2D/3D ultrasound diagnosis of pediatric distal radius fractures by human readers vs artificial intelligence.

Wrist trauma is common in children and generally requires radiography for exclusion of fractures, subjecting children to radiation and long wait times in the emergency department. Ultrasound (US) has potential to be a safer, faster diagnostic tool. This study aimed to determine how reliably US could detect distal radius fractures in children, to contrast the accuracy of 2DUS to 3DUS, and to assess the utility of artificial intelligence for image interpretation. 127 children were scanned with 2DUS and 3DUS on the affected wrist. US scans were then read by 7 blinded human readers and an AI model. With radiographs used as the gold standard, expert human readers obtained a mean sensitivity of 0.97 and 0.98 for 2DUS and 3DUS respectively. The AI model sensitivity was 0.91 and 1.00 for 2DUS and 3DUS respectively. Study data suggests that 2DUS is comparable to 3DUS and AI diagnosis is comparable to human experts.

Extent of central neck dissection among thyroid cancer surgeons: Cross-sectional analysis.

BACKGROUND: It is unclear if surgeons are performing comprehensive central neck dissections for well-differentiated thyroid cancer. The purpose of this study was to determine mean lymph node retrieval in central neck dissection as well as variability across surgeons and institutions. METHODS: A prospectively collected database identified 18 surgeons performing 425 central neck dissections, 313 unilateral and 112 bilateral. Demographics, perioperative, and pathologic factors were analyzed. RESULTS: Mean lymph node yield was 7.4 and 11.9 for unilateral and bilateral central neck dissection, respectively. Although 224 central neck dissections were prophylactic, both total and pathologic lymph node yields were significantly higher in therapeutic central neck dissection. There was a significant variation in lymph node yield across individual surgeons, institutions, and regions. High-volume central neck dissection surgeons have significantly lower lymph node yield compared to low-volume surgeons. CONCLUSION: Central neck dissection seems to be performed adequately; however, there is a significant variation in lymph node yield. Future initiatives should try to standardize the central neck dissections performed, with emphasis on obtaining a sufficient yield. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E328-E332, 2016.