Assuntos
Agricultura/métodos , Agricultura/tendências , Abastecimento de Alimentos/estatística & dados numéricos , Aclimatação/genética , Agricultura/economia , Biodiversidade , Bancos de Espécimes Biológicos , Cruzamento , Produtos Agrícolas/genética , Genes de Plantas , Humanos , Fenótipo , Sementes/genéticaRESUMO
To restore food security to a traditional African cropping system following a sudden loss of seed, genetic diversity must be re-established. This study examines the extent to which Cowpea diversity was reinstated two years after a flood disaster in Gaza Province, Mozambique. The contribution that seed from various sources made to the recovery was assessed using semi-structured interviews and morphological and molecular data. Data suggest that diversity had recovered to some extent yet there was evidence of a narrowing of the genetic base, with fewer rare alleles and differences in the distribution of allele frequencies. Although the main channels for accessing seed after the flood were seed relief and markets, these sources contributed to minimal and different diversity. It appears that diversity was regained primarily through social networking in the form of loans or gifts of seed from friends and relatives. The results of the study are discussed in relation to seed relief approaches.
Assuntos
Desastres , Fabaceae/genética , Inundações , Variação Genética , Socorro em Desastres/organização & administração , Sementes/genética , Adulto , Feminino , Abastecimento de Alimentos , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Moçambique , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Rede Social , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Free distribution of seeds in selected areas of southern Sudan has been widespread as a way of increasing food security. Field research in areas targeted for seed relief found that farmer seed systems continue to meet the crop and varietal needs of farmers even following the 1998 famine. Donor investments in seed multiplication of improved sorghum have not been sustained due to a lack of effective demand for the improved seed beyond that created by the relief agencies. The article argues that rather than imposing outside solutions, whether through seed provisioning or seed production enterprises, greater attention needs to be given to building on the strengths of existing farmer systems and designing interventions to alleviate the weaknesses. The case is made to support dynamically the process of farmer experimentation through the informed introduction of new crops and varieties that can potentially reinforce the strength and diversity of local cropping systems.