Assuntos
Sorodiagnóstico da AIDS/normas , Aconselhamento/normas , Educação de Pacientes como Assunto/normas , Adolescente , Serviços de Saúde do Adolescente/normas , Confidencialidade , Testes Diagnósticos de Rotina/normas , Feminino , Humanos , Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido , Estados Unidos , Serviços de Saúde da Mulher/normasRESUMO
Primary care physicians are increasingly being called on to provide counseling about human immunodeficiency virus blood testing to their patients. When the patient is an adolescent, special considerations arise. Risk assessment and test counseling for adolescents should be embedded in comprehensive assessment of the adolescent's health needs. The adolescent's coping ability, capacity to give informed consent, and legal status also affect the blood test counseling process. Repetition, visual demonstrations, and an assessment of the adolescent's comprehension are also important. Use of an identified support person is also recommended. Physicians should be aware of the ways in which human immunodeficiency virus blood test counseling should vary for adolescent patients.
Assuntos
Sorodiagnóstico da AIDS , Aconselhamento , Relações Médico-Paciente , Adaptação Psicológica , Adolescente , Confidencialidade , Medicina de Família e Comunidade , Feminino , Humanos , Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido , Masculino , Psicologia do AdolescenteRESUMO
Telephone interviews were conducted with 500 primary care physicians, drawn from a stratified random sample of internists, family practitioners, pediatricians, general practitioners, and OB/GYN physicians. Respondents were asked to report their experience treating AIDS patients and to estimate the percentage of their patients they felt were at high risk for HIV infection. Nineteen questions designed to assess practices and attitudes towards AIDS and HIV-related issues were asked. Results suggest that physicians underestimate their patients' level of risk for HIV infection and are not taking adequate drug use and sexual histories. The level of concern for personal risk of infection was high, although a strong ethical obligation to treat HIV patients was expressed. Physicians also expressed support for mandatory reporting and contact tracing, although this diminished as contact with HIV patients increased.
Assuntos
Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/psicologia , Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Infecções por HIV/psicologia , Médicos de Família , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/transmissão , Adulto , Idoso , Análise de Variância , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Confidencialidade , Ética Médica , Medo , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/transmissão , Política de Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , Anamnese , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Médicos de Família/psicologia , Apoio à Pesquisa como Assunto , Estados UnidosRESUMO
The effects of media violence on the behavior of children are controversial. We examined and reviewed studies addressing this issue and identified many mediating variables. A small but genuine association appears to exist between media violence and aggression. However, many unanswered questions persist, and no interventions are clearly indicated.
Assuntos
Transtornos do Comportamento Infantil/etiologia , Meios de Comunicação de Massa , Violência , Agressão/psicologia , Criança , Transtornos do Comportamento Infantil/psicologia , Humanos , Filmes Cinematográficos , Transtornos do Comportamento Social/etiologia , TelevisãoRESUMO
Red cell lithium efflux rates in major affective disorder and alcoholic patient groups were studied. Current alcoholism was associated with significant elevation of lithium transport in white but not black subjects. This effect of alcoholism on the characteristics of membrane ion transport was independent of the blood pressure elevating effects of alcoholism and the diagnosis of major affective disorder. A model to explain the mechanism of this race-specific membrane effect of alcoholism is proposed and discussed.
