non-operative management versus operative management in high-grade blunt hepatic injury. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two authors independently applied the selection criteria to relevant study reports. We used standard methodological procedures as defined by the Cochrane Collaboration. MAIN RESULTS: We were unable to find any randomised controlled trials of non-operative management versus operative management in high-grade blunt hepatic injury. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: In order to further explore the preliminary findings provided by animal models and observational clinical studies that suggests there may be a beneficial effect of non-operative management versus operative management in high-grade blunt hepatic injury, large, high quality randomised trials are needed.

Nitrate/Nitrite as Critical Mediators to Limit Oxidative Injury and Inflammation.

SIGNIFICANCE: Nitric oxide (NO) is a critical signaling molecule marked by complex chemistry and varied biological responses depending on the context of the redox environment. In the setting of inflammation, NO can not only contribute to tissue injury and be causative of oxidative damage but can also signal as an adaptive molecule to limit inflammatory signaling in multiple cell types and tissues. RECENT ADVANCES: An advance in our understanding of NO biology was the recognition of the nitrate-nitrite-NO axis, whereby nitrate (predominantly from dietary sources) could be converted to nitrite and nitrite could be reduced to NO. CRITICAL ISSUES: Intriguingly, the recognition of multiple enzymes that serve as nitrite reductases in the setting of hypoxia or ischemia established the concept of nitrite as a circulating endocrine reservoir of NO, with the selective release of NO at sites that were primed for this reaction. This review highlights the anti-inflammatory roles of nitrite in numerous clinical conditions, including ischemia/reperfusion, transplant, cardiac arrest, and vascular injury, and in gastrointestinal inflammation. FUTURE DIRECTIONS: These preclinical and clinical investigations set up further clinical trials and studies that elucidate the endogenous role this pathway plays in protection against inflammatory signaling.

Neoplasias mucinosas del apéndice / Mucinous Neoplasm of the Appendix

Se presenta el caso de una paciente femenina de 52 años de edad que consulta por dolor abdominal al servicio de urgencias, donde se le realizan estudios imaginológicos y se sospecha de mucocele. Se confirma el diagnóstico por patología de mucocele del apéndice por neoplasia mucinosa apendicular de bajo grado. En este artículo se describe la presentación clínica de la paciente y se analizan los hallazgos en los estudios por imágenes, en cirugía y en patología. Posteriormente se hace una revisión de la literatura de los tumores mucinosos del apéndice, con énfasis en los hallazgos imaginológicos. Estos tumores son raros, presentan diferente histología y no tienen predilección de género. Se presentan principalmente como abdomen agudo, aunque tienen otras formas de presentación que pueden confundir al clínico. Como se describe, los estudios por imágenes cumplen un papel importante en el diagnóstico, seguimiento y detección de complicaciones.

We present the case of a 52- year- old woman who complains of abdominal pain to the emergency room, ultrasound and CT scan suggested the diagnosis of mucocele and was confirmed by pathology as mucocele of the appendix due low grade appendix mucinous neoplasm. In our review we describe clinical presentation of the patient and discuss imaging findings as well as findings in surgery and pathology. Subsequently, there is a literature review and the mucinous tumors of the appendix, with emphasis in the imaging techniques. These tumors are rare, have different histology and no gender predilection. They occur mainly as acute abdomen, although they have other forms of presentation which may mislead the clinician. As described, imaging techniques play an important role in the diagnosis, follow-up, and detection of complications

Mucocutaneous Leishmania tropica infection in a dog from a human cutaneous leishmaniasis focus.

BACKGROUND: Leishmania tropica is a causative agent of cutaneous leishmanaisis in the Middle East, North Africa and parts of southeastern Europe. Although transmission of L. tropica has been reported as anthroponotic, in Israel it was found to have a zoonotic pattern. FINDINGS: A one year old male Pekingese dog from Maale Adumim, a focus of L. tropica human cutaneous leishmaniasis near Jerusalem, was presented by its owner with a large proliferative red mucocutaneous lesion on the lip between the mouth and nose. Physical examination and a biochemistry panel were normal and a complete blood count showed mild leukocytosis with lymphocytosis and eosinophilia. A biopsy of the lesion was suggestive of the presence of Leishmania organisms. Serology for Leishmania sp. by ELISA was positive and an aspirate from the lesion showed a large number of Leishmania amastigotes. ITS1-HRM-PCR of the lesion was positive and sequencing indicated that infection was caused by L. tropica, which was also cultured from the lesion. Blood PCR was negative. The dog responded well to allopurinol treatment and its lesion shrunk considerably within one month of therapy and healed after two months. CONCLUSIONS: Only a few cases of dog infection with L. tropica have been described to date. They were reported from Morocco and Iran and involved infection of visceral organs. This is the first report of focal mucocutaneous L. tropica infection in a dog and its response to anti-leishmanial treatment. Domestic and wild canines should be evaluated for being possible animal reservoirs for human L. tropica infection in endemic areas or merely accidental hosts.

Tumor de Vanek o pólipo fibroide inflamatorio gástrico. Presentación de dos casos en Medellín / Presentation of two cases of Vanek's tumor (inflammatory fibroid polyp) in Medellín

Se reportan dos casos de pólipo fibroide inflamatorio (PFI) o tumor de Vanek. El primero corresponde a una mujer de 63 años, con cuadro clínico de dolor abdominal. En la endoscopia digestiva se encuentra pólipo antral, que se reseca; el estudio anatomopatológico informa los hallazgos clásicos de un pólipo fibroide inflamatorio. El segundo caso es un paciente de sexo masculino, 63 años, que ingresa en choque hemorrágico por hematemesis masiva. En la endoscopia se evidencia una lesión de Dieulafoy en el cardias y una lesión polipoide en antro que se reseca. El estudio anatomopatológico informa una histología inusual que requiere estudio de inmunohistoquímica para confirmar el diagnóstico de PFI.

We report on two cases of inflammatory fibroid polyps in the stomach (Vanek's tumor). The first patient was a 63-year-old woman with abdominal pain for whom resection of an antral polypoid lesion was done. This polyp presented classical histopathology. The second case was a 63-year-old male patient who was admitted to the hospital with hemorrhagic shock due to hematemesis. During endoscopy a Dieulafoy's lesion was found in the cardia of the stomach and a polypoid lesion was found in the antrum. Unusual histopathology required that the diagnosis be confirmed by immunohistochemistry.